Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to identify optimal target propofol and remifentanil concentrations to avoid a gag reflex in response to insertion of an upper gastrointestinal endoscope. METHODS:Patients presenting for endoscopy received target-controlled infusions (TCI) of both propofol and remifentanil for sedation-analgesia. Patients were randomized to 4 groups of fixed target effect-site concentrations: remifentanil 1 ng•mL (REMI 1) or 2 ng•mL (REMI 2) and propofol 2 μg•mL (PROP 2) or 3 μg•mL (PROP 3). For each group, the other drug (propofol for the REMI groups and vice versa) was increased or decreased using the "up-down" method based on the presence or absence of a gag response in the previous patient. A modified isotonic regression method was used to estimate the median effective Ce,50 from the up-down method in each group. A concentration-effect (sigmoid Emax) model was built to estimate the corresponding Ce,90 for each group. These data were used to estimate propofol bolus doses and remifentanil infusion rates that would achieve effect-site concentrations between Ce,50 and Ce,90 when a TCI system is not available for use. RESULTS:One hundred twenty-four patients were analyzed. To achieve between a 50% and 90% probability of no gag response, propofol TCIs were between 2.40 and 4.23 μg•mL (that could be achieved with a bolus of 1 mg•kg) when remifentanil TCI was fixed at 1 ng•mL, and target propofol TCIs were between 2.15 and 2.88 μg•mL (that could be achieved with a bolus of 0.75 mg•kg) when remifentanil TCI was fixed at 2 ng•mL. Remifentanil ranges were 1.00 to 4.79 ng•mL and 0.72 to 3.19 ng•mL when propofol was fixed at 2 and 3 μg•mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:We identified a set of propofol and remifentanil TCIs that blocked the gag response to endoscope insertion in patients undergoing endoscopy. Propofol bolus doses and remifentanil infusion rates designed to achieve similar effect-site concentrations can be used to prevent gag response when TCI is not available.
journal_name
Anesth Analgjournal_title
Anesthesia and analgesiaauthors
Borrat X,Valencia JF,Magrans R,Gimenez-Mila M,Mellado R,Sendino O,Perez M,Nunez M,Jospin M,Jensen EW,Troconiz I,Gambus PLdoi
10.1213/ANE.0000000000000756subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-07-01 00:00:00pages
90-6issue
1eissn
0003-2999issn
1526-7598journal_volume
121pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::The function of beta-endorphin immunoreactive material (IRM) released under perioperative conditions remains to be clarified. In 17 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, we determined beta-endorphin IRM in venous blood plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) before surgery (t(A)); after termination of surgery and ge...
journal_title:Anesthesia and analgesia
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