COVID-19 Serology at Population Scale: SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Responses in Saliva.

Abstract:

:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of an ongoing pandemic that has infected over 36 million and killed over 1 million people. Informed implementation of government public health policies depends on accurate data on SARS-CoV-2 immunity at a population scale. We hypothesized that detection of SARS-CoV-2 salivary antibodies could serve as a noninvasive alternative to serological testing for monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infection and seropositivity at a population scale. We developed a multiplex SARS-CoV-2 antibody immunoassay based on Luminex technology that comprised 12 CoV antigens, mostly derived from SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S). Saliva and sera collected from confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and from the pre-COVID-19 era were tested for IgG, IgA, and IgM to the antigen panel. Matched saliva and serum IgG responses (n = 28) were significantly correlated. The salivary anti-N IgG response resulted in the highest sensitivity (100%), exhibiting a positive response in 24/24 reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 cases sampled at >14 days post-symptom onset (DPSO), whereas the salivary anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG response yielded 100% specificity. Temporal kinetics of IgG in saliva were consistent with those observed in blood and indicated that most individuals seroconvert at around 10 DPSO. Algorithms employing a combination of the IgG responses to N and S antigens result in high diagnostic accuracy (100%) by as early as 10 DPSO. These results support the use of saliva-based antibody testing as a noninvasive and scalable alternative to blood-based antibody testing.

journal_name

J Clin Microbiol

authors

Pisanic N,Randad PR,Kruczynski K,Manabe YC,Thomas DL,Pekosz A,Klein SL,Betenbaugh MJ,Clarke WA,Laeyendecker O,Caturegli PP,Larman HB,Detrick B,Fairley JK,Sherman AC,Rouphael N,Edupuganti S,Granger DA,Granger SW,Coll

doi

10.1128/JCM.02204-20

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-12-17 00:00:00

issue

1

eissn

0095-1137

issn

1098-660X

pii

JCM.02204-20

journal_volume

59

pub_type

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