Abstract：
:Spin adducts are observed when the unfiltered smoke produced during the aerobic pyrolysis of perfluoro polymers (PFP) is bubbled through a solution of the ESR spin trap alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN). The spin adducts include those from an oxy radical and the fluorine atom, and in addition the spin trap is oxidized to PBNOx. The spin adduct of a chlorine atom also is observed, presumably because of chlorine-containing impurities in the polymers. Tetrafluoroethylene is produced during the pyrolysis of PFP; therefore, we subjected tetrafluoroethylene to the same pyrolysis as was used for PFP, and we observe the same series of spin adducts. We suggest that the spin adducts formed from the whole, unfiltered smoke from PFP smoke may result both from free radicals that form during the pyrolysis of PFP and from the oligomerization of the tetrafluoroethylene produced during the pyrolysis. These spin-trapping results support the theory that reactive free radicals are present in PFP smoke and may contribute to PFP smoke toxicity.
journal_name
Chem Res Toxicoljournal_title
Chemical research in toxicologyauthors
Lachocki TM,Nuggehalli SK,Scherer KV,Church DF,Pryor WAdoi
10.1021/tx00009a009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-05-01 00:00:00pages
174-80issue
3eissn
0893-228Xissn
1520-5010journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:DNA nucleobases are the prime targets for chemical modifications by endogenous and exogenous electrophiles. Alkylation of the N7 position of guanine and adenine in DNA triggers base-catalyzed imidazole ring opening and the formation of N5-substituted formamidopyrimidine (N5-R-FAPy) lesions. Me-FAPy-dG adducts induced ...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00392
更新日期：2017-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Faithful replication of DNA is a critical aspect in maintaining genome integrity. DNA polymerases are responsible for replicating DNA, and high-fidelity polymerases do this rapidly and at low error rates. Upon exposure to exogenous or endogenous substances, DNA can become damaged and this can alter the speed and fidel...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00224
更新日期：2017-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Dysregulation in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), single-stranded RNAs which regulate gene expression, has been associated with diseases such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), although their cellular origin has not been explored. Thus, the focus of this work was to study expressi...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00330
更新日期：2018-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Today much is known about cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and their catalytic specificity, but the range of reactions catalyzed by each still continues to surprise. Historically, P450s had been considered to be involved in either the metabolism of xenobiotics or endogenous chemicals, in the former case playing a genera...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00226
更新日期：2017-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The preparation and DNA binding characteristics of a structural analog of Hoechst 33258 bearing two pyridinic nitrogen atoms are described. The 1H NMR signals of the complex formed between the new ligand 1 and decadeoxyribonucleotide d(CATGGCCATG)2 were assigned by employing one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques. In...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx00029a003
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The oxidation state of intracellular chromium has been determined directly in mammalian lung cells exposed to mutagenic and carcinogenic chromium compounds. Microprobe X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) experiments on single V79 Chinese hamster lung cells showed that Cr(VI) and Cr(V) complexes were reduced completely...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx970010m
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure of proteins to radicals in the presence of O(2) brings about multiple changes in the target molecules. These alterations include oxidation of side chains, fragmentation, cross-linking, changes in hydrophobicity and conformation, altered susceptibility to proteolytic enzymes, and formation of new reactive grou...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx0001171
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) catalyzed oxidation of amines has been proposed to proceed via a polar pathway, an initial single-electron transfer pathway and an initial hydrogen atom transfer pathway. Results from previous studies on selected N-cyclopropyl-4-substituted-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives have le...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx960063o
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been implicated in adverse human health effects, including developmental neurotoxicity. Several neurotoxic PCBs are chiral and undergo atropisomeric enrichment in vivo due to atropselective metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Here we study how the liver-specific dele...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00389
更新日期：2019-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:4-Carboxyl-substituted analogues of trans-3'-hydroxycotinine were synthesized to be covalently linked to macromolecules for antibody production. 3-Pyridyl-N-methylnitrone was condensed with dimethyl fumarate to give two isomeric isoxazolidines. Hydrogenolysis of the major product [2RS-(2 alpha,3 alpha,3 beta)]-3-carbo...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx00023a006
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acetaminophen (APAP), a commonly used analgesic, is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes to a toxic intermediate which can be trapped by glutathione. Using this approach, involvement of enzymes in the activation of APAP and their kinetics were studied. With human liver microsomes, there were three apparent Km v...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx00034a019
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study addresses the detection and characterization of the modification of human serum albumin (HSA) by amoxicillin (AX) in ex vivo samples from healthy subjects under oral amoxicillin administration (acute intake of 1 g every 8 h for 48 h). To reach this goal, we used an analytical strategy based on targeted and ...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx500210e
更新日期：2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolism of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) was investigated in five human volunteers given a dietary equivalent of 14C-labeled MeIQx. The amount of the dose excreted in urine ranged from 20.2% to 58.6%, with unmetabolized MeIQx accounting for 0.7-2.8% of the dose. Five principal metabolite...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx9701891
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The wide pH range reported for electronic cigarette (ECIG) liquids indicates that nicotine may be present in one or more chemical forms. The nicotine form affects the bioavailability and delivery of nicotine from inhaled products. Protonated nicotine is normally associated with counteranions in tobacco products. The c...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00090
更新日期：2017-08-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), e.g., benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), possess a bay region comprising an ortho-fused benzene ring. Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP) represents the group of PAHs lacking such a "classic" bay region and hence cannot be metabolically converted like BaP to bay region dihydrodiol epoxid...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx049698a
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In humans and mice, in utero exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is associated with adverse health outcomes later in life. The contribution of preconception exposure to the adverse outcomes in offspring has never been studied. Here combined in utero and postnatal exposures produce insulin resistance in two collaborati...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00107
更新日期：2019-08-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The reduced transcriptomic approach allows full dose range testing of hundreds of chemicals or mixtures using human cells or zebrafish embryos. Points of departure of genes and pathways can be used for potency ranking and to classify chemicals by disrupted biological pathways. ...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00104
更新日期：2018-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolic pathway of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a powerful and specific voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, has not been well-clarified either in TTX-poisoned patients or in puffer fish. 4-S-CysteinylTTX (4-CysTTX) was isolated from the liver of the puffer fish, Fugu pardalis, as the first adduct of TTX with thiol. The...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx050015g
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is considered to be an attractive target for the development of novel anticancer molecules. This paper reports for the first time that a small molecule, antrocin (MW = 234), from Antrodia camphorata was a potent antagonist in various cancer types, being highest in metastatic breast cancer MDA...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx100318m
更新日期：2011-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：:With CO2 present in excess, ONOO- reacts to form an adduct in solution and in the solid state, most likely ONOOCO2-. In solution, the adduct appears within 2 ms and absorbs at 300 with an extinction coefficient, which is either 50% or 100% (preferred) of that of ONOO-, 1.70 × 103 M-1 cm-1, and at 685 nm with an extinc...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00068
更新日期：2018-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Two hemorrhagic proteases, Lachesis hemorrhagic toxins a and b (LHTa and LHTb), were isolated from the venom of Lachesis muta, which is distributed in Central and South America. One protease showed strong hemorrhagic action, while the other showed weak hemorrhagic activity even though the two enzymes are very similar ...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx00006a003
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well-known that aromatic diamino-, dihydroxy-, and amino-hydroxy compounds, with NH(2) and OH groups in ortho- or para-positions relative to each other, are strong skin sensitizers. In this paper, we analyze published potency and cross-reactivity data, whereby animals sensitized to one of these compounds are cha...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx9000336
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peroxynitrite (PN), a very reactive oxidant formed by the combination of superoxide and nitric oxide, appears to play a role in producing tissue damage in a number of inflammatory conditions. Pharmacological scavenging and decomposition of PN within these areas has therapeutic value in several tissue injury models. Re...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx990159t
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By using a combination of biochemical methods (i.e., endoglycosidase H digestion and immunoblot and plant lectin binding studies), it was verified that pig flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO1) was N-glycosylated. By using mass spectrometry approaches [i.e., peptide mapping, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, micr...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx980117p
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quinones represent a class of toxicological intermediates which can create a variety of hazardous effects in vivo, including acute cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. The mechanisms by which quinones cause these effects can be quite complex. Quinones are Michael acceptors, and cellular damage can occur t...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1021/tx9902082
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:On the basis of a large number of reports concerning the detection of lipid peroxidation products as biomarkers in human diseases, there is no doubt that their steady-state levels increase under pathophysiological states associated with oxidative stress. The key question is whether they play any causative roles. This ...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx600304n
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative stress is a commonly cited mechanism of toxicity of environmental agents. Ubiquitous environmental chemicals such as the diesel exhaust component 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) induce oxidative stress by redox cycling, which generates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cysteinyl thiolate residues on regulatory proteins ...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00424
更新日期：2015-12-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Iron (Fe) chelation therapy was initially designed to alleviate the toxic effects of excess Fe evident in Fe-overload diseases. However, the novel toxicological properties of some Fe chelator-metal complexes have shifted appreciable focus to their application in cancer chemotherapy. Redox-inactive Fe chelator complexe...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx700039c
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:3'-Hydroxyacetanilide (AMAP) is a nonhepatotoxic regioisomer of acetaminophen (APAP) that nonetheless does form reactive metabolites which bind to hepatic proteins. Because differences in the nature of reactive metabolites formed from AMAP and APAP may explain differences in their propensity to cause hepatotoxicity, c...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx00007a007
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug-induced myocardial infarction (DIMI) is one of the most serious adverse drug effects that often lead to death. Therefore, the identification of DIMI at the early stages of drug development is essential. For this purpose, the in vitro testing and in silico prediction of interactions between drug-like substances an...
journal_title：Chemical research in toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/tx500147d
更新日期：2014-07-21 00:00:00
