Abstract:
:A detailed review of hospital records, physician's notes, diaries, letters, and autopsy reports offers sufficient clinical grounds to establish that Eugene O'Neill developed adrenal insufficiency, secondary to tuberculosis, in later life--a fact hitherto unknown--the condition not becoming manifest until after he had abdominal surgery in 1936.
journal_name
Perspect Biol Medjournal_title
Perspectives in biology and medicineauthors
Hamilton JWdoi
10.1353/pbm.1987.0051subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-01-01 00:00:00pages
231-4issue
2eissn
0031-5982issn
1529-8795journal_volume
30pub_type
传,历史文章,杂志文章abstract::The general population is experiencing lifelong exposure to old and new hazardous substances. By using data collected from a subject's own teeth, accuracy in determining the effects of exposure is assured since extrapolation is excluded. The establishment of a common tooth bank can provide means to integrate data from...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.1988.0031
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metaphysics is an essential part of philosophy of medicine, providing the background for further methodological work. Current accounts of the ontology of particular diseases may be classified as realist or anti-realist. Because strong arguments can be marshaled by both of these positions, an approach to medical ontolo...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.0.0032
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical trial of the AbioCor artificial heart, initiated in July 2001 and still in process, has taken place within a matrix of social and cultural patterns that are both "old" and new. The old patterns--those that have accompanied previous clinical trials of other vital artificial organs and transplantation in th...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2004.0006
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over time, contemporary writing becomes part of the historical record. In medicine, it is an important learning tool, particularly for understanding the experience and context of disease and illness. Although a century has elapsed since the fictional events on a single day described in James Joyce's Ulysses, the work ...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2006.0032
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ensuring experimental outcomes are of the highest clinical caliber is crucial prior to the introduction of germline genome editing. However, if we are to police scientific progress using probability or the potential to go wrong, then we must account for the specious standards of human reproduction. With 15% of clinica...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2020.0008
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::How will developments in genetic knowledge affect the classification of disease? Leaders in genetics have suggested that knowledge of the role of genes in disease can determine nosology. Diseases might be defined by genotype, thus avoiding the limitations of more empirical approaches to categorization. Other commentat...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2006.0012
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of brain tumors is rising in children and the elderly, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying brain tumor initiation and progression. In the 1940s, Zimmerman and coworkers exploited the tumor-promoting potential of polycyclic hydrocarbons to produce brain tumor models in adult mice that simu...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2001.0035
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty years after Beecher's landmark article, an old question is being debated anew: is it ethical to conduct clinical research without consent? This paper provides a systematic analysis of this question. First, it describes five clinical trials that have either been conducted (or proposed) without the subjects provid...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2016.0023
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Popular fiction responds to, and may exacerbate, public anxieties in ways that more highbrow literary texts may not. Robin Cook's 1977 novel Coma exemplifies the ways in which medical thrillers participate in the public discourse about health care. Written shortly after the medical establishment promoted "irreversible...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.0.0168
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of placebo has evolved over time. Generally believed to be the basis of the premodern pharmacopoeia, the placebo has been adopted in practice as a harmless but unscientific approach towards alleviating symptoms. Currently, many medical scientists view placebos pejoratively as confounding elements in the an...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2004.0053
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1900 William Osler established a friendship with Harvey Cushing that encompassed the personal and professional aspects of their lives for over two decades. Their shared participation in the covenant of medicine shaped an intense friendship and mentoring relationship that profited both individuals immeasurably. The ...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2005.0087
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is a daunting time, not only in terms of our public health and our economic health but also in terms of the health of the republic. It is an old theme that any form of popular government needs virtuous citizens if it is to survive. It also needs citizens to agree on what counts as a virtue. I fear that the pandem...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2020.0050
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of electronic health records (EHRs) to improve access and enable research in the everyday clinical world has simultaneously made medical information much more vulnerable to illicit, non-beneficent uses. This wealth of identified, aggregated data has and will attract attacks by domestic governments for surve...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2013.0003
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article is concerned with the practice of bioethics outside of the Euro-American and Anglophone settings in which it was first formulated. In theoretical terms, the article considers the frictions that arise when global-scale projects such as bioethics are introduced into diverse social and cultural settings. Met...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2018.0038
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies suggest that clinical researchers are prone to overestimating the chance that scientific protocols will succeed, say, by confirming a treatment hypothesis or reaching recruitment targets. In this essay, we address the normative question of whether such "unrealistic optimism" is harmful in clinical rese...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2016.0043
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The health aspects and benefits of conception control as a justification for U.S. government support of family planning are reviewed. The Family Planning Services Act of 1970 set a goal of serving 5 million indigent women by 1975. It is predicted that the program will far surpass that goal. 340 million dollars were...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.1973.0050
更新日期:1973-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rise of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) in health care has engendered considerable excitement, claiming to improve approaches to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Amidst the enthusiasm, the philosophical assumptions that underlie the big data and AI movement in medicine are rarely examined. This essay...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2019.0012
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In retrospect, mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) in the 20th century followed an epidemic pattern: mortality rates increased dramatically from 1920 until about 1960, remained roughly constant for almost a decade, and have been decreasing since the late 1960s. CHD has traditionally been conceived of as a sing...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2007.0013
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper constructs a brief history of the biochemical term agonist by exploring the multiple meanings of the root agôn in ancient Greek literature and describing how agonist first appeared in the scientific literature of the 20th century in the context of neurophysiologists' debates about the existence and properti...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2002.0056
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emerging field of synthetic biology is a novel biological discipline at the interface between traditional biology, chemistry, and engineering sciences. Synthetic biology aims at the rational design of complex synthetic biological devices and systems with desired properties by combining compatible, modular biologic...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1353/pbm.2012.0042
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both leading scientific journals and the popular press now regularly report the convincing evidence of massive environmental degradation and decline. Yet despite the seriousness of the problems, despite their anthropogenic nature, and despite their profound implications for present and future population health, such t...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2007.0008
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the period of "classical genetics" (roughly 1915-950), the common view of the gene was mechanistic--hat is, genes were seen as individual, atomistic units, as material components of the chromosomes. Although it was recognized early on that genes could interact and influence each other's expression, they were still ...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2014.0003
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the 1970s, something deeply consequential happened in the cultural, economic, and social relationships between science and technology. Paul Forman has proposed that the abrupt reversal of the culturally ascribed primacy in the science-technology relationship circa 1980 be taken as a demarcation of postmodernity...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.0.0074
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pace of biomedical innovation is important because it determines the rate of progress in medicine and allied disciplines. A review of the history of medical advances reveals that the three decades from 1950 to 1980 were a particularly innovative time. Subsequent decades have seen fewer seminal advances, despite co...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2018.0067
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Milton Winternitz led Yale Medical School as its Dean from 1920 to 1935. An innovative, even maverick leader, he not only kept the school from going under, but turned it into a first-class research institution. Dedicated to the new scientific medicine established in Germany, he was equally fervent about "social medici...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2003.0046
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::When we figure medical practice as warfare, an individual clinician may be either a dutiful combatant or a conscientious objector. The rhetorical structure of this choice means that clinicians may exercise their consciences by loyally joining or disloyally exiting the medical ranks' battle against disease. But there a...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2019.0025
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kelly, Kelly, and Russo (2014) recently proposed to integrate biological, behavioral, and social mechanisms into "mixed mechanisms" situated in the individual's "lifeworld" when considering illness causation. This article suggests considering terminological discrepancies, replacing the pathogenetic with an etiological...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2017.0025
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the 19th century, we have come to think of disease in terms of specific entities--entities defined and legitimated in terms of characteristic somatic mechanisms. Since the last third of that century, we have expanded would-be disease categories to include an ever-broader variety of emotional pain, idiosyncrasy, ...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.2006.0046
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shopping for genetic information has become popular, but consumers may not understand what exactly they are buying. The retail DNA industry is forcing laypersons, academics, and medical and legal professionals alike to face the crossroads of genetics, law, and society. How will we decipher the meanings of the tests, d...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/pbm.0.0158
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The linguistic metaphor in biology adheres to a representational theory that seeks similarities between pre-given domains. The point of departure of this paper is the generative and nonrepresentational conception of metaphor. This paper argues that by adopting the nonrepresentational conception of metaphor, meaning-ma...
journal_title:Perspectives in biology and medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1353/pbm.2005.0076
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00