Abstract:
PURPOSE:A statistical assessment of a disease is often necessary before resources can be allocated to any control programme. No literature on seasonal trends of gonorrhoea is available from India. OBJECTIVES:The objectives were (1) to determine, if any, seasonal trends were present in India (2) to describe factors contributing to seasonality of gonorrhoea (3) to formulate approaches for gonorrhoea control at the national level. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Seasonal indices for gonorrhoea were calculated quarterly in terms of a seasonal index between 2005 and 2010. Ratio-to-moving average method was used to determine the seasonal variation. The original data values in the time-series were expressed as percentages of moving averages. Results were also analyzed by second statistical method i.e. seasonal subseries plot. RESULTS:The seasonally adjusted average for culture-positive gonorrhoea cases was highest in the second quarter (128.61%) followed by third quarter (108.48%) while a trough was observed in the first (96.05%) and last quarter (64.85%). The second quarter peak was representative of summer vacations in schools and colleges. Moreover, April is the harvesting month followed by celebrations and social gatherings. Both these factors are associated with increased sexual activity and partner change. A trough in first and last quarter was indicative of festival season and winter leading to less patients reporting to the hospital. CONCLUSION:The findings highlight the immediate need to strengthen sexual health education among young people in schools and colleges and education on risk-reduction practices especially at crucial points in the calendar year for effective gonorrhoea control.
journal_name
Indian J Med Microbioljournal_title
Indian journal of medical microbiologyauthors
Kakran M,Bala M,Singh Vdoi
10.4103/0255-0857.154853subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-04-01 00:00:00pages
215-20issue
2eissn
0255-0857issn
1998-3646pii
IndianJMedMicrobiol_2015_33_2_215_154853journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract:Background and Objectives:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important cause of chronic liver disease (CLD). Although Northeast India is believed to be a HCV hotspot, the proportion of HCV infection and the distribution of HCV genotypes in CLD cases from the region are not known. The objectives of the study were to determin...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_17_371
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
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doi:10.4103/0255-0857.96675
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
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doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_18_157
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abstract::Zoonotic filariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens, a parasite of carnivores occurs mainly in countries surrounding Mediterranean region. The infection occurs in and around eye among animal handlers through vector transmission. We are reporting a case of human Dirofilariasis affecting subtenons region in a 63 year-old w...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
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doi:10.4103/0255-0857.19899
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abstract::Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) triggered by Parvovirus B19 and Epstein-Barr virus co-infection is rare and unknown in infants. A 2-month-old male infant with fever, rash, bicytopenia and hepato-splenomegaly died owing to diagnostic dilemmas. Hence simply testing for hyperferritinaemia and hypertriglyceridemi...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.129819
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abstract::Treatment of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains of Enterobacteriaceae has emerged as a major challenge in hospitalised as well as community based patients. Infections due to ESBL producers range from uncomplicated urinary tract infection to life threatening sepsis. Although several reviews have ...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.19889
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histopathological examination of tissue biopsies for the identification of infectious organisms is a very important diagnostic tool. Conventional culture confirmation of tissue biopsies often fail to identify any pathogen as, first of all, invariably most of the tissue samples that are collected and sent for culture i...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.49423
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Introduction:Unavailability of optimal susceptibility testing (ST) challenges the clinical use of colistin. Broth microdilution (BMD), which is the reference for colistin ST, is inconvenient for diagnostics. Vitek2 and E-test although technically easier, are no longer recommended. Materials and Methods:For the evaluat...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
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doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_19_480
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
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doi:10.4103/0255-0857.25226
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.40538
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.167341
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 14 year old girl from a coastal district of Odisha presented with a six month history of asymptomatic brownish patches on the palm of the both hands. Epidermal scrape from these patches showed brown septate hyphae with occasional yeast like cells. Hortaea wernekii was isolated from the fungal culture. A diagnosis of...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.124336
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) resistance to antimicrobials may result in the increased risk of treatment failure. The objective of the study was to analyse in vitro MRSA susceptibility to vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, tigecycline, ceftaroline, dalbavancin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin and trime...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_17_136
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_20_307
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Genotyping studies like spoligotyping are valuable tools in understanding the genetic diversity and epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Though there are reports of spoligotyping of M. tuberculosis isolates from pulmonary specimens from different parts of India, spoligotyping of extra pulmonary tuberculo...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.154871
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Malassezia yeasts are globally distributed agents of pityriasis versicolor and are implicated in the pathogenesis of seborrhoeic and atopic dermatitis. The aim of this study is to identify the Malassezia species obtained from pityriasis versicolor patients, using morphological, biochemical, physiological as wel...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.55445
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Outbreaks of varicella are reported when susceptible population accumulates. This study reports a chickenpox outbreak in Burail in August 2014, wherein 20 laboratory-confirmed cases were identified by the detection of varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA and VZV IgM antibodies. The viral load between vesicular swabs and s...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_16_420
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disseminated cryptococcosis mainly occurs in patients with impaired cell mediated immunity. We present a case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a non-HIV patient with nephrotic syndrome who never received immunosuppression. Cultures of bone marrow aspirate, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and histology of skin lesions we...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.25209
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.90155
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tubercular splenic abscess in an immunocompetent person, especially when the patient is without any symptoms, is a rare clinical entity. We report a case of isolated tubercular splenic abscess in a 38-year-old asymptomatic healthy female and emphasize the importance of careful smear examination. The patient had come t...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.62501
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Probiotics are friendly live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to beneficial micro-organisms found in the human gut, whenever consumed, have potential to confer benefit to the health of consumers by maintaining, or improving their intestinal microbial flora and are available to consumers mainly...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.150868
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella Typhi can be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant females with adverse outcomes. Risk of infections increases manifold during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and immunological phenomena. S. Typhi has the ability to cross placenta (vertical transmission) resulting in miscarriage, stil...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_16_180
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) pose an emerging problem in hospitals worldwide. The present study was undertaken to determine the occurrence, species prevalence, antibacterial resistance, and phenotypic and genetic characteristics of VRE isolated in Riyadh hospitals, KSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Two hund...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.93032
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in school going children of different age groups and sex and to isolate the organisms responsible for asymptomatic bacteriuria and to know their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. METHODS:A total of 1817 school children...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To evaluate E-test as a tool for rapid determination of drug susceptibility against the conventional LJ method focusing on reliability, expense, ease of standardization and performance of the technique in low resource settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 74 clinical isolates (2004-2005) of Mycobacterium tube...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.58725
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_19_170
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The intestinal flagellate Giardia lamblia includes many genetically distinct assemblages, of which assemblage A and B, predominantly infect humans. Nitroimidazoles derivatives (metronidazole and tinidazole) and nitazoxanide are some of the therapeutic agents for treatment of giardiasis. Nevertheless, some indiv...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4103/0255-0857.142236
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive infections due to Streptococcus dysgalactiae are uncommon in the adult population, and sternoclavicular joint septic arthritis (SCSA) is usually caused by other organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We hereby report a case of SCSA caused by this organism. The patient responded we...
journal_title:Indian journal of medical microbiology
pub_type:
doi:10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_20_257
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00