Abstract：
:There is a strong evidence that more marked lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) leads to progressively lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The evidence on validity of this hypothesis comes from epidemiological, genetic and clinical studies. The hypothesis "the lower the better" has been recently strongly supported by the results of secondary prevention trials with PCSK9 inhibitors. The combination of PCSK9 inhibitors and statins has resulted in achieving extremely low LDL-C levels with additional reduction of CVD events in secondary prevention. However, despite large clinical benefits, the safety of aggressive LDL-C lowering should be always taken into consideration, and there is still an ongoing discussion on whether very low LDL-C might result in some non-CVD adverse events. However, based on the available knowledge, so far the serious adverse events associated with achieving of very low LDL-C levels or intensive drug therapy have not been noted. These positive clinical effects were reflected in current ESC/EAS Guidelines (2019) for dyslipidaemia management. The experts strongly recommended the LDL-C lowering to levels that have been achieved in trials of PCSK9 inhibitors. In this state of the art review, we aimed to finally justify the critical need for LDL-C reduction to very low levels in secondary prevention patients in order to be as low as possible, as early as possible, and preferably lifelong.
journal_name
Prog Cardiovasc Disjournal_title
Progress in cardiovascular diseasesauthors
Cybulska B,Kłosiewicz-Latoszek L,Penson PE,Nabavi SM,Lavie CJ,Banach M,International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP).doi
10.1016/j.pcad.2020.12.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-28 00:00:00eissn
0033-0620issn
1873-1740pii
S0033-0620(20)30210-3pub_type
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-0620(99)70006-x
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/pcad.2000.0420273
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcad.2016.12.006
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcad.2003.08.003
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcad.2006.08.008
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcad.2019.10.006
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/pcad.2000.7201
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcad.2018.04.007
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcad.2004.07.006
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcad.2014.12.003
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-0620(98)80023-6
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcad.2013.05.007
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the progressive increase in life-expectancy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients in the "highly active antiretroviral therapy" (HAART) era, co-morbidities, particularly cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVD) are emerging as an important concern. The pathophysiology of CVD in this population is comp...
journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcad.2016.02.008
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Valvular heart disease is a common cause of increased mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). Aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation are frequently accompanied by pulmonary hypertension (PH), especially when they are severe and symptomatic. In asymptomatic patients, PH is rare, though the exact prevalence is unknown a...
journal_title：Progress in cardiovascular diseases
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.pcad.2016.06.004
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
