Abstract:
:The discovery of the potent mutagenicity of AF-2, which was once used in Japan as a food preservative, has exerted a great influence not only on screening procedures for carcinogenic compounds but also on legislative approaches to mutagenic substances. It promoted the synthesis of exceedingly sensitive and reliable tester strains in Salmonella and supported the hypothesis of a common mechanism between mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Thus preliminary screening for carcinogenic substances has become feasible using mutagenicity as an index. It also contributed greatly to the formulation of legislative measures for chemical substances which for the first time gave due attention to mutagenicity. Furthermore, the exposure of a large population to such a potent mutagen raised a question as to what extent the genetic constitution of the Japanese population might have been damaged. This suggested that urgent need for a system to monitor the total genetic damage to a human genome.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Tazima Ydoi
10.1289/ehp.7929183subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-04-01 00:00:00pages
183-7eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Reported associations between gestational tobacco exposure and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE:We estimated the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ASDs among children 8 years of age. METHODS:This population-based case-cohort study included 633,989 c...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104556
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Environmental air pollutants are inhaled as complex mixtures, but the long dominant focus of monitoring and research on individual pollutants has provided modest insight into pollutant interactions that may be important to health. Trends toward managing multiple pollutants to maximize aggregate health gains ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.11654
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The presence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments and in drinking water has prompted significant public interest regarding potential adverse ecological effects and risks to human health. OBJECTIVES:The Environmental Health Summit held in North Carolina, 10-11 November 2008, explored the issues associa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901532
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lead exposure is associated with elevated blood pressure during pregnancy; however, the magnitude of this relationship at low exposure levels is unclear. OBJECTIVES:Our goal was to determine the association between low-level lead exposure and blood pressure during late pregnancy. METHODS:We collected admis...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002666
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Minority populations face a wide variety of economic, institutional, and cultural barriers to health care. These barriers and low levels of education and income pose significant challenges for health professionals in developing cancer research and prevention-control strategies. It is suggested that specific segments o...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s8287
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of urban dust as a source of lead for young children is still disputed. Although blood-lead data from various population surveys usually show a peak concentration in early childhood, there is evidence that such a peak is small or absent altogether in children without much access to the general environme...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8350371
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impairment of any of the major components of the immune system (T-cells, B-cells phagocytes, complement) may result in clinical immunodeficiency. Immune defects can arise from intrinsic or heritable defects of lymphoid elements, failure of normal cellular differentiation, viral infection or other acquired causes. Clin...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.82439
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:According to the 2007 National Research Council report Toxicology for the Twenty-First Century, modern methods (e.g., "omics," in vitro assays, high-throughput testing, computational methods) will lead to the emergence of a new approach to toxicology. The Salmonella mammalian microsome mutagenicity assay has...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.1002336
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pterygium is a fibrovascular growth of the bulbar conjunctiva and underlying subconjunctival tissue that may cause blindness. The mechanism of pterygium formation is not yet fully understood, but pterygium has some tumorlike features. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to evaluate the association be...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11111
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or methylmercury (MeHg) can result in a variety of neurotoxic effects, including long-term auditory deficits. However, little is known about the effects of combined exposure to PCBs and MeHg on auditory function. OBJECTIVE:We developmentally exposed...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800428
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) conducts a variety of surveys designed to provide cross-sectional estimates of the prevalence of various factors measuring the health of Americans. When these cross-sectional estimates are put together and plotted over time, they provide a picture of the trends in the h...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8562267
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is an increasing interest in the development and validation of biomarkers for use in biochemical/molecular epidemiological studies. Though the area of neurotoxicology has received much attention in the past several years, it still lags behind with regard to the development of biomarkers, particularly those of he...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.96104s155
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of rampant concern that estrogenic chemicals in the environment may be adversely affecting the health of humans and wildlife, reliable methods for detecting and characterizing estrogenic chemicals are needed. It is important that general agreement be reached on which tests to use and that these tests then be a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.961041296
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may contribute to premature mortality, but few studies to date have addressed this topic. OBJECTIVES:In this study we assessed the association between TRAP and mortality in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. METHODS:We collected nitrogen dioxide samples over ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11533
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that can accumulate in the placenta during pregnancy, where it may impair placental function and affect fetal development. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to investigate Cd-associated variations in placental DNA methylation (DNAM) and associations with gene expression...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP2192
更新日期:2018-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::The unique nonrespiratory functions of the lungs have become more apparent in recent years. The isolated perfused lung model offers many advantages over other methods for the study of pulmonary metabolism, xenobiotic disposition and the influence of interactions among agents of different physical forms. Detailed descr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.845635
更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years there has been an increasing focus in environmental risk assessment on children as a potentially susceptible population. There also has been growing recognition of the need for a systematic approach for organizing, evaluating, and incorporating the available data on children's susceptibilities in risk ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.6182
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the knowledge of high risk groups in the standard-setting process is examined. The overall conclusion is that many potential high risk segments of the population have not been studied adequately and that this deficiency in our knowledge markedly reduces the ability of decision makers to derive appropriate ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8352257
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Psychological sequelae are among the most pronounced effects in populations following exposure to oil spills. Women in particular represent a vulnerable yet influential population but have remained relatively understudied with respect to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DHOS). OBJECTIVE:To describe the rela...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP167
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The problems of quantitating chrysotile in water by fiber count techniques are reviewed briefly and the use of mass quantitation is suggested as a preferable measure. Chrysotile fiber has been found in almost every sample of natural water examined, but generally transmission electron miscroscopy (TEM) is required beca...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.749161
更新日期:1974-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we explored the efficacy of upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) in reducing the concentration of Serratia marcescens and Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) aerosols in enclosed places. We constructed a facility (4.5 m x 3 m x 2.9 m) in which both ceiling- and wall-mounted...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0211095
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent findings suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy may play a role in the development of metabolic alterations in offspring during childhood. However, whether such exposure increases the risk of developing similar metabolic alterations during adulthood is uncertain. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated the as...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104563
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of questionnaires to predict children's exposure to pesticides was examined as part of the Minnesota Children's Pesticide Exposure Study (MNCPES). The MNCPES focused on a probability sample of 102 children between the ages of 3 and 13 years living in either urban (Minneapolis and St. Paul, MN) or nonurban ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5823
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to indoor air pollutants such as tobacco smoke and dust mites may exacerbate childhood asthma. Environmental interventions to reduce exposures to these pollutants can help prevent exacerbations of the disease. Among the most important interventions is the elimination of environmental tobacco smoke from the en...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s655
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a result of the Leadership Conference on Biomedical Research and the Environment, the Facilities Committee focused its work on the development of best environmental practices at biomedical research facilities at the university and independent research facility level as well as consideration of potential involvement...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s6945
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biomedical developments in the 21st century provide an unprecedented opportunity to gain a dynamic systems-level and human-specific understanding of the causes and pathophysiologies of disease. This understanding is a vital need, in view of continuing failures in health research, drug discovery, and clinical translati...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1510345
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most air pollution in West Germany is caused by combustion products. Particulate organic matter released by incomplete combustion is suspected to contribute to the "urban factor" of lung cancer frequency in urban-industrial centers. The carcinogenic potential of single components, groups of compounds and total source ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8347293
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is general concern that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) found in the environment, wildlife, food, water, house dust, human tissues, and fluids may alter normal human physiologic activities (e.g., fetal development, immune and endocrine systems). Although the levels of some POPs [polychlorinated bi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800205
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are important environmental contaminants, and their toxicity to wildlife and humans are of major concern. PCBs form persistent and abundant metabolites, PCB methyl sulfones, that accumulate in biota. We now report that certain hydroxylated PCB metabolites show a strong and selective ac...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102464
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic exposure to arsenic (As), a human toxicant and carcinogen, remains a global public health problem. Health risks persist after As exposure has ended, suggesting epigenetic dysregulation as a mechanistic link between exposure and health outcomes. OBJECTIVES:We investigated the association between tota...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP6263
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00