Biophysics of Chromatin Remodeling.

abstract：:Biological molecules are often highly dynamic, and this flexibility can be critical for function. The large range of sampled timescales and the fact that many of the conformers that are continually explored are only transiently formed and sparsely populated challenge current biophysical approaches. Solution nuclear ma...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Sekhar A,Kay LE

更新日期：2019-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy elucidates membrane protein structures and dynamics in atomic detail to yield mechanistic insights. By interrogating membrane proteins in phospholipid bilayers that closely resemble biological membranes, SSNMR spectroscopists have revealed ion conduction mech...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Mandala VS,Williams JK,Hong M

更新日期：2018-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past decade, a concerted effort to successfully capture specific tertiary packing interactions produced specific three-dimensional structures for many de novo designed proteins that are validated by nuclear magnetic resonance and/or X-ray crystallographic techniques. However, the success rate of computational d...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Li Z,Yang Y,Zhan J,Dai L,Zhou Y

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many proteins can be split into fragments that spontaneously reassemble, without covalent linkage, into a functional protein. For split green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), fragment reassembly leads to a fluorescent readout, which has been widely used to investigate protein-protein interactions. We review the scope and ...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Romei MG,Boxer SG

更新日期：2019-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Helicases are enzymes that move, manage, and manipulate nucleic acids. They can be subdivided into six super families and are required for all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. In general, all helicases function by converting the chemical energy stored in the bond between the gamma and beta phosphates of adenosine t...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Crickard JB,Greene EC

更新日期：2019-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The neural code that relates the firing of neurons to the generation of behavior and mental states must be implemented by spatiotemporal patterns of activity across neuronal populations. These patterns engage selective groups of neurons, called neuronal ensembles, which are emergent building blocks of neural circuits....

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Carrillo-Reid L,Yang W,Kang Miller JE,Peterka DS,Yuste R

更新日期：2017-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:My research began with theory and methods for ultracentrifugal studies of proteins, first at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, with Bob Alberty and Jack Williams, then at Oxford University with A.G. ("Sandy") Ogston, and finally back at Wisconsin with Williams and Lou Gosting. In 1959 I joined Arthur Kornberg's Bi...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Baldwin RL

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhodopsin is a specialized G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) found in vertebrate rod cells. Absorption of light by its 11-cis retinal chromophore leads to rapid photochemical isomerization and receptor activation. Recent results from protein crystallography and NMR spectroscopy show how structural changes on the extra...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Smith SO

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Next-generation synchrotron radiation sources, such as X-ray free-electron lasers, energy recovery linacs, and ultra-low-emittance storage rings, are catalyzing novel methods of biomolecular microcrystallography and solution scattering. These methods are described and future trends are predicted. Importantly, there is...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Gruner SM,Lattman EE

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Imaging techniques greatly facilitate the comprehensive knowledge of biological systems. Although imaging methodology for biomacromolecules such as protein and nucleic acids has been long established, microscopic techniques and contrast mechanisms are relatively limited for small biomolecules, which are equally import...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Shen Y,Hu F,Min W

更新日期：2019-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological functions of RNA molecules are dependent upon sustained specific three-dimensional (3D) structures of RNA, with or without the help of proteins. Understanding of RNA structure is frequently based on 2D structures, which describe only the Watson-Crick (WC) base pairs. Here, we hierarchically review the struc...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Miao Z,Westhof E

更新日期：2017-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Sound-induced mechanical stimuli are detected by elaborate mechanosensory transduction (MT) machinery in highly specialized hair cells of the inner ear. Genetic studies of inherited deafness in the past decades have uncovered several molecular constituents of the MT complex, and intense debate has surrounded the molec...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Zheng W,Holt JR

更新日期：2020-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Imaging mass spectrometry combines the power of mass spectrometry to identify complex molecules based on mass with sample imaging. Recent advances in secondary ion mass spectrometry have improved sensitivity and spatial resolution, so that these methods have the potential to bridge between high-resolution structures o...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Boxer SG,Kraft ML,Weber PK

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biochemical processes leading to the synthesis of new proteins are random, as they typically involve a small number of diffusing molecules. They lead to fluctuations in the number of proteins in a single cell as a function of time and to cell-to-cell variability of protein abundances. These in turn can lead to phe...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Sanchez A,Choubey S,Kondev J

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Of great interest to the academic and pharmaceutical research communities, helical transmembrane proteins are characterized by their ability to dissolve and fold in lipid bilayers--properties conferred by polypeptide spans termed transmembrane domains (TMDs). The apolar nature of TMDs necessitates the use of membrane-...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Rath A,Deber CM

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review deals with two important concepts-protein intrinsic disorder and proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLOs). The past 20 years have seen an upsurge of scientific interest in these phenomena. However, neither are new discoveries made in this century, but instead are timely reincarnations of old ideas th...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Uversky VN

更新日期：2021-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:In eukaryotic cells, membrane compartments are split into two by membrane fission. This ensures discontinuity of membrane containers and thus proper compartmentalization. The first proteic machinery implicated in catalyzing membrane fission was dynamin. Dynamin forms helical collars at the neck of endocytic buds. This...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Morlot S,Roux A

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The living cell is an incredibly complex entity, and the goal of predictively and quantitatively understanding its function is one of the next great challenges in biology. Much of what we know about the cell concerns its constituent parts, but to a great extent we have yet to decode how these parts are organized to yi...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Bashor CJ,Horwitz AA,Peisajovich SG,Lim WA

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA is the fundamental information transfer system in the cell. The ability to follow single messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from transcription to degradation with fluorescent probes gives quantitative information about how the information is transferred from DNA to proteins. This review focuses on the latest technological dev...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Tutucci E,Livingston NM,Singer RH,Wu B

更新日期：2018-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The itch-scratch reflex serves as a protective mechanism in everyday life. However, chronic persistent itching can be devastating. Despite the clinical importance of the itch sensation, its mechanism remains elusive. In the past decade, substantial progress has been made to uncover the mystery of itching. Here, we rev...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Han L,Dong X

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) lack stable tertiary and/or secondary structures under physiological conditions in vitro. They are highly abundant in nature and their functional repertoire complements the functions of ordered proteins. IDPs are involved in regulation, signaling, and control, where binding to ...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Uversky VN,Oldfield CJ,Dunker AK

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We discuss new developments in the nonequilibrium dynamics and thermodynamics of living systems, giving a few examples to demonstrate the importance of nonequilibrium thermodynamics for understanding biological dynamics and functions. We study single-molecule enzyme dynamics, in which the nonequilibrium thermodynamic ...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Fang X,Wang J

更新日期：2020-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins and other macromolecules can act as molecular machines that convert energy from one form to another through cycles of conformational transitions. In a macroscopically fluctuating environment or at the single-molecule level, the probability for a molecule to be in any state j fluctuates, and the probability cu...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Astumian RD

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) family transcription factors are master regulators of immune and inflammatory processes in response to both injury and infection. In the latent state, NF-κBs are sequestered in the cytosol by their inhibitor IκB (inhibitor of NF-κB) proteins. Upon stimulations of innate immune receptors ...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Napetschnig J,Wu H

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Self-cleaving hammerhead, hairpin, hepatitis delta virus, and glmS ribozymes comprise a family of small catalytic RNA motifs that catalyze the same reversible phosphodiester cleavage reaction, but each motif adopts a unique structure and displays a unique array of biochemical properties. Recent structural, biochemical...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Fedor MJ

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We argue that the mechanical control of proteins-the notion of controlling chemical reactions and processes by mechanics-is conceptually interesting. We give a brief review of the main accomplishments so far, leading to our present approach of using DNA molecular springs to exert controlled stresses on proteins. Our f...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Zocchi G

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Actin is the most abundant protein in most eukaryotic cells. It is highly conserved and participates in more protein-protein interactions than any known protein. These properties, along with its ability to transition between monomeric (G-actin) and filamentous (F-actin) states under the control of nucleotide hydrolysi...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Dominguez R,Holmes KC

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells actively sense the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, such as its rigidity, morphology, and deformation. The cell-matrix interaction influences a range of cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation, among others. This article aims to review some of the recent prog...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Chen B,Ji B,Gao H

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physical factors in the local cellular microenvironment, including cell shape and geometry, matrix mechanics, external mechanical forces, and nanotopographical features of the extracellular matrix, can all have strong influences on regulating stem cell fate. Stem cells sense and respond to these insoluble biophysical ...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Sun Y,Chen CS,Fu J

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Equilibrium sampling of biomolecules remains an unmet challenge after more than 30 years of atomistic simulation. Efforts to enhance sampling capability, which are reviewed here, range from the development of new algorithms to parallelization to novel uses of hardware. Special focus is placed on classifying algorithms...

journal_title：Annual review of biophysics

authors： Zuckerman DM

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00