Abstract:
:In this paper we first present methods and preliminary results of pilot surveys of "serious" mental retardation (IQ less than or equal to 55); the surveys included screening and diagnostic components and were carried out in the less-developed world. Next we discuss two problems raised by these surveys: one is the diagnosis of a case and its clinical dimensions, and the other is the interpretation of prevalence. In the next section we illustrate epidemiological approaches to the analysis of such data, in particular their relevance to prevention. Lastly, we propose that the two-stage survey approach developed in the course of the pilot work can provide a valuable basis for planning and prevention, if certain key conditions can be met.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Stein Z,Durkin M,Belmont Ldoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb40316.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-01-01 00:00:00pages
8-21eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
477pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This paper discusses the repatriation of human remains to indigenous peoples in Australia and the United States and the role anthropologists play in the construction of past, present, and future identities for contemporary indigenous peoples. Using examples from both countries, I suggest that many of the participants ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The electron microscopical studies presented here show that characteristic morphological alterations in mitochondria are a very early hallmark of the hepatocellular apoptotic program. Before chromatin condensation occurs, the outer mitochondrial membrane is focally disrupted and the inner membrane protrudes through th...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07918.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The observation that murine B-cell populations can contain relatively large numbers of cells that produce IgM with the ability to lyse bromelain-treated mouse erythrocytes (BrMRBC), but not normal untreated MRBC, was made nearly 20 years ago. The major observations regarding the antigen specificity, the cells that pro...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb24635.x
更新日期:1992-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::A decade of research on human embryonic stem cells (ESC) has paved the way for the discovery of alternative approaches to generating pluripotent stem cells. Combinatorial overexpression of a limited number of proteins linked to pluripotency in ESC was recently found to reprogram differentiated somatic cells back to a ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04606.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria can exhibit high levels of resistance to one or more environmental stresses such as temperature, osmolarity, radiation, pH, starvation, as well as resistance to noxious chemicals and antibiotics. Yet evolution has not optimized stress resistance in all bacteria to all stresses. Even within a species like Esch...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1391.003
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The following, from the 12th OESO World Conference: Cancers of the Esophagus, includes commentaries on the animal reflux-inflammation models for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma; genomic/epigenomic analyses; eflornithine-based combinations; the molecular derangements that promote neoplastic transforma...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type:
doi:10.1111/nyas.12529
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accepted dogma has been that a single long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LT-HSC) can reconstitute all components of the immune system. However, our single-cell transfer studies have shown that highly purified LT-HSCs selectively fail to reconstitute B-1a cells in otherwise fully reconstituted hosts (i.e., LT-HSCs ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is currently a procedure that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Thus, the clinical application of this technique is limited to the treatment of life-threatening hematopoietic malignancies. The morbidity and mortality of BMT is mainly related to graft-versus-host disease...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08482.x
更新日期:1999-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously demonstrated that wild-type herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), as well as nonreplicating UV-inactivated HSV-1, promptly activates the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in U937 monocytoid cells and that glycoprotein D (gD) of HSV-1 is sufficient by itself to exert a similar effect. We then investig...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1397.074
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Taking into account that methamphetamine (MA) is a popular recreational drug among young adult women, i.e., in gestational age, the present model aims to assess the effects of its exposure during development. In this experimental model, MA effects are assessed in the rat during the first month of life, regarding both ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08245.x
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to examine changes in muscle cell injury and antioxidant capacity of weightlifters following a 1-week intensive resistance-training regimen. Thirty-six female subjects participated in this study, and their ages ranged from 18 to 25 years. The sample group included 19 elite weightlifters with ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1338.029
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite neuropathological and electrophysiological evidence for the involvement of parahippocampal structures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), little attention has been paid to morphometric changes in these structures, and the relation of these changes to TLE. We performed high-resolution MRI volumetric analysis to ex...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06752.x
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to identify rate and stability of remission induced by low-dose prednisone comedication in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we evaluated patients with early RA (<1 year) who were randomized to receive (P) or not (non-P) low-dose prednisone in association with step-up disease-modifying antirheumatic drug thera...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05367.x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between chaos and quantum mechanics has been somewhat uneasy--even stormy, in the minds of some people. However, much of the confusion may stem from inappropriate comparisons using formal analyses. In contrast, our starting point here is that a complete dynamical description requires a full understand...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1350.026
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data have been presented to document that the human newborn is a conditionable organism. Babies in the first days of life possess sensitivity to stimulation in all sensory modalities, an unconditioned repertoire of responses to some of these sensory stimuli, and a capacity for associating simultaneously presented stim...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48894.x
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantum dots (QDs) are fluorescent nanocrystals that are emerging as fine alternatives to the conventional organic dyes. They have several advantages including greater photostability and a wider range of excitation-emission wavelengths. By using mortalin staining as a model, we initially demonstrated that the QDs are ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1395.040
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we measured the lymphocyte levels of proteins involved in apoptosis regulation, such as Bcl-2, the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), caspase-3, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), either untreated or under therapy with dopaminergic agents (l-Dop...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1299.123
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acanthamoeba castellanii (A. castellanii) is a common soil- or water-borne protozoon that feeds on bacteria by phagocytosis. A. castellanii can grow between 4 and 32 degrees C and has to adapt quickly to chilling in order to survive. We have identified a Delta12-fatty acid desaturase as key to low temperature adaptati...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1391.025
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphotoxin is a protein with a MW of 45,000 daltons derived from activated lymphocytes that kills target cells nonspecifically. Kinetic studies indicate that there is a lag period of about 4 hours before cytotoxicity becomes apparent, even at high concentrations of lymphotoxin. Therefore, the role of lymphotoxin in c...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb47133.x
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The following on molecular mechanisms of Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma contains commentaries on the mechanism of bile and gastric acid induced damage; the roles of BMP-4 and CDX-2 in the development of intestinal metaplasia; the transcription factors driving intestinalization in Barrett's esophagus; the contr...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06062.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many risk factors have been identified as having either a protective or a negative effect on the development of fibroids, but due to methodological issues and a lack of long-term studies, the exact effect of these factors is ambiguous. In similar dispute is the proper treatment of fibroids. Recent technological advanc...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of acid-base interactions during coordinated acinar and duct cell secretion in the exocrine pancreas is described. The sequence of acid-base events may be summarized as follows: (1) Sorting of secretory proteins and membrane components into the regulated secretory pathway of pancreatic acinar cells is trigger...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44066.x
更新日期:1994-03-23 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection is characterized by increased immune cell apoptosis. Apoptosis can be triggered by signals that arise from within the cell, or by signals that are elicited by binding of extracellular "death ligands" to their "death receptors," most of which belong to the tumor nec...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05597.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retrotransposons have generally been known to integrate randomly into host genomes. Jurka, however, showed some consensus sequence patterns at insertion sites of some mammalian retrotransposons and proposed enzymatic involvement that mediates integration. Jurka used about 400 complete human Alu and rodent ID sequences...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08905.x
更新日期:1999-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::Classical swine fever (CSF) is a viral transboundary animal disease that is highly contagious among domestic and wild pigs, such as boars and peccaries. Today, far from being what was classically described historically, the disease is characterized as having a varied clinical picture, and its diagnosis depends on reso...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1307.007
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Beta-carotene acts as an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant depending on the concentrations that cells are treated with. Oxidative DNA damage is related to apoptosis of various cells. Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), a sensor for DNA-damaging agents, activates a variety of effectors in multiple signaling pathways, such ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04711.x
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent controversies in the existence of saturable binding of general anesthetics in brain tissues prompted a careful examination of specific binding of anesthetics to neural receptors. We examined the binding of both local and general anesthetics using electron spin resonance and radioligand criteria. Our results sug...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33897.x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of combined treatment with ribavirin and tiazofurin on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the best characterized animal model for human autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis, was investigated. The disease was induced in highly susceptible Dark Agouti rats with spinal cord homogena...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1342.047
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The key pathologic mechanism in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the destruction of cartilage by fibroblasts. In a severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse model, this process can be modulated by gene transfer using invasive LS48 fibroblasts. This study aims to investigate the effect of interleukins (IL) -11 and -12 o...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1361.070
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relaxin has been validated as a cardiotropic hormone, being produced by the heart and acting on specific heart receptors. Evidence is accumulating that it could hamper the pathophysiologic mechanisms of ischemic heart disease. Time is ripe to study relaxin as a cardiotropic drug, as recombinant human relaxin (hrRLX) i...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1282.063
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00