Abstract:
:Step-through and exit latencies in the light-dark box test were used to examine the effects of unconditioned exploration, the physical characteristics of the apparatus and detention on passive and active avoidance. Experiment 1, in which the subjects (Ss) received inescapable shocks in the dark chamber, shows that omission of the free exploration of the apparatus does not significantly affect acquisition and retention of either of the learned responses. Further, passive avoidance, compared with active avoidance is, by far, the better consolidated response. Experiment 2, which is the reverse of Experiment 1, (the dark chamber becomes the safe box, and the punishments are administered in the light chamber) emphasizes the role played by the physical characteristics of the two chambers of the apparatus. This role is shown by the improvement of the active avoidance response. Experiment 3 confirms the importance of detention in influencing the behavior of conditioned and control Ss. These results underscore the basic differences of active and passive avoidance responses.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Ambrogi Lorenzini C,Bucherelli C,Giachetti Adoi
10.1016/0031-9384(86)90080-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-01-01 00:00:00pages
97-101issue
1eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
0031-9384(86)90080-6journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The interaction of sucrose availability and oral self-administration of amphetamine was examined in 23 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Fourteen rats were given a 0.075 mg/ml amphetamine sulfate solution as their sole source of fluid and 9 rats were given water. Feeding conditions were alternated between weeks with both gran...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(88)90312-5
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were chronically maintained on an ethanol liquid diet for 16 days. Three weeks after cessation of ethanol intake, animals were tested for the acquisition of shuttle box avoidance and the retention of passive avoidance behaviour. Alcohol consuming rats showed a significant impairment of acquisition in the shuttle ...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(85)90099-x
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, a hormone-simulated pregnancy (HSP), and the subsequent 'postpartum' withdrawal in estradiol has been shown to precipitate depressive-like behaviours in the forced swim test in female rats. In this study, we used the HSP and 'postpartum' withdrawal to investigate the impact on sucrose consumption, a model ...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.020
更新日期:2009-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::In these experiments we determined whether stress influenced intake of different flavored test solutions or only those that were preferred. In a series of studies, rats or hamsters were exposed to acute (1 h) or repeated (3 h/day for 3 days) restraint stress immediately followed by access to one of four tastants (sacc...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00223-6
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery might modify the gut microbiota composition differently in the three distinct anatomical sections of the small intestine compared to sham surgery. We showed that RYGB induced changes in the microbiota of the alimentary limb and the common channel resembling those seen after preb...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.06.008
更新日期:2013-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of FFA-mobilizing areas in the rabbit central nervous system was investigated by injecting minute amounts of 2-deoxyglucose, glucose or insulin directly into the cerebrospinal fluid of conscious, unrestrained rabbits. Intracerebroventricular administration of minute amounts (10 mg) of deoxyglucose to fed ...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(90)90109-h
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated differences in the cortisol response of fish at different developmental stages after exposure to an acute stressor. Three experiments using 126 fish each were performed using 3 different age groups of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen): fingerlings at 60 days of age, juveniles at 180 days, and adults at 3...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.01.013
更新日期:2012-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::During later life sleep depth (slow-wave sleep, SWS) and maintenance exhibit deleterious changes, with possible negative effects on daytime function. This study assessed the effect of chronic, supervised exercise on sleep using laboratory-based polysomnography (PSG) and repeated measures in older adults. Thirteen men ...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.031
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute exercise evokes an almost instantaneous lymphocytosis, followed by sustained lymphopenia that occurs within just 30-60 min after exercise cessation. The aim of this study was to characterize the immediate (order of minutes) post-exercise kinetics of lymphocyte and monocyte egress, and to determine whether this e...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.008
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite many previous studies on stiffness perception, few have investigated the exploratory procedures involved. This study evaluated whether stiffness range influences pressing movements and perception of force and displacement during stiffness discrimination tasks. Force and displacement data were obtained from 30 ...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.022
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult male rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 1.0 microgram/kg amylin at the beginning of the dark phase in 24 h food deprived or undeprived rats, and a computerized system measured feeding behavior. In food deprived rats, amylin reduced the size of the first postdeprivation meal without affecting intram...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02067-5
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work evaluated the effects of moderate physical exercise performed under hypoxic conditions on melatonin and sleep. Forty healthy men were randomized into four groups: Normoxia (N) (n = 10); Hypoxia (H) (n = 10); Exercise under Normoxia (EN) (n = 10); and Exercise under Hypoxia (EH) (n = 10). The observation peri...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.08.016
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were taught a conditioned taste aversion by allowing them to drink sucrose (CS) for 5 min and 30 min later poisoning them with LiCl (UCS). Experimental animals were given ECS (80 mA for 250 msec) at 0, 15, 20, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35, 40, or 45 min after the CS. Only animals given ECS both within the CS-UCS interv...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(82)90252-9
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of the molecular mechanisms underlying the circadian clock, which functions in virtually every cell throughout the body to coordinate biological processes to anticipate and better adapt to daily rhythmic changes in the environment, is one of the major biomedical breakthroughs in the 20th century. Twenty ...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.017
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human participants judged the pungency of various concentrations of carbon dioxide presented to one nostril, the other nostril, or both (dichorhinic stimulation). Perceived magnitude grew sharply with concentration over the range explored. The combinatorial rule of bilateral integration followed the Pythagorean theore...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(82)90025-7
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats with medial frontal cortical lesions (MFC) and control animals with sham operations were tested on an ascending series of 8 DRL schedules of reinforcement ranging from 5 to 70 seconds. Rats with MFC lesions did not differ from the control group in performance when response rate, responses per reinforcement and ef...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(87)90405-7
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article describes pleasant IAPS pictures that elicit low-arousal rather than the high-arousal physiological responses previously reported in the literature. Thirty-two International Affective Picture System (IAPS) photographs were grouped into 4 sets of 8 photographs: highly pleasant-arousing (sexual content and ...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.03.031
更新日期:2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Oral cavity edge perception acuity relative to the fingertip has previously been evaluated by the utilization of cognitively-loaded, stereognostic methods. However, with the lack of connection of the tongue to the visual association cortex, there is concern the superior acuity of the fingertip may be attributable to t...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113035
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enkephalins facilitate female reproductive behavior. Within the limbic system and hypothalamus, estrogen induced the expression of preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA. Estrogen injection caused a biphasic increase in the PPE mRNA levels within the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and posterodorsal medial amygdala. The first ...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00261-9
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of stress experienced during pregnancy and raising stressed offspring on maternal behavior were investigated in Swiss-Webster mice. Dams were either stressed or not stressed during pregnancy, and raised either prenatally stressed or nonstressed cross-fostered pups. Maternal behaviors such as grooming, nurs...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00431-5
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic nutritional stress can have a negative impact on an individual's learning ability and memory. However, in social animals that share food among group members, such as the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.), it is unknown whether group-level nutritional stress is manifested in the learning performance of individuals....
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.08.003
更新日期:2008-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To seek insights into the relationship between chewing, appetite, food intake and gut hormones, and to consider potentially useful recommendations to promote benefits of chewing for weight management. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Papers were obtained from two electronic databases (Medline and Cochrane), from searc...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.017
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethanolic extract of leaves of Morus alba L. (M. alba), known as white mulberry, was orally administered (100 mg/kg b.wt) for 8 weeks to female Wistar rats that were fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), to investigate the potential of M. alba leaves in attenuation of obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and defici...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.010
更新日期:2019-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Prior research has noted a relationship between an individual's height in adolescence and their personality development later in life. This study examined whether height in adolescence--net of possible confounding variables such as age and biological maturity--predicted polydrug use in adolescence and young adulthood....
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.09.013
更新日期:2012-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::In mammals, body mass at birth is an important predictor of early postnatal growth and survival. Within litters, heavier young are more successful in competing for limited resources and show higher rates of growth and survival than their lighter sibs. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of two aspec...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.028
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is associated with significant functional disabilities. Application of new drugs which could enhance the effectiveness of antidepressants drug and reduce side effects of their long-term use seems necessary. Citicoline is used as an effective chemical agent for improving the symptoms of some neurodegenerativ...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.08.002
更新日期:2018-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Female rats have a fertile postpartum estrus, which can result in a simultaneous gestation and lactation and later in the overlapping of two different-age litters. These different physiological and contextual situations may affect the maternal behavior of lactating rats and provoke long-lasting changes in the affectiv...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.02.004
更新日期:2008-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), like many small mammals, have a marked postpartum estrus, and during the breeding season, are often both pregnant and lactating. We examined reproductive performance and allocation of resources by rabbit mothers with overlapping litters under presumably optimal conditions of unrestrict...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.05.011
更新日期:2004-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined auditory-evoked brainstem responses (ABR) in the deermouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) during torpor and arousal. The ABR of the euthermic deermouse consisted of five waves occurring in a time frame of 10 ms. During torpor, ABR wave I could be elicited at slow, but not fast stimulation rates indicatin...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02019-5
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies are mainly focused on non-wooden environments, whereas few are concerned with wooden ones. How wooden indoor environments impact the physiology of the occupants is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the distinct physiological responses to wooden and non-wooden indoor environments,...
journal_title:Physiology & behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.043
更新日期:2017-05-15 00:00:00