Abstract:
:An "adnexal mass" is a common specimen encountered in the daily pathology practice. Although most are benign, the incidence of malignancy increases with age, and approximately 30% are malignant in postmenopausal females. Herein we describe the salient macroscopic and microscopic features of the most prevalent adnexal masses. The entities are separated based on patients' age into premenopausal and postmenopausal, with further subdivision into non-neoplastic lesions, benign and malignant neoplasms, and those of uncertain behavior. For each entity, a brief differential diagnosis is discussed and for the malignant neoplasms, tables highlighting the key immunohistochemical differences that may be helpful are provided.
journal_name
Clin Obstet Gynecoljournal_title
Clinical obstetrics and gynecologyauthors
Bennett JA,Oliva Edoi
10.1097/GRF.0000000000000082subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-03-01 00:00:00pages
3-27issue
1eissn
0009-9201issn
1532-5520pii
00003081-201503000-00003journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Current findings continue to support the concept of a biologically defective decidua rather than a primarily abnormally invasive trophoblast. Prior cesarean sections increase the risk of placenta previa and both adherent and invasive placenta accreta, suggesting that the endometrial/decidual defect following the iatro...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000392
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethics in reproductive genetics comprise descriptive ethics and normative ethics. Ethical problems before prenatal diagnosis involve genetic counseling and informed consent for the choice patients must make. Prenatal diagnosis using amniocentesis is controversial. An international survey of geneticists showed that ...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003081-199212000-00009
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries at the time of vaginal hysterectomy is a skill that must be acquired if one is to be a competent vaginal surgeon. Various techniques have been described and will be reviewed in this chapter. A single technique or series of steps often must be modified depending on the descent...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181ce87fc
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physicians caring for women with diseases of the breast are well aware of the time lost before many patients consult their physicians. Nowhere is this more apparent than when a breast mass is associated with gestation or lactation. Enlargement of the breast tends to obscure parenchymal masses. Those that are found are...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003081-198312000-00010
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using oral agents for induction of labor would reduce the need for repeated vaginal examinations; this is more acceptable to women and could reduce infection rates. A systematic review was conducted of 41 randomized trials comparing oral misoprostol to other induction agents. Oral misoprostol is effective at achieving...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003081-200609000-00023
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists confirm advantages of conventional minimally invasive surgery over laparotomy for benign gynecological procedures; however, adoption remains low for the general gynecologist. A systematic search for gynec...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31822b4998
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prospective studies that begin during pregnancy and follow the mothers and children into adolescence have shown that maternal mental illness during the antenatal and postpartum period can have long-lasting negative consequences on the developing child. The findings from these prospective studies and a discussion of th...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181b52930
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abdominal myomectomy and hysterectomy remain the traditional treatment of large symptomatic uterine myomas. The preoperative indications for abdominal myomectomy or hysterectomy must be clearly evaluated and delineated avoid unnecessary intervention. There appears to be an increasing trend toward expectant management ...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003081-200106000-00024
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Once the decision to perform a hysterectomy has been made, the type and route of hysterectomy must be chosen, and efforts made to accomplish the surgery as safely as possible. Hysterectomy can be performed vaginally, abdominally with laparoscopic or robotic assistance, or open. The main goal of gynecologic surgeons sh...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000283
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last 10 years, expanded preconception carrier screening has become widely available and helps patients/couples make more informed decisions with regard to their reproductive options and facilitates more effective preconception planning, prenatal diagnosis, condition-specific counseling, and condition-specific c...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000437
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endometriosis is a chronic medical condition that affects around 6% to 10% of reproductive age women. Pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility are the most common presenting symptoms. The disease is characterized by estrogen-dependent growth of the endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity. The di...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000292
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a common disorder of pregnancy manifested by pruritus and elevated bile acids. The etiology of cholestasis is poorly understood and management is difficult due to the paucity of data regarding its diagnosis, treatment, and related adverse outcomes. In this article, we review th...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000495
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Today, reproductive surgery has a limited place. In selected cases such as young women with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic adhesions, and endometriosis, surgery could be considered. Most operations can be performed by laparoscopy; these include tubal anastomosis that yields a high pregnancy rate. On ...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181b08b5f
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endometriosis is an enigmatic disease affecting up to 10% of reproductive-aged women causing pain and infertility. Up to 50% of women with endometriosis are infertile, and agreement about treatment options has been difficult to establish. The association between endometriosis and infertility is derived from comparison...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181db7d71
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The application of real-time imaging to the study of fetal morphology and function is an exciting advance. Rapid accurate study of fetal dynamics is possible with this apparently safe, noninvasive technique. Animal studies have revealed the general physiology of fetal breathing movements, which are now under extensive...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003081-197706000-00014
更新日期:1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article will review the basic principles of risk management, the role of the risk manager, and the importance of risk management in the patient safety movement as it pertains to obstetrics and gynecology. Several tools that are used by risk managers including risk assessments and root cause analyses will be used ...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000473
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ovarian neoplasms are common in women of all ages. As many as 10% of women in the United States will undergo surgical removal of an adnexal mass sometime in their lifetime. Gynecologic surgeons have pioneered laparoscopic surgery, developing what was originally a diagnostic tool into a safe and effective approach to m...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003081-200609000-00013
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal mortality is a complex problem requiring complex responses. Nevertheless, every intervention must operate through one of 3 pathways: preventing pregnancy, preventing complications, or preventing death when obstetric complications occur. We describe interventions following each pathway and assess their evidenc...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e3181a4bddb
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In mammalian reproductive physiology, lactation follows pregnancy; growing evidence suggests that disruption of this physiology affects a woman's lifetime risk of metabolic disease. These differences may reflect lactation-induced mobilization of fat stores and modulation of maternal stress reactivity. In addition, con...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000155
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determining which women should undergo dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry testing should be based on rational screening criteria. Screening tests should be simple to perform, readily available, and very sensitive. Clinical risk factors have been proposed by numerous professional societies as a way to screen women for fu...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e3182a99814
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this review was to assist obstetricians and gynecologists in considering the most appropriate conservative treatment option to manage women with placenta accreta spectrum according to their individual need and local expertise of the heath care team. The issue is challenging, as the quality of evidence w...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000395
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The telephone will become the centerpiece of ambulatory care services. As such, a pertinent aspect of office procedures will necessarily include a protocol to manage and document telephone calls. Encourage your office staff to use good telephone manners, as listed in Table 5. The net result should be a reduction in te...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00003081-199809000-00018
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated in the intraepithelial cervical changes that cause most abnormal Papanicolaou smears. To date, 14 types of HPVs have been identified. All are small, nondeveloped, icosahedral DNA viruses that share a common internal antigen. In cases of cervical HPV infection...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003081-198312000-00019
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::One in 1000 pregnancies is complicated with cancer with the most common tumors being breast cancer, cervical cancer, thyroid, leukemia, lymphoma, and ovarian cancer. It is often assumed that cancer during pregnancy necessitates sacrificing the well-being of the fetus but in most cases appropriate treatment can be offe...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e318236e9f9
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of nutrition during pregnancy with regard to pregnancy outcome has long been acknowledged. This importance has only been further emphasized by the recent changes in food quality and availability, lifestyle changes, and a new understanding of fetal programming on adult outcomes. The impact of the recent ...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31816fda53
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) impairs insulin secretion in humans and in animal models of IUGR. Several underlying mechanisms have been implicated, including decreased expression of molecular regulators of β-cell mass and function, in some cases shown to be due to epigenetic changes initiated by an adverse fe...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31829e5b29
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::During pregnancy, women have a 4- to 5-fold increased risk of thromboembolism. Candidates for anticoagulation in pregnancy include women with current thrombosis, a history of thrombosis, risk factors for postpartum thrombosis, and some women with thrombophilia and a history of poor pregnancy outcome. Although, there a...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/GRF.0b013e31825cfe7b
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::More than 1 million abortions are performed annually in the United States. Women presenting for abortion care are often motivated by the pregnancy to use effective contraception; they are also at high risk for repeat unintended pregnancy. For these reasons, abortion represents an optimal time to initiate effective con...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000057
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because it is known that antibiotics given to the mother may reach and affect the fetus, when prescribing antibiotics during pregnancy, one must take into consideration both maternal and fetal well-being. Therapy should be directed toward the maternal disease but also be safe for the fetus. The volume of distribution ...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003081-199312000-00012
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We live in a turbulant period with regard to interpersonal relationships. Individuals place great emphasis on their ability to form good relationships. It is a time of desiring and searching; desiring to be engaged in a rewarding relationship and searching for any principles which might promote such involvement. Obste...
journal_title:Clinical obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003081-197803000-00014
更新日期:1978-03-01 00:00:00