Circadian rhythm of lithium toxicity in mice.

abstract：RATIONALE:Clinical observations have shown that pain sensitivity is altered in some schizophrenic patients. OBJECTIVES:To study alterations in pain sensitivity, the ketamine model in schizophrenia research was employed. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Rats were subchronically injected with the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Becker A,Grecksch G,Schröder H

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The endogenous cannabinoid system is thought to play a role in reinforcement processes. OBJECTIVES:We tested the effects of five doses of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonist SR141716 [0, 0.3, 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal (IP)] on intracranial self-stimulation at the level of the median forebrain...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Deroche-Gamonet V,Le Moal M,Piazza PV,Soubrié P

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fourteen rats were trained to discriminate the effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) (sodium salt, 200 mg/kg) and saline in a two-lever choice task using a fixed ratio 10 schedule of water reinforcement. Intermediate responding, i.e., responding not fully appropriate for either training condition was observed in test...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Winter JC

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The party drug ecstasy is frequently used in combination with other drugs like marihuana and alcohol. In addition, a substantial proportion of the MDMA users has claimed to drive a car when under the influence of MDMA and/or other drugs. OBJECTIVE:To assess the effects of MDMA and alcohol, combined and alone...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Kuypers KP,Samyn N,Ramaekers JG

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Increased anxiety is a characteristic of the acute ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Repeated exposure of rats to withdrawal from chronic ethanol increases sensitivity to seizures. OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether repeated withdrawal experience increases withdrawal-induced anxiety and stress, and if it changes ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Borlikova GG,Le Merrer J,Stephens DN

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Buprenorphine is a low-efficacy mu opioid agonist that can reduce drug taking in opioid abusers; however, the mechanism by which buprenorphine modifies the actions of other drug taking and the consequences of repeated treatment with buprenorphine are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE:The purposes of this study...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Galici R,Brandt MR,France CP

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of eight serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonists on the anorectic effect of d-fenfluramine (3.0 mg/kg, IP) were examined in a test of sweet mash consumption, using non-deprived male rats. d-Fenfluramine's effect was attenuated by the mixed 5-HT1/5-HT2 receptor antagonists, methiothepin and metergoline; by th...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Neill JC,Cooper SJ

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients who develop persistent parkinsonism while on chronic neuroleptic therapy may be predisposed towards the development of tardive dyskinesia (TD). We investigated this issue in an animal model of TD by examining the association between catalepsy and the syndrome of neuroleptic-induced vacuous chewing movements (...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Hyde TM,Egan MF,Wing LL,Wyatt RJ,Weinberger DR,Kleinman JE

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluctuations in extracellular dopamine and DOPAC levels in nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) were monitored in 1-min microdialysis samples taken from rats engaged in intravenous cocaine self-administration. For four rats the dose per injection was fixed at 2.0 mg/kg; for four others the dose per injection was varied irreg...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Wise RA,Newton P,Leeb K,Burnette B,Pocock D,Justice JB Jr

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Exercise stimulates the release of endogenous opioid peptides and increases nociceptive (i.e. pain) thresholds in both human and animal subjects. During chronic, long-term exercise, sensitivity to the effects of morphine and other mu opioids decreases, leading some investigators to propose that exercise may l...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Smith MA,Yancey DL

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four benzodiazepine tranquilizers have been tested, alone or in combination with scopolamine, on the spontaneous locomotor activity of BALB/c mice. Scopolamine-induced locomotor stimulation was enhanced by chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and medazepam, but not by bromazepam. These effects are similar to those exerted by t...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Sansone M

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The noradrenergic system has repeatedly been implicated in the mediation of attentional processes. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, the present investigation examines the effects of two doses (1.5 micrograms/kg and 2.5 micrograms/kg) of the alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (CLO) on performance of...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Coull JT,Middleton HC,Robbins TW,Sahakian BJ

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Control of reward-seeking behavior under conditions of punishment is an important function for survival. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS:We designed a task in which rats could choose to either press a lever and obtain a food pellet accompanied by a footshock or refrain from pressing the lever to avoid footshock, in r...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Ishikawa J,Sakurai Y,Ishikawa A,Mitsushima D

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Administration of drugs that reduce the influence of dopamine at its receptor site can lead to postsynaptic supersensitivity, whereas treatment with dopamine (DA) agonists can cause postsynaptic subsensitivity. Both unaltered and enhanced postsynaptic responses to DA have been shown after pretreatment with DA agonists...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Castro R,Abreu P,Calzadilla CH,Rodriguez M

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blockers can potentiate yawning induced by apomorphine in rats. The present study was undertaken to examine whether or not this interaction was seen with other compounds that induce yawning or if it represented a specific interaction with dopaminer...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Bourson A,Moser PC

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE:Depression symptoms are now recognized to be the predominant cause of disability for bipolar disorder (BD) patients. The treatment strategies for the depressed phase of BD remain more anecdotal than data-based. Olanzapine has been investigated as an alternative to antidepressants and a mood stab...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Wang M,Tong JH,Huang DS,Zhu G,Liang GM,Du H

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Dopamine (DA) D2-like antagonists block several effects of cocaine, including its locomotor stimulant and interoceptive discriminative-stimulus effects. Because these compounds generally lack selectivity among the D2-like DA receptors, the specific roles of the subtypes remain unclear. OBJECTIVES:DA D2 recep...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Chausmer AL,Elmer GI,Rubinstein M,Low MJ,Grandy DK,Katz JL

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Reelin, a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is down-regulated in the brain of schizophrenic patients and of heterozygous reeler mice (rl/+). The behavioral phenotype of rl/- mice, however, matches only partially the schizophrenia hallmarks. OBJECTIVES:We recently reported (Marrone et al., Eur J Neuros...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Ammassari-Teule M,Sgobio C,Biamonte F,Marrone C,Mercuri NB,Keller F

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of 3-PPP [conventional and atypical dopamine (DA)-receptor active agent, respectively] were investigated in a commonly used animal model of anxiety: the Vogel licking-conflict test. Low doses (less than or equal to 0.5 mg/kg SC) of both 3-PPP enantiomers resulted in anti-conf...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Hjorth S,Carlsson A,Engel JA

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons contribute to the orchestration of pyramidal neuron population firing as follows: (1) by releasing GABA on GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors, (2) by releasing reelin in the proximity of integrin receptors located on cortical pyramidal neuron dendritic spines, a...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Guidotti A,Auta J,Davis JM,Dong E,Grayson DR,Veldic M,Zhang X,Costa E

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The present study was designed to investigate the rewarding effects induced by tramadol and its active metabolite O-desmethyltramadol (M1) under a neuropathic pain-like state. RESULTS:In opioid receptor binding and G protein activation, we confirmed that M1, but not tramadol, showed mu-opioid receptor (MO...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Nakamura A,Narita M,Miyoshi K,Shindo K,Okutsu D,Suzuki M,Higashiyama K,Suzuki T

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study we have investigated the effects of diazepam (DZP) (10 mg/kg) treatment of rat dams during different periods of gestation or during lactation on the development and behavior of their offspring. The results show that DZP exposure during different phases of early development has differing effects on...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Frieder B,Epstein S,Grimm VE

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-nine subjects performed a reaction time task with four levels of choice-task complexity under non-smoking, sham smoking, and low, medium and high nicotine cigarette conditions. Nicotine reduced decision time, while sham smoking increased decision time. This effect was independent of subjects' habitual levels of...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Bates T,Pellett O,Stough C,Mangan G

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nicotine (0.16--0.50 mg/kg, SC) was found to exert a potent antinociceptive action on thermal stimuli as measured by the tail-flick test. This antinociceptive action of nicotine could be blocked by centrally active nicotinic or muscarinic blockers implicating both classes of cholinergic receptors in this effect. Quate...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Sahley TL,Berntson GG

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were trained to discriminate fenfluramine (1.0 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task. The dose-response curve for this discrimination was orderly with an ED50 of about one-half of the training dose (0.52 mg/kg). In substitution tests, indirect (p-chloroamphetamine) and direct (quipazine, MK-2...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： White FJ,Appel JB

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Decision-making is a complex cognitive process that is mediated, in part, by subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). Decision-making is impaired in a number of psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia. Notably, people with schizophrenia exhibit reductions in GABA function in the same PFC areas...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Paine TA,O'Hara A,Plaut B,Lowes DC

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Impulsivity has been strongly linked to addictive behaviors, but can be operationalized in a number of ways that vary considerably in overlap, suggesting multidimensionality. OBJECTIVE:This study tested the hypothesis that the latent structure among multiple measures of impulsivity would reflect the followin...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： MacKillop J,Weafer J,C Gray J,Oshri A,Palmer A,de Wit H

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intravenous self-administration of d-amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg/injection) decreased in a dose-related fashion after injections of the dopaminergic agonists apomorphine and piribedil. The dopaminergic agonists appear to suppress amphetamine intake in the same way as do 'free' amphetamine injections, by extending drug sat...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Yokel RA,Wise RA

更新日期：1978-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats selectively bred for high alcohol sleep times (HAS) and those that are less affected (LAS) by hypnotic doses (3.0-3.6 g/kg) of ethanol were tested for differential responses to the aversive effects of 1.0 g/kg ethanol in a conditioned place preference task. Likewise, the effects of 0.3-1.0 g/kg ethanol on spontan...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Schechter MD,Krimmer EC

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of an acoustic startle response is impaired in schizophrenics. PPI can also be studied in the rat, and is impaired by dopamine (DA) D2/3 receptor agonists such as apomorphine. This disruption is reversed by DA antagonists, leading to proposals that this approach may be a useful means to ident...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Varty GB,Higgins GA

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00