[The amygdala and its relation to autism, behavioural disorders and other neurodevelopmental disorders].

Abstract:

:The amygdala is related with the recognition of the emotional meaning of stimuli, long-term memory, the orientation of social stimuli and the perception of gaze orientation. It plays a fundamental role in the recognition of faces, especially those expressing fear, and makes it possible to comprehend different emotional states, which will facilitate an appropriate social cognition. Dysfunctions of the amygdala have been associated to a number of different neurodevelopmental disorders as well as neurocognitive and behavioural disorders in specific neurogenetic entities. A number of studies focused on the amygdalic complex have allowed researchers to understand many pathophysiological aspects and to formulate new hypotheses regarding their origins. Given that the disorders or conditions in which the role of the amygdala has been evoked are becoming increasingly more extensive, this article refers the reader to those that have aroused the most interest in recent years. Thus, they can be divided into two groups: developmental and behavioural disorders (autism, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, alexithymia and anorexia nervosa) and specific neurogenetic entities (fragile X, Rett, Prader-Willi and Williams syndromes), in which structural or dysfunctional alterations have been observed that may be related with their neurocognitive and behavioural symptoms. It is important to remember that the amygdala is a highly connected structure that forms truly functional networks and has been associated to different disorders with varied explanations and includes several different pathophysiological phenomena. Its role must not, therefore, be simplified in a reductionistic manner, but also placed upon a hierarchy of dysfunctions in other areas that interact with it. TITLE:La amigdala y su relacion con el autismo, los trastornos conductuales y otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo. :La amigdala esta relacionada con el reconocimiento del significado afectivo del estimulo, la memoria a largo plazo, la orientacion del estimulo social y la percepcion de orientacion de la mirada. Desempeña un papel fundamental en el reconocimiento de caras, en especial la de temor, y permite la comprension de diversos estados emocionales, los cuales facilitaran una adecuada cognicion social. Disfunciones de la amigdala se han relacionado con diversos trastornos del neurodesarrollo y con alteraciones neurocognitivas y conductuales en entidades neurogeneticas especificas. Multiples estudios focalizados en el complejo amigdalino han permitido comprender muchos aspectos fisiopatologicos y formular nuevas hipotesis en relacion con su genesis. Dado que los trastornos o entidades en que se ha evocado el papel de la amigdala son cada vez mas extensos, este articulo remite a aquellos que han despertado mayor interes en los ultimos años, dividiendolos en dos grupos: trastornos del desarrollo y conductuales (autismo, trastornos de ansiedad, trastorno bipolar, alexitimia y anorexia nerviosa), y entidades neurogeneticas especificas (sindromes del cromosoma X fragil, Rett, Prader-Willi y Williams), en las cuales se han comprobado alteraciones estructurales o disfunciones que pueden relacionarse con la sintomatologia neurocognitiva y conductual de estas. Es importante recordar que la amigdala es una estructura altamente conectada que conforma verdaderas redes funcionales, se ha asociado a diversos trastornos cuya explicacion es variada e incluye diversos fenomenos fisiopatologicos, por lo que no debe simplificarse de una forma reduccionista su papel, sino tambien jerarquizar disfunciones de otras areas que interactuan con ella.

journal_name

Rev Neurol

journal_title

Revista de neurologia

authors

Ruggieri VL

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-02-24 00:00:00

pages

S137-48

eissn

0210-0010

issn

1576-6578

pii

rn2013571

journal_volume

58 Suppl 1

pub_type

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