Evaluation of specific humoral and cellular immune responses against the major capsid L1 protein of cutaneous wart-associated alpha-Papillomaviruses in solid organ transplant recipients.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Infection with different species of cutaneous human papillomaviruses (cHPV) of genus alpha (cαHPVs) and associated skin disease are highly prevalent in solid organ transplant recipients (OTR), documenting the importance of the immunological control of HPV infection. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the natural course of cαHPV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses during systemic long-term immunosuppression. METHODS:Integrating bead-based multiplex serology and flow cytometry we analyzed natural cαHPV-specific antibodies and T(H) cell responses against the major capsid protein L1 of HPV types 2, 27, 57 (species 4) and 3, 10 and 77 (species 2) in sera and blood of OTR before and after initiation of iatrogenic immunosuppression and in comparison to immunocompetent individuals (IC). RESULTS:Among OTR we observed an overall 42% decrease in humoral L1-specific immune responses during the course of iatrogenic immunosuppression, comparing median values 30 d before and 30 d after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy (p < 0.05). This difference disappeared after long-term (>1 year) immunosuppression. The predominant cellular L1-specific immune response was of type T(H)1 (CD4(+)CD40L(+)IL-2(+)IFN-γ(+)). Consistent with the detected L1-specific antibody titers, L1-specific T(H)1 responses were unchanged in long-term immunosuppressed OTR compared to IC. Notably, cαHPV-L1-specific IL-2(+)/CD40L(+)CD4(+) or IFN-γ(+)/CD40L(+) CD4(+) T(H) cell responses against any of the cαHPV-L1 types were significantly higher in OTR with clinically apparent common warts. CONCLUSION:The systemic humoral immune response against cαHPV may reflect the individual degree of iatrogenic immunosuppression indicating a higher susceptibility for cαHPV infection among OTR during the early phase after organ transplantation. Humoral cαHPV-specific immune responses may show a reconstitution to pre-transplantation levels despite continuous potent immunosuppression.

journal_name

J Dermatol Sci

authors

Gaiser MR,Textor S,Senger T,Schädlich L,Waterboer T,Kaufmann AM,Süsal C,Pawlita M,Enk AH,Gissmann L,Lonsdorf AS

doi

10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.11.002

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-01-01 00:00:00

pages

37-45

issue

1

eissn

0923-1811

issn

1873-569X

pii

S0923-1811(14)00255-2

journal_volume

77

pub_type

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