Abstract:
PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Reintroductions may be essential to prevent extinction of many critically endangered species. Ideally, reintroduction efforts rely on adjacent source populations, but limited source material may necessitate crossing individuals from different and possibly distant populations. To determine the consequences of integrating multiple populations in reintroductions, we investigated levels of inbreeding depression, outbreeding depression, and heterosis for populations of Schiedea kaalae (Caryophyllaceae), an endangered species endemic to the Wai'anae and Ko'olau Mountains of O'ahu, Hawai'i. The possibility of gene flow among plants was explored through pollinator observations. METHODS:Individuals from ex situ living collections of nine populations were hand-pollinated with pollen from the same plant, plants from the same population (for three populations only), or plants from different populations. Progeny were outplanted into two common gardens, one in each mountain range on O'ahu. Cumulative fitness was estimated using several independent life history stages. KEY RESULTS:Inbreeding depression was minimal, and no outbreeding depression was detected. In contrast, strong heterosis was evident in progeny from between-population crosses, which had higher relative fitness than progeny from self-pollinations or within-population crosses. Observations of floral visitors provided the first evidence that biotic pollination may be important for this species. CONCLUSIONS:Results demonstrate the ability to conduct genetic rescue of rare species and suggest that reintroductions may be most successful using heterotic individuals from crosses between populations and at sites where pollinators are present and promote outcrossing.
journal_name
Am J Botjournal_title
American journal of botanyauthors
Weisenberger LA,Weller SG,Sakai AKdoi
10.3732/ajb.1400271subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-11-01 00:00:00pages
1954-62issue
11eissn
0002-9122issn
1537-2197pii
ajb.1400271journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract:UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Sphagnum dominates vast expanses of wetland habitats throughout the northern hemisphere and species delimitation within the genus is important because floristic changes associated with a warming global climate may have measureable impacts on large-scale ecological processes. Most north...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1200630
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE:Inbreeding depression is traditionally considered a major factor favoring outcrossing in hermaphrodites. Recent experiments have shown that environmental conditions can influence the magnitude of inbreeding depression, but their relevance in natural populations is unclear. To investigate this, we studied the cl...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1410
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Size, allometry, and mechanical design were measured for trees of three canopy species in a tropical rain forest in French Guiana. Mechanical design was expressed as the safety factor, using the elastic-stability model, and the wind resistance factor, using the constant-stress model. Changes with ontogeny were describ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Documented fossil floras in the neotropics are sparse, yet their records provide evidence on the spatial and temporal occurrence of taxa, allowing for testing of biogeographical and diversification scenarios on individual lineages. A new fossil Piper from the Late Cretaceous of Colombia is describe...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1400427
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE:Root-associated fungi provide a wide range of functions for their host plants, including nutrient provisioning, pathogen protection, and stress alleviation. In so doing, they can markedly influence host-plant structural and physiological traits, although the degree to which these effects vary within particular ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1573
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent consensus that Amborellaceae, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales form the three earliest-diverging lineages of angiosperms has led comparative biologists to reconsider the origin and early developmental evolution of the angiosperm seven-celled/eight-nucleate (Polygonum-type) female gametophyte. Illicium mexi...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.91.3.332
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Land-use change is cited as a primary driver of global biodiversity loss, with myriad consequences for species, populations, and ecosystems. However, few studies have examined its impact on species interactions, particularly pollination. Furthermore, when the effects of land-use change on pollinati...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1600302
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of a large-insert genomic clone, BAC 22B2, previously suggested that Sorghum bicolor (2n = 20) has the tetraploid architecture A(b)A(b)B(b)B(b). Here, we report on BAC 22B2 subclone pCEN38 (1047-bp insert) as related to sorghum and sugarcane. Mitotic FISH of six different subc...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE:Although polyploidy has been studied since the early 1900s, fundamental aspects of polyploid ecology and evolution remain unexplored. In particular, surprisingly little is known about how newly formed polyploids (neopolyploids) become demographically established. Models predict that most polyploids should go ex...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1466
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atriplex prostrata Boucher, a facultative halophyte, exhibits significant reduction in height and biomass and in the width of the cortex and vascular tissue under saline conditions. Therefore, the goal of this investigation was to determine the effect of salinity on plant growth as well as on the patterns of lignifica...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Incarvillea is a herbaceous and temperate member of Bignoniaceae, previously divided into four subgenera, Niedzwedzkia, Amphicome, Incarvillea, and Pteroscleris. Niedzwedzkia and Amphicome have in the past been treated as independent genera. Different relationships have been proposed for the four subgenera. Here, maxi...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.92.4.625
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viability of long-distance pollen links ecological models to the genetic structure of forest tree populations, determining how forests will adapt to climate change and how far genes flow from genetically modified (GM) pine plantations. Addressing this landscape-scale inquiry is feasible when the pollen source, the del...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.0900255
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Eocene caldera-lake beds at Laguna del Hunco (LH, ca. 52.2 Ma) and Río Pichileufú (RP, ca. 47.7 Ma) in Argentine Patagonia provide copious information about the biological history of Gondwana. Several plant genera from these sites are known as fossils from southern Australia and New Zealand and sur...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1100367
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of the genus Cerastium were studied using sequences of three noncoding plastid DNA regions (trnL intron, trnL-trnF spacer, and psbA-trnH spacer). A total of 57 Cerastium taxa was analyzed using two species of the putative sister genus Stellaria as outgroups. Maximum parsimon...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.91.6.943
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Seabirds often cause significant changes to soil properties, and seabird-dominated systems often host unique plant communities. This study experimentally (1) examined species-specific responses to seabird guano gradients, (2) considered the role that differential functional traits among species pla...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1000159
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant tropisms play a fundamental role in shaping the growth form of plants, and these fascinating movements are the focus of this thematic issue of the American Journal of Botany. The issue includes 16 reviews of the current literature and eight original manuscripts written by a diverse group of international experts...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type:
doi:10.3732/ajb.1200591
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Microsatellite markers were developed for Petunia integrifolia subsp. depauperata with an intent to clarify taxonomic questions on the P. integrifolia complex, and to identify a purple-flowered parent of P. hybrida. METHODS AND RESULTS:We characterized 11 microsatellite loci by screening primers d...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1100178
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::• Premise of the study: Tropical forests are the most species-rich terrestrial communities on Earth, and understory trees and shrubs comprise a large fraction of their plant species diversity, especially at high rainfalls. The mechanisms responsible for generating such high levels of diversity remain unknown. One hypo...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1300460
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE:The genus Arisaema (Araceae) has rapidly diversified in Japan, and multiple species often coexist in the field. Although Japanese Arisaema species hybridize from artificial crossing, hybrid individuals are rare in mixed populations; suggesting the presence of effective pre-pollination barriers. We examined the ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1389
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:An anatomical examination of dry and fleshy fruits within the Solanaceae was carried out to identify comparable stages throughout development as well as features exclusive to each type of fruit. We studied fruit development of Nicotiana and Petunia, which have the plesiomorphic capsula...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1100097
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the alpine landscape most plant populations are spatially isolated due to extreme patchiness and strong natural fragmentation. We used RAPD-PCR (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction) for a study of the genetic diversity within and among 20 populations of Geum reptans, an outcrossing clonal p...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.91.12.2013
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic diversity at variable-number-tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci was examined in the common cattail, Typha latifolia (Typhaceae), using three synthetic DNA probes composed of tandemly repeated "core" sequences (GACA, GATA, and GCAC). The principal objectives of this investigation were to determine whether: (1) the previ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant xylem must balance efficient delivery of water to the canopy against protection from air entry into the conduits via air-seeding. We investigated the relationship between tracheid allometry, end wall pitting, safety from air-seeding, and the hydraulic efficiency of conifer wood in order to better understand the ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.93.9.1265
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A well-integrated plant shows extensive carbohydrate translocation through the plant body. Even in highly integrated plants, however, translocation patterns will be sectorial if vascular tissue restricts carbon movement to sectors along stems. Both integration and sectorial translocation patterns are sensitive to plan...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isozymatic data taken from 67 Guatemalan collections of maize were subjected to numerical taxonomic analyses to elucidate systematic relationships among the 19 maize races and subraces described for Guatemala by Wellhausen et al. As with Bolivian and Mexican races, isozymatic variation in Guatemalan maize was strongly...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1990.tb13547.x
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The classification of the genus Salix has historically been intrinsically difficult due to its propensity toward plasticity and high variation in diagnostic morphological characters. We investigated leaf epidermal characteristics, focusing on the stomatal apparatus because it may provide critical i...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1100019
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A detailed study of ascomal morphology and development in Cercophora palmicola showed that ontogeny is ascohymeniaceous, giving rise to an ostiolate perithecium. Ascomal initials consist of a coiled ascogonium surrounded by several layers of hyphae whose cells become pseudoparenchymatous. The centrum of the young asco...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The ability of insect visitors to learn to manipulate complex flowers has important consequences for foraging efficiency and plant fitness. We investigated learning by two butterfly species, Danaus erippus and Heliconius erato, as they foraged on the complex flowers of Asclepias curassavica, as wel...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1700040
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anther and ovule development of Camellia, Franklinia, and Schima (Theaceae, Camellioideae) were observed. The three genera share the following embryological traits: anther wall formation of basic type, tapetum of glandular type, walls of endothecial cells with secondary thickening, and production of pseudopollen g...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much of the ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) research on plants has concentrated on vegetative plant parts, and only a small fraction has dealt with the reproductive system. The present study analyzed pollen grains of 34 taxa germinated and grown under two levels of UV-B radiation (187 and 460 mW/m2) or no UV-B (control...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00