Abstract:
:L-Glutamate is regarded as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS. However, whether the released transmitter originates from a cytosolic pool or is discharged from synaptic vesicles by exocytosis (vesicle hypothesis) remains controversial. A problem with the general acceptance of the vesicle hypothesis is that the enrichment of glutamate in synaptic vesicles has not been convincingly demonstrated. In the present study, we have analyzed the glutamate content of synaptic vesicles isolated from rat cerebral cortex by a novel immunobead procedure. A large amount of glutamate was present in these vesicles when a proton electrochemical gradient was maintained across the vesicle membrane during isolation. Compared with the starting fraction, glutamate was enriched more than 10-fold relative to other amino acids. Addition of N-ethylmaleimide prevented glutamate loss during isolation. Isotope exchange experiments revealed that exchange or re-uptake of glutamate after homogenization is negligible. We conclude that rat brain synaptic vesicles contain high levels of glutamate in situ.
journal_name
Neuronjournal_title
Neuronauthors
Burger PM,Mehl E,Cameron PL,Maycox PR,Baumert M,Lottspeich F,De Camilli P,Jahn Rdoi
10.1016/0896-6273(89)90240-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-12-01 00:00:00pages
715-20issue
6eissn
0896-6273issn
1097-4199pii
0896-6273(89)90240-7journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEURON文献大全abstract::To define the cis-acting DNA elements required for rhodopsin expression, we generated lines of transgenic mice carrying sequences upstream of the bovine rhodopsin gene fused to the E. coli beta-galactosidase gene (lacZ). Upstream sequences extending from -2174 to +70 bp, from -734 to +70 bp, and from -222 to +70 bp di...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0896-6273(91)90355-4
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rostrocaudal polarity of the tectum is first detectable at embryonic day 2 (E2) in the chick by the rostrocaudal gradient of en expression. When ectopic tectum is produced by heterotopic transplantation at E2 in the diencephalon, the gradient of en expression is inverted from the host polarity by environmental influen...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0896-6273(92)90099-y
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The panoply of cognitive, affective, motivational, and social functions that underpin everyday human experience requires precisely choreographed patterns of interaction between networked brain regions. Perhaps not surprisingly, diverse forms of psychopathology are characterized by breakdowns in these interregional rel...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.06.002
更新日期:2012-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes release glutamate, which can modulate nearby synapses, but how this release is accomplished remains debated. In this issue of Neuron, Yang et al. (2019) show that the volume-regulated anion channel Swell1 in astrocytes mediates the release of glutamate and impacts synaptic transmission, learning and memory,...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.005
更新日期:2019-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of kainate receptor targeting and clustering is still unresolved. Here, we demonstrate that members of the SAP90/PSD-95 family colocalize and associate with kainate receptors. SAP90 and SAP102 coimmunoprecipitate with both KA2 and GluR6, but only SAP97 coimmunoprecipitates with GluR6. Similar to NMDA rec...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80590-5
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neocortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons derive from distinct progenitor domains during embryonic development and migrate to their final positions, where they assemble into functional circuits. This process appears to be influenced by lineage relationships among locally born excitatory neurons, raising the intrig...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.034
更新日期:2016-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Formation of the normal mammalian cerebral cortex requires the migration of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons from an extracortical origin, the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). Mechanisms guiding the migratory direction of these neurons, or other neurons in the neocortex, are not well understood. We have used an exp...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80801-6
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent paper in Nature (Lim et al., 2012) describes the effects of melanocortin receptors in the nucleus accumbens. The studies connect a hypothalamic peptide system with brain reward centers and show effects on specific neuronal populations and behavioral components of mood. ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.07.018
更新日期:2012-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::I(Ks) voltage-gated K(+) channels contain four pore-forming KCNQ1 subunits and MinK accessory subunits in a number that has been controversial. Here, I(Ks) channels assembled naturally by monomer subunits are compared to those with linked subunits that force defined stoichiometries. Two strategies that exploit charybd...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00570-1
更新日期:2003-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term memory and synaptic plasticity are thought to require the synthesis of new proteins at activated synapses. The CPEB family of RNA binding proteins, including Drosophila Orb2, has been implicated in this process. The precise mechanism by which these molecules regulate memory formation is however poorly unders...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.08.028
更新日期:2012-10-18 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Developmental dyslexia is a reading disorder, yet deficits also manifest in the magnocellular-dominated dorsal visual system. Uncertainty about whether visual deficits are causal or consequential to reading disability encumbers accurate identification and appropriate treatment of this common learning disabil...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.05.002
更新日期:2013-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in gene expression contribute to the long-lasting regulation of the brain's reward circuitry seen in drug addiction; however, the specific genes regulated and the transcriptional mechanisms underlying such regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with promoter mi...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.03.026
更新日期:2009-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::A study by Zhang et al. in this issue of Neuron reveals a novel mechanism of control of vestibular motor functions by the orexin (hypocretin) system in the perifornical/LH area through the lateral vestibular nucleus in the brainstem. This knowledge provides new insights into the understanding of brain circuitry that c...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.017
更新日期:2011-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::Nociceptive terminals possess the elements for detecting, transmitting, and modulating noxious signals, thus being pivotal for pain sensation. Despite this, a functional description of the transduction process by the terminals, in physiological conditions, has not been fully achieved. Here, we studied how nociceptive ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.005
更新日期:2019-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term augmentation of synaptic transmission at sensory neuron synapses of Aplysia contributes to behavioral sensitization and is one of the current models for a cellular mechanism of learning. This neuromodulatory process, mediated at least in part by the facilitatory neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) acting thro...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90466-9
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zika virus (ZIVK) represents a new threat to global health, with particular relevance to neuroscientists, due to associated newborn and adult neurological disease. Consequences of vertical infection include microcephaly with brain and eye anomalies, and consequences of adult infection include Guillain-Barré syndrome (...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.031
更新日期:2016-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory experience evokes long-lasting changes in neural circuits through activity-dependent gene expression. Ataman et al. (2016) report in Nature that primates evolved novel transcriptional responses to neuronal activity, including induction of musclin/osteocrin (OSTN), which may regulate specialized aspects of prim...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.024
更新日期:2016-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::We report a role for long-distance retrograde neurotrophin signaling in the establishment of synapses in the sympathetic nervous system. Target-derived NGF is both necessary and sufficient for formation of postsynaptic specializations on dendrites of sympathetic neurons. This, in turn, is a prerequisite for formation ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.07.018
更新日期:2010-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) play a major role in excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity. Channel properties are largely dictated by their composition of the four subunits, GluR1-4 (or A-D). Here we show that AMPAR assembly and subunit stoichiometry are determined by RNA editing in the pore loop. We...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00668-8
更新日期:2003-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::A critical feature of neural networks is that they balance excitation and inhibition to prevent pathological dysfunction. How this is achieved is largely unknown, although deficits in the balance contribute to many neurological disorders. We show here that a microRNA (miR-101) is a key orchestrator of this essential f...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.11.017
更新日期:2016-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Immortalized retinal neurons have been established in tissue culture from retinal tumors arising in transgenic mice. The mice carry the SV40 T-antigen under the control of 5' flanking sequences from the human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) gene in order to target oncogene expression to adrenergic cell t...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0896-6273(90)90204-s
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little is known about how animals integrate multiple sensory inputs in natural environments to balance avoidance of danger with approach to things of value. Furthermore, the mechanistic link between internal physiological state and threat-reward decision making remains poorly understood. Here we confronted C. elegans ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.10.030
更新日期:2016-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Elevation of cAMP can overcome myelin inhibitors to encourage regeneration of the CNS. We show that a consequence of elevated cAMP is the synthesis of polyamines, resulting from an up-regulation of Arginase I, a key enzyme in their synthesis. Inhibiting polyamine synthesis blocks the cAMP effect on regeneration. Eithe...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00826-7
更新日期:2002-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Much recent discussion about the origin of Parkinsonian symptoms has centered around the idea that they arise with the increase of beta frequency waves in the EEG. This activity may be closely related to an oscillation between subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus. Since STN is the target of deep brain stimula...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.032
更新日期:2012-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying psychostimulant-elicited plasticity in the brain reward system, we undertook a phenotype-driven approach using genome-wide microarray profiling of striatal transcripts from three genetic and one pharmacological mouse models of psychostimulant or dopamine supersensitivity...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(04)00048-0
更新日期:2004-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::Cortical development depends on the active integration of cell-autonomous and extrinsic cues, but the coordination of these processes is poorly understood. Here, we show that the apical complex protein Pals1 and Pten have opposing roles in localizing the Igf1R to the apical, ventricular domain of cerebral cortical pro...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.01.023
更新日期:2011-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::The vertebrate ventral midbrain contains 3-4 x 10(4) dopaminergic neurons that influence motor activity, emotional behavior, and cognition. Recently, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was shown to be a potent survival factor for these dopaminergic neurons in culture. However, many midbrain dopaminergi...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90062-0
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The differentiation of neuronal cell progenitors depends on complex interactions between intrinsic cellular programs and environmental cues. Such interactions have recently been explored using an immortalized sympathoadrenal progenitor cell line, MAH. These studies have revealed that depolarizing conditions, in combin...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90359-x
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Backpropagating action potentials (bAPs) are an important signal for associative synaptic plasticity in many neurons, but they often fail to fully invade distal dendrites. In this issue of Neuron, Sjöström and Häusser show that distal propagation failure leads to a spatial gradient of Hebbian plasticity in neocortical...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.07.003
更新日期:2006-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::In Drosophila, negatively reinforcing dopaminergic neurons also provide the inhibitory control of satiety over appetitive memory expression. Here we show that aversive learning causes a persistent depression of the conditioned odor drive to two downstream feed-forward inhibitory GABAergic interneurons of the mushroom ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.04.034
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00