Abstract:
:The current standard treatment for cerebral toxoplasmosis (pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine) often encounters problems of poor tolerability, adverse effects, frequent dropouts and non-availability of pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine in some parts of India. We have had to use the combination of two effective alternative agents for toxoplasmosis, cotrimoxazole and clindamycin, on compassionate grounds. This retrospective observational study reports superior efficacy and better tolerability of cotrimoxazole/clindamycin compared to the recommended regimen. Primary end-point (complete response) was defined as more than 50% improvement of clinical status or more than 50% decrease in the size of brain lesions after two weeks of treatment initiation. Complete response occurred more commonly with cotrimoxazole/clindamycin than with pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine group (80% vs. 31.25%, respectively, relative risk 2.56, 95% confidence interval: 1.21-5.43). There was a trend towards higher on-treatment mortality in the pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine group in comparison to the cotrimoxazole/clindamycin (mortality rate 37.5% in pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine vs 12% in cotrimoxazole/clindamycin, p = 0.07, relative risk = 3.125, 95% confidence interval: 0.91-10.75). Overall, 62.5% (10/16) of patients on pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine suffered drug-related adverse reactions compared to 24% (6/25) on cotrimoxazole/clindamycin (p = 0.02, relative risk = 2.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.17-5.76). The commonest complication of pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine was severe thrombocytopenia with major bleeding (4/16, 25%). We propose that the new combination chemotherapy, which is widely available, effective and safe, can be used in developing countries.
journal_name
Int J STD AIDSjournal_title
International journal of STD & AIDSauthors
Goswami RP,Goswami RP,Rahman M,Ray Y,Tripathi SKdoi
10.1177/0956462414560594subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-01 00:00:00pages
864-9issue
12eissn
0956-4624issn
1758-1052pii
0956462414560594journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The main purpose of this study was to investigate how loneliness was associated with social support and family function among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in an HIV-stricken area of China. Two hundred and nineteen PLWHA were surveyed using the UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles)-Loneliness Scale, the...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/ijsa.2008.008348
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexual behavioural factors associated with gonococcal infection among 991 STD clinic attenders in Trinidad, West Indies (WI) were determined by univariate and stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis. Casual sex (odds ratios [OR] 1.6) was the only predictor of gonorrhoea. Among males, significant associations we...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
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doi:10.1258/0956462021924479
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abstract::Partner notification as a public health measure to reduce transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a cornerstone of STI control in most countries. The success of any partner notification strategy is conditional on its acceptability and feasibility to both patients and health-care professionals, its co...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
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doi:10.1258/ijsa.2009.009240
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abstract::The objective was to comprehensively assess the prevalence of condom-use errors and problems among male clients attending a public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. Men (n = 278) attending an STD clinic completed an anonymous questionnaire. Seven errors and six problems were assessed. Summative scores were te...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/ijsa.2007.007103
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate internal medicine residents' HIV-related knowledge and their attitudes towards caring for HIV-infected patients, and determine the extent to which these variables influence their care-providing intention. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 56 internal medicine reside...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/0956462011923787
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study 1155 injection drug users (IDUs) receiving targeted intervention in five cities of Punjab were surveyed; three cities (Amritsar, Taran-Taran, Batala) were in districts sharing an international border with Pakistan and the other two were Jalandhar and Ludhiana. Information on socio-demography, substance u...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0956462413515659
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The management and outcome of all cases of gonorrhoea which presented to a south London genitourinary medicine clinic during 1999 were assessed and compared with published national guidelines. The incidence of penicillin resistance was calculated, as was the rate of co-infection with chlamydia and trichomonas. Informa...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/095646203322301095
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perigenital molluscum contagiosum in adults is recognized as being a sexually transmitted infection. A retrospective casenote review was performed on patients attending a department of genitourinary medicine (GUM) who had been diagnosed as having molluscum. One or more co-existent sexually transmitted diseases (STD) w...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/095646249100200604
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with prenatal HIV screening and the availability of HIV test results in medical records in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Three hundred postpartum women were surveyed about demographics and prenatal care provider(s) and practice setting and ...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/ijsa.2011.010200
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::All category III chronic prostatitis cases in two hospital sites were retrospectively reviewed from the year 2000 until 2005. The mean age of the patients was 38.7 years. Of these, 56.6% were St Bartholomew's Genitourinary Medicine Department patients and 43.5% were Southend Genitourinary Medicine Clinic patients. We ...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/095646207780658917
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective was to investigate the financial situation of people living with HIV in Europe. Two surveys using an anonymous questionnaire were organized in Europe among people living with HIV, the first in 1996-97 and the second in 1998-99. One thousand one hundred and sixty-one people from the 1996-97 survey and 899...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/095646202760326453
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the process and time required to collect 450 interviews in a project to determine the most efficacious behavioural surveillance approaches to detect changes in gonorrhoea prevalence. In total, 150 respondents were recruited in each method. For each of place surveys (bars), gonorrhoea case interviews, a...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/095646207782716947
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risk factors for HIV infection in partners of HIV-seropositive index cases were investigated in a cross-sectional survey. Between September 1992 and April 1994 a total of 251 HIV-infected persons and 76 of their sexual partners were interviewed at the main sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) clinic in Trinidad. All p...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/0956462981921918
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective casenote study was conducted to examine the risk factors for patients who were diagnosed as hepatitis C (HCV)-positive (between 1999 and 2001) in a semi-rural genitourinary medicine (GUM) setting in Staffordshire, UK. There was a remarkable escalation in the number of reported HCV-positive cases, year ...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/095646202321020143
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) infections continue to be among the most common and unrecognized sexually transmitted infections in the world. Although treatable, HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections remain incurable. Hence, there is interest in the development of a vaccine to prevent genital herpes. As part of a...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0956462412472822
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of the study were, 1. To ascertain if sexual health physicians and practitioners believe a question concerning a past history of non-consensual sex should be asked routinely and are asking it. 2. To identify whether sexual health services have established protocols to integrate this question into practi...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
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doi:10.1258/095646203321605530
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the health risk profile of prostitutes in Dublin. Clinical records of all 150 new prostitutes who attended a drop-in clinic for prostitutes in Dublin city during the period 1991-1997 were reviewed. Variables examined included: age, use of injectable drugs, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status,...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/0956462981922557
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::National guidelines state that hepatitis B and C testing should be targeted to those with risk factors. However, there is little data to support this recommendation. There is also limited data of viral hepatitis prevalence in attendees at genitourinary medicine clinics. We report the prevalence of hepatitis B infectio...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0956462416641528
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Seventy-two blood donors who were tested positive by the Singapore Blood Transfusion Service (SBTS) for Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA) test, were evaluated at the Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic (DSC) between November 1994 to December 1996. All underwent syphilis serological testing, in...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
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journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Prior research indicates that injection drug users forget substantial proportions of their injection partners when asked to recall them. Such under-reporting hampers both ascertainment of the injection networks that underlie transmission of blood-borne pathogens and contact-tracing efforts for disease control. We repo...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
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更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Self-inserted vaginal tampons for the molecular diagnosis of non-ulcerative STIs were evaluated. Cervical and vaginal swabs, tampons and urines were collected from 185 first-time antenatal clinic attendees. Cultures and nucleic acid amplification assays (NAA) were performed. The sensitivity of PCR on tampons for Trich...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1258/095646204322764271
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
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更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two major risk groups for acquisition of HIV in the UK are gay men and IDUs. Individuals from these risk groups vary in a number of respects in their life-style, which have the potential to affect the course of their HIV disease. This study compares gay men and IDUs from the Lothian Region of Scotland with respect...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
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更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the frequency, imaging characteristics, neuroanatomical distribution and dynamics of magnetic resonance imaging findings in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised patients we compared patients without antiretroviral therapy with patients undergoing immune reconstitution. Neuroimaging ...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
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abstract::Little is known about the prevalence of rectal chlamydial infection amongst men who have sex with men (MSM). Previous studies using culture methods reported this to be between 4-6%. The emergence of nucleic acid amplification tests has significantly increased the sensitivity and specificity for chlamydial detection, m...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
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abstract::A 21-year-old man presented to genitourinary (GU) medicine physicians with (initially) painful penile and scrotal swelling. A diagnosis of ano-genital granulomatosis was confirmed on histological analysis of penile skin. Enquiring about systemic symptoms resulted in the additional diagnosis of gastrointestinal Crohn's...
journal_title:International journal of STD & AIDS
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