Abstract:
:Nutrition plays an important role in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Substantial progress in both laboratory analyses and clinical use of biochemical markers has modified the strategy of anti-osteoporotic drug development. The present review examines the use of biochemical markers in clinical research aimed at characterising the influence of foods or nutrients on bone metabolism. The two types of markers are: (i) specific hormonal factors related to bone; and (ii) bone turnover markers (BTM) that reflect bone cell metabolism. Of the former, vitamin D metabolites, parathyroid hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I indicate responses to variations in the supply of bone-related nutrients, such as vitamin D, Ca, inorganic phosphate and protein. Thus modification in bone remodelling, the key process upon which both pharmaceutical agents and nutrients exert their anti-catabolic or anabolic actions, is revealed. Circulating BTM reflect either osteoclastic resorption or osteoblastic formation. Intervention with pharmacological agents showed that early changes in BTM predicted bone loss and subsequent osteoporotic fracture risk. New trials have documented the influence of nutrition on bone-tropic hormonal factors and BTM in adults, including situations of body-weight change, such as anorexia nervosa, and weight loss by obese subjects. In osteoporosis-prevention studies involving dietary manipulation, randomised cross-over trials are best suited to evaluate influences on bone metabolism, and insight into effects on bone metabolism may be gained within a relatively short time when biochemical markers are monitored.
journal_name
Nutr Res Revjournal_title
Nutrition research reviewsauthors
Bonjour JP,Kohrt W,Levasseur R,Warren M,Whiting S,Kraenzlin Mdoi
10.1017/S0954422414000183subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-12-01 00:00:00pages
252-67issue
2eissn
0954-4224issn
1475-2700pii
S0954422414000183journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The ultimate goal in the design of infant formula is to achieve the outcome seen in breast fed infants. This review of lipids in infant formulas for term infants begins by referring to the lipid composition of human milk, and relates that to differences in lipid digestion and metabolism which exist between breast fed ...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR19980018
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diet plays an important role in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The growing perception that abnormal haemostatic processes of coagulation, platelet aggregation and fibrinolysis contribute to cardiovascular disease aetiology motivated this review on the relationships of diet, specific fo...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR19970007
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overweight and obesity are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, although the range of body weights that is optimal for health is controversial. It is less clear whether weight loss benefits longevity and hence whether weight reduction is justified as a prime goal for all individuals who are overweight (n...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422409990035
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prebiotics are non-digestible (by the host) food ingredients that have a beneficial effect through their selective metabolism in the intestinal tract. Key to this is the specificity of microbial changes. The present paper reviews the concept in terms of three criteria: (a) resistance to gastric acidity, hydrolysis by ...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR200479
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The micro-organisms which inhabit the human gut (i.e. the intestinal microbiota) influence numerous human biochemical pathways and physiological functions. The present review focuses on two questions, 'Are intestinal microbiota effects measurable and meaningful?' and 'What research methods and variables are influenced...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422419000076
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sepsis is defined as the dysregulated host response to an infection resulting in life-threatening organ dysfunction. The metabolic demand from inefficiencies in anaerobic metabolism, mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction, increased cellular turnover, and free-radical damage result in the increased focus of micronutri...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422418000124
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A food can be regarded as 'functional' if it can demonstrate a beneficial efficacy on one or more target functions in the body in a convincing way. Beyond adequate nutritional qualities, functional foods should either improve the state of health and wellbeing and/or reduce the risk of disease. Functional foods that ar...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422409990187
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A wide variety of nutritional exposures have been proposed as possible risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) with plausible biological hypotheses. Many studies have explored these hypotheses, but as yet no comprehensive systematic review of the literature has been available. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and WEB OF SCIENCE dat...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR2005108
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the current post-antibiotic era, botanicals represent one of the most employed nutritional strategies to sustain antibiotic-free and no-antibiotic-ever production. Botanicals can be classified either as plant extracts, meaning the direct products derived by extraction from the raw plant materials (essential oils (E...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0954422420000013
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The demand for organic foods is constantly increasing mainly due to consumers' perception that they are healthier and safer than conventional foods. There is a need for information related to food safety to inform consumers of the health benefits and/or hazards of food products of both origins, in order to optimise th...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR200361
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cost of psychiatric illness to the UK economy was recently estimated at pound77 billion annually. Despite years of research no firm aetiological explanation exists, and with no physiological or biochemical markers diagnosis is made entirely on a behavioural basis. All current pharmacological therapies are associat...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR2006119
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::While medical nutrition therapy is an essential part of the care for critically ill patients, uncertainty exists about the right form, dosage, timing and route in relation to the phases of critical illness. As enteral nutrition (EN) is often withheld or interrupted during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay, combined E...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0954422420000165
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a key indicator of two main causes of death worldwide: CVD and diabetes. The present paper aimed to perform a review of the population-based research on the association of dietary patterns and the MetS in terms of methodology and findings. For the purpose of the present study, a scopin...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S095442241600007X
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alarming prevalence of obesity has led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling energy homeostasis. Regulation of energy intake and expenditure is more complex than previously thought, being influenced by signals from many peripheral tissues. In this sense, a wide variety of peripheral sig...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422412000145
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present review investigates the role of sleep and its alteration in triggering metabolic disorders. The reduction of the amount of time sleeping has become an endemic condition in modern society and the current literature has found important associations between sleep loss and alterations in nutritional and metabo...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0954422407810651
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to the impact of alcohol intake on cardiovascular disease. Both cross-sectional and prospective studies have disclosed a negative association between moderate intake of alcoholic beverages and cardiovascular disease. The relationship appear...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR200235
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improved domestic animal productivity is necessary in order to provide for an increasing world population over the next two to three decades and such improvement would be aided by an increase in the efficiency of nutrient utilization. This can be achieved by conventional genetic selection protocols but progress by thi...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/095442299108728893
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ruminants are recognised to suffer from Cu-responsive disorders. Present understanding of Cu transport and metabolism is limited and inconsistent across vets and veterinary professionals. There has been much progress from the studies of the 1980s and early 1990s in cellular Cu transport and liver metabolism which has ...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0954422419000180
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::CVD affect a large proportion of the world's population, with dyslipidaemia as the major risk factor. The regular consumption of both probiotic bacteria and yeast has been associated with improvement in the serum lipid profile. Thus, the present review aims to describe and discuss the potential mechanisms responsible ...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422416000226
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exercise causes a dramatic increase in energy requirements because of the metabolic needs of working muscles. Exercise-dependent factors regulate fuel use. Absolute exercise intensity determines the exercise-induced increase in energy demands, whereas exercise intensity relative to an individual's maximal aerobic capa...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR200357
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary isoflavones are thought to be cardioprotective due to their structural similarity to oestrogen. Oestrogen is believed to have beneficial effects on endothelial function and may be one of the mechanisms by which premenopausal women are protected against CVD. Decreased NO production and endothelial NO synthase a...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR2005101
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The weaning transition is characterised by morphological, histological and microbial changes, often leading to weaning-associated disorders. These intestinal changes can partly be ascribed to the lack of luminal nutrition arising from the reduced feed intake common in pigs after weaning. It is increasingly becoming cl...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422411000047
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary reason for processing maize is to enhance feeding value. Total tract starch digestion is similar for coarsely processed (dry rolled, cracked) dry maize. Enhancements in starch digestion due to dry rolling maize v. feeding maize whole may be greater in light-weight calves than in yearlings, and when DM inta...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422411000096
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The availability of 'omics' technologies is transforming scientific approaches to physiological problems from a reductionist viewpoint to that of a holistic viewpoint. This is of profound importance in nutrition, since the integration of multiple systems at the level of gene expression on the synthetic side through to...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0954422407249698
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health benefits for man have been associated with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and dairy products are highlighted as offering the best opportunity to increase CLA consumption. CLA is synthesised in the rumen as an intermediate in the biohydrogenation of linoleic acid to stearic acid. The supplies of both intermediat...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR200121
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transtheoretical model (TTM) is a behavioural theory that describes behaviour change as occurring in five stages, ranging from precontemplation to maintenance. The purpose of the present paper is to review and synthesise the literature published since 1999 on applications of the TTM to dietary behaviour so that th...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0954422407747881
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been rare to find studies of the influence of nutrition on growth that have incorporated careful measurements of physical activity. This paper reviews interactions between physical activity and nutrition in early life and finds that such interactions have a significant influence on growth and later metabolism.Y...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR19980006
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Existing reviews suggest that milk and other dairy products do not play a role in the development of obesity in childhood, but they do make an important contribution to children's nutrient intake. It is thus curious that public health advice on the consumption of dairy products for children is often perceived as uncle...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422418000227
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive outcomes are frequently implemented as endpoints in nutrition research. To reduce the number of statistical comparisons it is commonplace for nutrition researchers to combine cognitive test results into a smaller number of broad cognitive abilities. However, there is a clear lack of understanding and consens...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422414000158
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present review comes from the authors of the recent Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) review Update on Trans Fatty Acids and Health, and focuses on assessing the strength of the evidence for a link between trans-fatty acid (trans-FA) intake and cancer. It evaluates a range of human ecological, case...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422408110964
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00