Electrochemical degradation of atrazine by BDD anode: Evidence from compound-specific stable isotope analysis and DFT simulations.

Abstract:

:Direct charge transfer (DCT) and •OH attack played important roles in contaminant degradation by BDD electrochemical oxidation. Their separate contributions and potential bond-cleavage processes were required but lacking. Here, we carried out promising compound-specific isotope fractionation analysis (CSIA) to explore 13C and 2H isotope fractionation of atrazine (ATZ), followed by assessing the reaction pathway by BDD anode. The correlation of 2H and 13C fractionation allows to remarkably differentiate DCT process and •OH attack, with Λ values of 18.99 and 53.60, respectively. Radical quenching identified that •OH accounted for 79.0%-88.5% in the whole reaction. While CSIA methods provided biased results, which suggested that ATZ degradation exhibited two stages with •OH contributions of 24.6% and 84.3% respectively, confirming CSIA was more sensitive and provided more possibilities to estimate degradation processes. Combined with Fukui index and intermediate products identification, we deduced that dechlorination-hydroxylation mainly occurred in the first 30 min by DCT reaction. While lateral chain oxidation with C-N broken was the governing route once •OH was largely generated, with the production of DEA (m/z 188), DIA (m/z 174), DEIA (m/z 146) and DEIHA (m/z 128). Our results demonstrated that isotope fractionation can offer "isotopic footprints" for identifying the rate-limiting steps and bond breakage process, and opens new avenues for degradation pathways of contaminants.

journal_name

Chemosphere

journal_title

Chemosphere

authors

Wang T,Huang T,Jiang H,Ma R

doi

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129754

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2021-01-22 00:00:00

pages

129754

eissn

0045-6535

issn

1879-1298

pii

S0045-6535(21)00223-X

journal_volume

273

pub_type

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