Detection of alterations in testicular and epididymal function in laboratory animals.

Abstract:

:The potential impact of an agent altering male reproductive function is greater for humans than for animals. Consequently, it is essential that sensitive criteria be used to look for effects on a multiplicity of target sites when an agent is evaluated using an animal model. No animal model has reproductive characteristics similar to those of humans, but this does not negate the validity of using animal models. Classic methodologies for reproductive toxicology are limited by the approaches used for subjective evaluation of testicular histology and use of natural mating for fertility tests. After dosing for an interval at least equal to six times the duration of one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, sperm from ejaculated semen or the cauda epididymidis can be evaluated for normalcy of morphology or function and should be used for artificial insemination of females to critically evaluate fertility. Normal males of animal models ejaculate a great excess of sperm. A 50 or 90% reduction in the number of fertile sperm deposited during mating probably will not markedly reduce fertility. Artificial insemination of a critical number of sperm, selected to result in slightly less than maximal fertility for control animals, will maximize the probability of detecting a decrease in fertility if the same critical number of sperm is inseminated for treated animals as for control animals. Testicular function should be evaluated by objective, rather than subjective, criteria. For each male, a piece of testicular tissue should be appropriately fixed and an aliquot of parenchyma should be homogenized to allow enumeration of homogenization-resistant spermatids. Among the more sensitive criteria of testicular function are the minor diameter of essentially round seminiferous tubules, the ratio of leptotene spermatocytes to Sertoli cells, the corrected numbers of germ cells per seminiferous tubule cross section, and the number of homogenization-resistant spermatids per testis.

authors

Amann RP

doi

10.1289/ehp.8670149

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1986-12-01 00:00:00

pages

149-58

eissn

0091-6765

issn

1552-9924

journal_volume

70

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Alveolar macrophage kinetics after inhalation of 239PuO2 by CBA/Ca mice: changes in synthesis of DNA.

    abstract::For workers in the nuclear industry, the primary route for the entry of radioactive materials into the body is by inhalation, and the rate of clearance of particles from the pulmonary region of the lung is an important factor in determining radiation dose. It is the function of alveolar macrophages (AM) to maintain th...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.929769

    authors: Kellington JP,Gibson K,Buckle TM,Talbot RJ,Hornby SB

    更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00

  • Effects on the immune system associated with living near a pesticide dump site.

    abstract::In this paper, we report results of the second phase of a larger study designed to evaluate the effects on the immune system of living near a Superfund site containing organochlorine pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and metals. Phase II was conducted to determine whether living near the site, consisting of six ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.001081113

    authors: Vine MF,Stein L,Weigle K,Schroeder J,Degnan D,Tse CK,Hanchette C,Backer L

    更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00

  • Climate and dengue transmission: evidence and implications.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Climate influences dengue ecology by affecting vector dynamics, agent development, and mosquito/human interactions. Although these relationships are known, the impact climate change will have on transmission is unclear. Climate-driven statistical and process-based models are being used to refine our knowledg...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.1306556

    authors: Morin CW,Comrie AC,Ernst K

    更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00

  • Variability in aflatoxin-albumin adduct levels and effects of hepatitis B and C virus infection and glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genotype.

    abstract::Exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), an important cofactor in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan, is influenced by dietary and other factors. The present study examined the intraindividual variability in AFB1-albumin adducts, the most reliable long-term biomarker of AFB1 exposure, and whether the baseline ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.01109833

    authors: Ahsan H,Wang LY,Chen CJ,Tsai WY,Santella RM

    更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00

  • Polybrominated biphenyls in model and environmentally contaminated human blood: protein binding and immunotoxicological studies.

    abstract::A review and summary is given of analytical, biochemical, and immunological studies made following an immunodiagnostic investigation which revealed significant decreases in the numbers, and changes in the functional integrity, of both T-and B-lymphocytes in a group of Michigan dairy farmers exposed to polybrominated b...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.8560107

    authors: Roboz J,Greaves J,Bekesi JG

    更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00

  • Lung tumorigenic interactions in strain A/J mice of five environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

    abstract::The binary, ternary, quaternary, and quintary interactions of a five-component mixture of carcinogenic environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using response surface analyses are described. Initially, lung tumor dose-response curves in strain A/J mice for each of the individual PAHs benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s61337

    authors: Nesnow S,Mass MJ,Ross JA,Galati AJ,Lambert GR,Gennings C,Carter WH Jr,Stoner GD

    更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00

  • DNA damage associated with ultrastructural alterations in rat myocardium after loud noise exposure.

    abstract::Noise exposure causes changes at different levels in human organs, particularly the cardiovascular system, where it is responsible for increasing heart rate, peripheral vascular resistance, and blood pressure. In this study, we evaluated the effect of noise exposure on DNA integrity and ultrastructure of rat cardiomyo...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.5847

    authors: Lenzi P,Frenzilli G,Gesi M,Ferrucci M,Lazzeri G,Fornai F,Nigro M

    更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00

  • Possibilities of detecting health effects by studies of populations exposed to chemicals from waste disposal sites.

    abstract::Factors affecting the design of an epidemiologic study assessing possible health effects from chemical waste disposal sites are reviewed. Such epidemiologic studies will most likely be prompted either by a known release of chemicals into the environment around the site, or by an unusual disease cluster in a population...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.8562423

    authors: Buffler PA,Crane M,Key MM

    更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00

  • The role of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen as a tumor-associated molecule.

    abstract::The Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (Gal-GalNAc) represents a tumor-associated molecule, which is assumed to be one of the few chemically well-defined antigens with a proven association with malignancy. In order to analyze the role of the carbohydrate structure Gal-GalNAc for gastrointestinal tumors, we immunized Balb/c ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.9088255

    authors: Dippold W,Steinborn A,Meyer zum Büschenfelde KH

    更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00

  • Neurochemistry and toxicology: overview.

    abstract::We have witnessed a tremendous increase in our knowledge of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms which underly the activities of the nervous system. Such knowledge is essential in order to determine the basic mechanisms involved in neurotoxic events. An overview of how neurotoxins could conceivably interfere with ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.7826121

    authors: Damstra T

    更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00

  • Carcinogenicity of airborne combustion products observed in subcutaneous tissue and lungs of laboratory rodents.

    abstract::Most air pollution in West Germany is caused by combustion products. Particulate organic matter released by incomplete combustion is suspected to contribute to the "urban factor" of lung cancer frequency in urban-industrial centers. The carcinogenic potential of single components, groups of compounds and total source ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.8347293

    authors: Pott F,Stöber W

    更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00

  • Role of biopersistence in the pathogenicity of man-made fibers and methods for evaluating biopersistence: a summary of two round-table discussions.

    abstract::This paper summarizes two roundtable discussions held at the conclusion of the International Conference on Biopersistence of Respirable Synthetic Fibres and Minerals. The first round table addressed the role of biopersistence in the pathogenicity of fiber-induced disease. The panel included T. W. Hesterberg (Chairman)...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s5277

    authors: McClellan RO,Hesterberg TW

    更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00

  • Variation in DNA-Damage Responses to an Inhalational Carcinogen (1,3-Butadiene) in Relation to Strain-Specific Differences in Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Transcription Profiles in C57BL/6J and CAST/EiJ Mice.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The damaging effects of exposure to environmental toxicants differentially affect genetically distinct individuals, but the mechanisms contributing to these differences are poorly understood. Genetic variation affects the establishment of the gene regulatory landscape and thus gene expression, and we hypothe...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/EHP1937

    authors: Chappell GA,Israel JW,Simon JM,Pott S,Safi A,Eklund K,Sexton KG,Bodnar W,Lieb JD,Crawford GE,Rusyn I,Furey TS

    更新日期:2017-10-16 00:00:00

  • Association of PAH-DNA adducts in peripheral white blood cells with dietary exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons.

    abstract::Previous investigations suggest that dietary sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contribute to the PAH-DNA adduct load in peripheral white blood cells (WBCs). In the current study, we measured PAH-DNA adducts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in WBCs obtained from 47 California wildland (forest) fire...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.9399265

    authors: Rothman N,Poirier MC,Haas RA,Correa-Villasenor A,Ford P,Hansen JA,O'Toole T,Strickland PT

    更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00

  • Poultry Consumption and Arsenic Exposure in the U.S. Population.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Arsenicals (roxarsone and nitarsone) used in poultry production likely increase inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and roxarsone or nitarsone concentrations in poultry meat. However, the association between poultry intake and exposure to these arsenic species, ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/EHP351

    authors: Nigra AE,Nachman KE,Love DC,Grau-Perez M,Navas-Acien A

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • Proliferative lesions of the exocrine pancreas in male F344/N rats.

    abstract::While the rat pancreas is susceptible to experimental cancer induction, the spontaneous incidence of pancreatic cancer in this species is reported to be very low. However, we observed unusually high incidences of focal acinar hyperplasia and acinar adenoma in vehicle control male F344/N rats of some NCI/NTP 2-year tox...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.8456213

    authors: Boorman GA,Eustis SL

    更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00

  • Normal and abnormal intestinal absorption by humans.

    abstract::Adults eating a Western diet digest and absorb ingested food containing approximately 100 g fat, 350 g carbohydrate, and 75 g protein daily. Normal fat absorption requires adequate gastric, pancreatic, liver-biliary, mucosal, and lymphatic function. Carbohydrate and protein absorption is much less dependent on liver-b...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.7933101

    authors: Heizer WD

    更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of inhalation of acidic compounds on pulmonary function in allergic adolescent subjects.

    abstract::There is concern about the human health effects of inhalation of acid compounds found in urban air pollution. It was the purpose of this study to investigate three of these acid compounds, sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3) in a group of allergic adolescent subjects. Subjects were expo...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.8979173

    authors: Koenig JQ,Covert DS,Pierson WE

    更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00

  • Regulation and patterns of endogenous and exogenous gene expression during differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells.

    abstract::Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells offer an interesting model system for evaluating differentiation because the cells are pluripotent, thus resembling germ cells and embryonic stem cells, and because a number of agents have been defined that are capable of promoting the differentiation of these cells. This chapter examine...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.898025

    authors: Astigiano S,Sherman MI,Abarzúa P

    更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00

  • Surface and bulk infrared modes of crystalline and amorphous silica particles: a study of the relation of surface structure to cytotoxicity of respirable silica.

    abstract::Surface IR (infrared) modes of crystalline and fumed (amorphous) silica particles, calcined at temperatures up to 1095 degrees C, have been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ability of these same particles to lyse cells has been measured by a hemolysis protocol. The untreated crystalline and amor...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.9086327

    authors: Pandurangi RS,Seehra MS,Razzaboni BL,Bolsaitis P

    更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00

  • Conference on health consequences of environmental controls: impact of mobile emissions controls. Conference objectives.

    abstract::The past and current EPA research and regulatory programs as they relate to non-regulated emissions from light-duty motor vehicles are reviewed. Provisions of Sections 202(a) and 211 of the 1970 Clean Air Act Amendments are discussed and their relationships to the nonregulated emissions issue detailed. The EPA positio...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.75105

    authors: Moran JB

    更新日期:1975-04-01 00:00:00

  • Use of biomonitoring data to evaluate methyl eugenol exposure.

    abstract::Methyl eugenol is a naturally occurring material found in a variety of food sources, including spices, oils, and nutritionally important foods such as bananas and oranges. Given its natural occurrence, a broad cross-section of the population is likely exposed. The availability of biomonitoring and toxicology data offe...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.9057

    authors: Robison SH,Barr DB

    更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of cigarette smoking on metabolic events in the lung.

    abstract::Nicotine and cigarette smoke extract show acute physiological effects: increasing tracheal pressure (PTR), pulmonary artery pressure (PPA), systemic blood pressure (PSYST), and left atrium pressure (PLA); and decreasing cardiac output (QAORTA) and blood flow to the left lower lobe (QLLL). In addition, cigarette smokin...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1289/ehp.8772283

    authors: Kitamura S

    更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00

  • Cytotoxic action of mineral dusts on CHV 79 cells in vitro: factors affecting toxicity.

    abstract::The cytotoxic action of a series of mineral dusts has been studied using Chinese hamster V79-4 cells obtained from three separate laboratories in the UK. The dusts which have been studied include samples of asbestos from the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer reference series and an internationally available sample...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.8351189

    authors: Lock SO,Chamberlain M

    更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00

  • The developing brain and the environment: an introduction.

    abstract::mental retardation: timing and thresholds; (italic)b(/italic)) endocrine dysfunction and developmental disabilities: dose and target implications; (italic)c(/italic)) attention-deficit disorder-ADHD and learning disabilities; and (italic)d(/italic)) new horizons: extending the boundaries. Support for the Rochester con...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s3373

    authors: Weiss B,Landrigan PJ

    更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00

  • A unique co-culture model for fundamental and applied studies of human fetoplacental steroidogenesis and interference by environmental chemicals.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Experimental tools for studying the complex steroidogenic interactions that occur between placenta and fetus during human pregnancy are extremely limited. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to develop a co-culture model to study steroidogenesis by the human fetoplacental unit and its disruption by exposure to environmenta...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.1307518

    authors: Hudon Thibeault AA,Deroy K,Vaillancourt C,Sanderson JT

    更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00

  • Assessing uncertainty in spatial exposure models for air pollution health effects assessment.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Although numerous epidemiologic studies now use models of intraurban exposure, there has been little systematic evaluation of the performance of different models. OBJECTIVES:In this present article we proposed a modeling framework for assessing exposure model performance and the role of spatial autocorrelat...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.9849

    authors: Molitor J,Jerrett M,Chang CC,Molitor NT,Gauderman J,Berhane K,McConnell R,Lurmann F,Wu J,Winer A,Thomas D

    更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00

  • Atmospheric Dust, Early Cases, and Localized Meningitis Epidemics in the African Meningitis Belt: An Analysis Using High Spatial Resolution Data.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Bacterial meningitis causes a high burden of disease in the African meningitis belt, with regular seasonal hyperendemicity and sporadic short, but intense, localized epidemics during the late dry season occurring at a small spatial scale [i.e., below the district level, in individual health centers (HCs)]. I...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/EHP2752

    authors: Woringer M,Martiny N,Porgho S,Bicaba BW,Bar-Hen A,Mueller JE

    更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00

  • The Florence Statement on Triclosan and Triclocarban.

    abstract::The Florence Statement on Triclosan and Triclocarban documents a consensus of more than 200 scientists and medical professionals on the hazards of and lack of demonstrated benefit from common uses of triclosan and triclocarban. These chemicals may be used in thousands of personal care and consumer products as well as ...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/EHP1788

    authors: Halden RU,Lindeman AE,Aiello AE,Andrews D,Arnold WA,Fair P,Fuoco RE,Geer LA,Johnson PI,Lohmann R,McNeill K,Sacks VP,Schettler T,Weber R,Zoeller RT,Blum A

    更新日期:2017-06-20 00:00:00

  • Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor polymorphism: development of new methods to correlate genotype with phenotype.

    abstract::Differential CYP1A1 inducibility, reflecting variations in aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) affinity among inbred mouse strains, is an important determinant of environmental toxicity. We took advantage of the Ahr polymorphism in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice to develop an oligonucleotide-hybridization screening approach f...

    journal_title:Environmental health perspectives

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1289/ehp.106-1533118

    authors: Maier A,Micka J,Miller K,Denko T,Chang CY,Nebert DW,Alvaro Puga

    更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00