Abstract:
:Carry-over effects have major implications for individual fitness and population and evolutionary dynamics. The strength of these effects is dependent on an individual's intrinsic performance and the environmental conditions it experiences. However, understanding the relative importance of environmental and intrinsic effects underpinning seasonal interactions has proved extremely challenging, since they covary. A powerful approach is longitudinal measurement of individuals across a range of conditions, whereby each animal is effectively acting as its own control. We related time spent foraging during the nonbreeding period to subsequent breeding performance in European Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis. By following individuals for up to six years, we could test simultaneously for extrinsic and intrinsic effects using random regression modeling. We detected significant annual and among-individual variation in daily foraging time during the late winter, and clear variation among individuals in the quadratic relationship between foraging time and date. Shorter foraging times were associated with earlier and more successful breeding, driven by differences among years and individuals, with no evidence of individual variation in the slope of these relationships. That both environmental and intrinsic variation shape carry-over effects has important implications for population responses to environmental change.
journal_name
Ecologyjournal_title
Ecologyauthors
Daunt F,Reed TE,Newell M,Burthe S,Phillips RA,Lewis S,Wanless Sdoi
10.1890/13-1797.1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-08-01 00:00:00pages
2077-83issue
8eissn
0012-9658issn
1939-9170journal_volume
95pub_type
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