Abstract:
:The basic functions of the immune system are protection from pathogens and maintenance of tolerance to self. The maintenance of commensal microbiota at mucosal surfaces adds a layer of complexity to these basic functions. Recent reports suggest follicular helper T cells (Tfh), a CD4(+) T cell subset specialized to provide help to B cells undergoing isotype switching and affinity maturation in germinal centers (GC), interact with the microbiota and are essential to maintenance of mucosal barriers. Complicating the issue is ongoing controversy in the field regarding origin of the Tfh subset and its distinction from other effector CD4 T cell phenotypes (Th1/Th17/Treg). This review focuses on the differentiation, phenotypic plasticity, and function of CD4 T cells, with an emphasis on commensal-specific GC responses in the gut.
journal_name
Immunol Lettjournal_title
Immunology lettersauthors
Winstead CJdoi
10.1016/j.imlet.2014.07.015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-12-01 00:00:00pages
39-47issue
2 Pt Aeissn
0165-2478issn
1879-0542pii
S0165-2478(14)00155-2journal_volume
162pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the associations of cytochrome p450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) genes polymorphisms with the susceptibility to AS in Taiwan. METHODS:The polymorphisms of CYP1A1 and MnSOD genes were determined in 70 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 93 healthy controls ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(03)00071-3
更新日期:2003-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Regulated upon activation normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) is a new inducible protein member of the human C-C branch of chemokines. RANTES is a potent monocyte and lymphocyte chemoattractant and is a mediator of inflammatory responses. In these studies we found that RANTES 10 ng/50 microl chemoattracts basophi...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(97)00034-5
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the interactions between Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, we examined CT serologies in sequential serum samples of male homosexuals (MHS), followed over a mean period of 4 years. Of the MHS studied, 77 were HIV(-), 18 were HIV(+) and 10 patients seroconverted durin...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(94)90201-1
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic multi-factorial inflammatory disease with the important role of genetic in activation of its inflammatory response. Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines that affects innate and adaptive immune systems to promote inflammatory responses. In the curre...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2018.11.005
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Partially purified IgE receptor(s) of rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL) designated R and H and having apparent molecular weight of 45,000 and 55,000 daltons, respectively, were subjected to proteolysis with papain. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the digests in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed a...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(82)90029-3
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stromal cells have been considered for a long time essentially as a structural component organizing tissue architecture, including those of secondary lymphoid organs. More recently, highly specialized stromal cell subsets were shown to differentially organize immune cell recruitment, survival, and differentiation with...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2019.02.005
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modulation of the IgE response by PHA treatment in relation to animal sex was analysed. Male and female RF mice were immunized with ovalbumin in aluminum hydroxide gel and PHA was injected 1 or 2 days before immunization. Castrated mice were also immunized and received PHA on day -2. The results show that the IgE resp...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(87)90056-3
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor cells express a range of antigens including self-antigens (those whose expression is shared by normal host tissue) and non-self antigens (such as those that arise as a result of mutations in normal cellular genes or in the case of some tumors, viral antigens). Immune responses to both types of antigen have been ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00240-7
更新日期:2003-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Clonal and oligoclonal populations of gammadelta T cells, with respect to the expression of T cell receptors for antigen (Tcr), have been shown to localize in normal and inflamed tissues. The mechanisms responsible for the tissue-selective accumulation of these subsets are still not known. gammadelta T cells are the p...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00077-7
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is widely known that mast cells and cytokine TNF-alpha are both involved in inflammatory reactions. Therefore, we have studied whether TNF-alpha can cause histamine secretion from human adenoidal and cutaneous mast cells. The experiments were performed in vitro on mast cells isolated from tissues by enzymatic dispe...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(97)00115-6
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. The ability of DCs to process antigens and the outcome of their interaction with T cells are largely dependent on phenotype as well as maturation state of DCs. In this study,...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2005.05.012
更新日期:2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Clone C19 derived from a rat bladder cancer cell line BC31ad constitutively released cytotoxic factor RCF. The serum-free C19-conditioned medium was partially purified by DEAE-Sephacel, Sephacryl S-200 and MonoQ-FPLC chromatographies to the specific activity of 6.4 x 10(6) U/mg protein (LM assay). RCF was a 17-kDa pro...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(94)90051-5
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cells utilize the vascular adhesion molecule E-selectin to enter inflamed skin. T cells identified by the mAb HECA-452 [cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA) T cells] are enriched in E-selectin ligand expressing cells. However, the proportion of CLA(+) T cells reactive with an E-selectin/Fc chimeric construc...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2006.12.002
更新日期:2007-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Transplantation immunologists have long been intrigued by the natural allograft that results from normal mammalian pregnancy. Its general success contrasts with the rejection problems associated with most artifactual organ transplantation and raises intriguing questions concerning the nature of the mechanisms involved...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(88)90001-6
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have described a monoclonal antibody with specificity for permeability-altered drug-resistant cells. This gamma G2b antibody was characterized by antibody-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity and by immunofluorescence analysis using a flow cytometer-cell sorter. Further experiments with the flow cytometer sho...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(82)90084-0
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In studying terminal lytic events of sensitized erythrocytes which have reacted with all 9 components of complement, we agree in general with the conclusions of Boyle and Borsos [1] that the cellular intermediate passes through the stages E*bound, E*inserted, and E*doomed. However, we differ with these workers on the ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(81)90095-x
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous infusion of 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (AGEPC), a synthetic platelet-activating factor (PAF), induced fatal anaphylactoid reaction in guinea pigs, or reversible thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. These reactions showed a maximal depression of circulating platelet and leucocyte numbers...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal and tumor-bearing host (TBH) peritoneal macrophage (M phi) responses to in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment were measured by assessing functional and phenotypic changes. Both normal and TBH untreated M phi suppressed mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) reactivity at all concentrations. Normal host M phi tre...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(90)90031-k
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two chicken monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), HU/Ch2-7 and HU/Ch6-1, against heterophil Hanganutziu-Deicher (HD) antigens with N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) at a terminal carbohydrate were established by cell fusions using chicken B cell lines lacking thymidine kinase and spleen cells from chickens immunized with II3N...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(92)90205-3
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An isogenic pair of virulent and avirulent Yersinia enterocolitica O9 strains was used to examine the influence of the virulence plasmid on the non-specific modification of the cellular immunity in BALB/c mice after experimental infection with yersiniae. The modification of contact hypersensitivity response to dinitro...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(95)02481-6
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immunomodulatory and antiviral effects of an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS-2), produced by a strain of Geobacillus thermodenitrificans isolated from a shallow marine vent of Vulcano Island (Italy), were evaluated. In the present study, we show for the first time that EPS-2 treatment hinder HSV-2 replication in...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2009.03.001
更新日期:2009-04-27 00:00:00
abstract::Even though IgA is considered to play an important role in immunity, surprisingly little is known about the presence of IgA Fc receptor (Fc alpha R)-expressing effector cells in tissues. Difficulties in obtaining human tissue macrophages, led us to study peritoneal macrophages in a human Fc alpha RI transgenic (Tg) mo...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00034-6
更新日期:1999-05-03 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is one of the major immune and inflammation factors responsible for regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and immune responses. Deregulated TGF-β activity, especially its influence in peritoneal cytokine cross-talk, has been implicated in pathologies ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2018.10.011
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies indicate that the pulmonary immune response in humans and experimental animals is different in newborn, adult and elderly age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age on the leukocyte composition in different lung compartments and peripheral blood of weaned and adult rats. A...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2006.12.008
更新日期:2007-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Human Clq, a subcomponent of the first component of complement interacts with human fibronectin. Using ELISA methodology fixation of Clq to solid phase fibronectin, as well as fibronectin to solid phase Clq has been demonstrated. Cl in its native macromolecular form displays little reactivity for fibronectin, nor does...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(82)90075-x
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circulating T follicular helper (cTFH) cells have been demonstrated to be involved in B-cell-mediated alloreactive responses in kidney and liver transplantation; however, whether these cells are involved in acute liver allograft rejection after liver transplantation, and which subsets are involved, remains to be clari...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.003
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), INF-gamma, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and dexamethasone on low-affinity Fc receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon R2/CD23) expression on a human eosinophilic leukemia cell line, Eol-3, were examined. Fc epsilon R2/CD23 expression was enhanced by both IFN-alpha and IF...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(90)90201-z
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The T cell receptor of gamma delta is normally expressed on a small percentage of peripheral lymphocytes. Although the role of gamma delta T cells in the physiologic immune response is still unknown, there is accumulating evidence that gamma delta T cells may participate in the immune response to mycobacterial and oth...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-2478(90)90105-y
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to study the effect of interferon alpha on the levels of acute phase complement proteins in vivo, serum concentrations of C9 and C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) were measured in patients with chronic hepatitis C before and 3 months after the beginning of interferon alpha2b therapy. Serum levels of the activation produc...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00183-8
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral vaccine responsiveness is often lower in children from less developed countries. Childhood malnutrition may be associated with poor immune response to oral vaccines. The present study was designed to investigate whether protein energy malnutrition (PEM) impairs B cell immunity and ultimately reduces oral vaccine ...
journal_title:Immunology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2017.08.025
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00