Normal table of embryonic development in the four-toed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum.

Abstract:

:We present a complete staging table of normal development for the lungless salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum (Caudata: Plethodontidae). Terrestrial egg clutches from naturally ovipositing females were collected and maintained at 15 °C in the laboratory. Observations, photographs, and time-lapse movies of embryos were taken throughout the 45-day embryonic period. The complete normal table of development for H. scutatum is divided into 28 stages and extends previous analyses of H. scutatum embryonic development (Bishop, 1920; Humphrey, 1928). Early embryonic stage classifications through neurulation reflect criteria described for Xenopus laevis, Ambystoma maculatum and other salamanders. Later embryonic stage assignments are based on unique features of H. scutatum embryos. Additionally, we provide morphological analysis of gastrulation and neurulation, as well as details on external aspects of eye, gill, limb, pigmentation, and tail development to support future research related to phylogeny, comparative embryology, and molecular mechanisms of development.

journal_name

Mech Dev

authors

Hurney CA,Babcock SK,Shook DR,Pelletier TM,Turner SD,Maturo J,Cogbill S,Snow MC,Kinch K

doi

10.1016/j.mod.2014.12.007

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-05-01 00:00:00

pages

99-110

eissn

0925-4773

issn

1872-6356

pii

S0925-4773(15)00017-9

journal_volume

136

pub_type

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