Abstract:
:Federal government policy in the United States lacks uniformity, as is indicated by the fact that the Dept. of Defense permits the performance of abortion for medical and mental health reasons, the Office of Economic Opportunity states that no project funds may be used for any surgical procedure intended to result in abortion, and the Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare has no policy concerning abortion in its programs but that abortion is a reimbursable expense under Title XIX Medicaid payments in enrolled states. This ambiguity of the federal government is considered a reflection of the complexity of the issue and the lack of clear consensus concerning abortion among the American public. Factors that federal family planning officials must consider are: 1) the ethical and moral considerations that confront the individual citizen making a private decusion about abortion; 2) legal and constitutional issues, such as that of discrimination in the availability of abortion services on economic grounds; and 3) the relationship of abortion to public service needs and public health considerations, given that 1/4-1/5 of pregnancies in the United States end in legal or illegal abortion. Clandestine abortion constitutes a significant health problem, accounting for a significant proportion of maternal mortality, especially among the poor (the 1967 rate of reported mortality due to abortion with sepsis being 7 times greater for nonwhites than whites). The Office of Economic Opportunity in reassessing its current policy needs to ascertain the standards of medical care, cost projections, and logistics of providing abortion services. It is recommended that abortion services be combined with serious efforts to provide effective subsequent contraception, as abortion as an exclusive method of birth control would cost up to $2000 per year while the provision of high quality family planning services is $60-$80 per woman per year.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Contis G,Hern WMdoi
10.2105/ajph.61.5.1038subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1971-05-01 00:00:00pages
1038-41issue
5eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
61pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We performed a serosurvey of 133 embalmers in an urban area where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is prevalent. Although we found histories of needlesticks to be common, and the seropositivity rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) (13%) was approximately twice that of a blood donor comparison group, HIV antibod...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.10.1425
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unprotected sexual intercourse remains a primary mode of HIV transmission in the United States. We found that receipt of services to reduce HIV transmission-risk behaviors was low among 3787 HIV-infected individuals and that men who have sex with men were especially unlikely to receive these services even though they ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.124933
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess whether asking questions about a future behavior changes this behavior (i.e., the question-behavior effect) when applied to a population-level intervention to enhance colorectal cancer screening. METHODS:In 2013, text-message reminders were sent to a national sample of 50 000 Israeli women and men...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303364
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We measured symptom and influenza prevalence, and the effectiveness of symptom and temperature screening for identifying influenza, in arriving international airline travelers. METHODS:This cross-sectional study collected data from travelers to Christchurch International Airport, New Zealand, in winter 2008...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300761r
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of live births, spontaneous fetal deaths, and induced abortions in residents of Upstate New York ages 12--17 shows that pregnancy rates increased during the period 1971 through 1974. This increase was attributable to pregnancies ending in induced abortion while live births remained relatively stable. White te...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.68.8.753
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined risk factors for injuries to nursing assistants from assaults by nursing home residents at both the individual and the organizational level. METHODS:We analyzed data from the 2004 National Nursing Assistant Survey that were linked to facility information from the 2004 National Nursing Home Surve...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.185421
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the associations of local public health system organization and local health department resources with county-level sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence rates in large US health jurisdictions. METHODS:We linked annual county STD incidence data (2005-2008) to local health department direc...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300497
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined whether there are systematic differences between the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the Current Population Survey (CPS) for state cigarette smoking prevalence estimates. METHODS:BRFSS telephone survey estimates were compared with estimates from the US Census CPS t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.10.1665
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The soviet Union has experienced an increase in the incidence of coronary heart disease over the last 15 years sufficient to result in an overall deterioration in the health of adults. The distribution of coronary risk factors, and the secular trends in diet and cigarette consumption, provide a potential explanation f...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.5.431
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study was undertaken to assess the completeness of vital statistics and case reports of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in measuring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related mortality in women 15 through 44 years of age. METHODS:We used vital records to determine the number of deaths attribu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.11.1500
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A two-week composite sample of prime time television programming from fall 1984 was analyzed for portrayals of alcohol and tobacco. Earlier studies note that smoking acts have progressively declined, suggesting smoking is no longer as frequent on prime time television. The current study notes higher levels of smoking....
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.6.698
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::All locatable subjects (n = 94) for whom tuberculosis prevalence had been determined in an earlier study were tested with purified protein derivative (PPD) and control antigens, sputum sampling, and chest x-rays. Of the 46 who had been tuberculin negative (confirmed with control antigens) 3 years earlier, 2 had develo...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.11.1836
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To test the effectiveness of a preclinical, telephone-based patient navigation intervention to encourage colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among older Black men. METHODS:We conducted a 3-parallel-arm, randomized trial among 731 self-identified Black men recruited at barbershops between 2010 and 2013 in New ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303885
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Despite the importance of community health workers (CHWs) in strategies to reduce health disparities and the call to enhance their roles in research, little information exists on how to prepare CHWs involved in community-academic initiatives (CAIs). Therefore, the New York University Prevention Research Cent...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300429
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although researchers acknowledge that health disparities have multiple determinants, most recommendations for reducing inequities focus on a single approach. We suggest integrating 2 approaches for reducing disparities: improving access to primary care and updating and more vigorously enforcing consumer and environmen...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.166389
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper assesses the risks and benefits associated with hysterectomy by comparing the age-adjusted health care usage patterns of all women receiving hysterectomy in the Province of Manitoba in 1974 during the two years before and the two years after surgery with those of women undergoing cholecystectomy, and with t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.1.39
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This paper measured the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has spread among the male working-class population of Santos, Brazil. METHODS:Questionnaires on risk behaviors and blood tests were administered to a random sample (n = 395) of male port workers employed by the Santos Port ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.8_pt_1.1158
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The long-term consequences of prior oral contraceptive use for bone mineral density were examined in 239 postmenopausal women, 35.1% of whom reported prior oral contraceptive use. Women who had used oral contraceptives for 6 or more years had significantly higher bone densities of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, bu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.1.100
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To compare the flood impacts experienced by Harris County, Texas, hospitals with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood hazard areas and Hurricane Harvey's inundation boundary.Methods. One year following Hurricane Harvey, we created a novel data set of Hurricane Harvey's flood impacts in Harris C...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305520
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate helmet use in California before and after the introduction of an unrestricted helmet use law on January 1, 1992, observations of motorcycles and their riders were made at 60 locations in seven California counties, twice before and four times after the law was introduced. Helmet use increased from about 50%...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.1.96
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To determine the number of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Canada and the annual coverage of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) and needle-and-syringe provision for PWID.Methods. We estimated the number of PWID in 11 of 13 Canadian provinces and territories in 2011 by using indirect multiplier methods based ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305379
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We interviewed 1038 HIV-positive inpatients in public hospitals in Miami, Florida, and Atlanta, Georgia, to examine patient factors associated with use of HIV care, use of antiretroviral therapy, and unprotected sexual intercourse. Multivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression models showed that use of crack ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.139931
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials of interventions to improve the health of people during imprisonment or in the year after release. We searched 14 biomedical and social science databases in 2014, and identified 95 studies. Most studies involved only men or a majority of men (70/83 studies in whi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302498
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors review the available empirical evidence from population-based studies of the association between perceptions of racial/ethnic discrimination and health. This research indicates that discrimination is associated with multiple indicators of poorer physical and, especially, mental health status. However, the ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.2.200
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the impact of CVS Health's discontinuation of tobacco sales on cigarette purchasing. METHODS:We used households' purchasing data to assess rates at which households stopped cigarette purchasing for at least 6 months during September 2014 to August 2015 among 3 baseline groups: CVS-exclusive cigare...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303612
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:In spite of over 30 years of periodic nationwide surveys, we have thus far only the most rudimentary estimates of the determinants of the health of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. This paper explores ways to improve the capability of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) to collect national...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.12.1645
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined whether healthy lifestyles are associated with absence of depressed mood. METHODS:A sample of 1169 adult participants in the Maastricht Aging Study provided baseline and 6-year follow-up data on smoking, alcohol use, physical exercise, body mass index, and mood. We examined associations between ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.053199
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to estimate rates of cervical cancer and Papanicolaou testing among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women in Manitoba, Canada. METHODS:Data were derived through linking of administrative databases. RESULTS:In comparison with non-Aboriginal women, Aboriginal women had 1.8 and 3.6 times the a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.9.1466
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate homicide rates of transgender US residents and relative risks (RRs) of homicide with respect to cisgender comparators intersected with age, gender, and race/ethnicity. METHODS:I estimated homicide rates for transgender residents and transfeminine, Black, Latin@, and young (aged 15-34 years) subp...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303878
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nondaily intermittent smokers (ITS) are common, but their cessation behavior remains elusive. We examined cessation of native-ITS (n = 2040), converted-ITS (n = 1808), and daily smokers (DS; n = 25 344). All ITS were more likely than were DS to make a quit attempt (native-ITS adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.60, 95% conf...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300186
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00