Abstract:
:A directed differentiation between the biofilm and suspension was observed in the molecular microbial ecology and gene expression of different bacteria in a biofilm nitritation-anammox process operated at varying hydraulic residence times (HRT) and nitrogen loading rates (NLR). The highest degree of enrichment observed in the biofilm was of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AMX) followed by that of Nitrospira spp. related nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). For AMX, a major shift from Candidatus "Brocadia fulgida" to Candidatus "Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" in both suspension and biofilm was observed with progressively shorter HRT, using discriminatory biomarkers targeting the hydrazine synthase (hzsA) gene. In parallel, expression of the hydrazine oxidoreductase gene (hzo), a functional biomarker for AMX energy metabolism, became progressively prominent in the biofilm. A marginal but statistically significant enrichment in the biofilm was observed for Nitrosomonas europaea related ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). In direct contrast to AMX, the gene expression of ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA), a functional biomarker for AOB energy metabolism, progressively increased in suspension. Using gene expression and biomass concentration measures in conjunction, it was determined that signatures of AOB metabolism were primarily present in the biofilm throughout the study. On the other hand, AMX metabolism gradually shifted from being uniformly distributed in both the biofilm and suspension to primarily the biofilm at shorter HRTs and higher NLRs. These results therefore highlight the complexity and key differences in the microbial ecology, gene expression and activity between the biofilm and suspension of a nitritation-anammox process and the biokinetic and metabolic drivers for such niche segregation.
journal_name
Biotechnol Bioengjournal_title
Biotechnology and bioengineeringauthors
Park H,Sundar S,Ma Y,Chandran Kdoi
10.1002/bit.25354subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-02-01 00:00:00pages
272-9issue
2eissn
0006-3592issn
1097-0290journal_volume
112pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In a stirred culture of hybridoma cells, the effects of serum reduction from 2.5% to 0% on growth and monoclonal antibody production have been investigated. The shear sensitivity of cells from the same culture has been tested in a bubble column. Serum reduction does not greatly affect viable-cell concentrations, but c...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260400125
更新日期:1992-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes construction of a nanosensory device for amplified detection of biologically important amines as chemical signals. The device was inspired by a biological signal transduction system, and was fabricated on an artificial cell membrane through self-organization of the molecular components, such as a ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22521
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel deuterium ((2)H) NMR technique as developed for measuring the total number of deuterons exchanged by lyophilised protein samples following hydrogen-deuterium (H-D) exchange. Using this methodology differences in the H-D exchange behaviour of the proteolytic enzyme subtilisin Carlsberg hydrated either in air or...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::One of the major bottlenecks in the bioconversion of lignocelluosic feedstocks to liquid ethanol is the recalcitrance of residue following pretreatment, specifically softwood derived residues. Peroxide delignification has previously been shown to effectively aid in the removal of condensed lignaceous moieties from sub...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22768
更新日期:2010-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::James (Jay) E. Bailey was a pioneer in biotechnology and biochemical engineering. During his 30 years in academia he made seminal contributions to many fields of chemical engineering science, including catalysis and reaction engineering, bioprocess engineering, mathematical modeling of cellular processes, recombinant ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10404
更新日期:2002-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Squalene is a lipophilic and non-volatile triterpene with many industrial applications for food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Metabolic engineering focused on optimization of the production pathway suffer from little success in improving titers because of a limited space of the cell membrane accommodating the lipop...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.27511
更新日期:2020-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::Flocculation of yeast cells occurs during the fermentation of beer. Partway through the fermentation the cells become flocculent and start to form flocs. If the environmental conditions, such as medium composition and fluid velocities in the tank, are optimal, the flocs will grow in size large enough to settle. After ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19980205)57:3<330::aid-bit
更新日期:1998-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::A complete, integrated process for the production of an innovative formulation of penicillin G acylase from Providencia rettgeri(rPAC(P.rett))of industrial applicability is reported. In order to improve the yield of rPAC, the clone LN5.5, carrying four copies of pac gene integrated into the genome of Pichia pastoris, ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20728
更新日期:2006-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolically active resting (i.e., nongrowing) bacterial cells have a high potential in cofactor-dependent redox biotransformations. Where growing cells require carbon and energy for biomass production, resting cells can potentially exploit their metabolism more efficiently for redox biocatalysis allowing higher spec...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.24404
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The growth dynamics of a methanol utilizing bacterium, L3, in batch bioreactors were experimentally investigated. Formaldehyde, a key intermediate of methanol oxidation, is indicated to have a significant role in the complex batch growth behavior of L3. The intricate batch growth dynamics of many microorganisms can be...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260261113
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reduction and oxidation of steroids in the human gut are catalyzed by hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of microorganisms. For the production of 12-ketochenodeoxycholic acid (12-Keto-CDCA) from cholic acid the biocatalytic application of the 12α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of Clostridium group P, strain C 48-50 (HSDH) is...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.23047
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of ZnCl2 additions on a mercuric reductase, merA, ammonia monooxygenase, amoA, and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) oxidoreductase, hao, gene expression were examined in continuously cultured Nitrosomonas europaea cells. The reactor was operated for 85 days with a 6.9 d hydraulic retention time and with four successi...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22069
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The problems of engineering increased flux in metabolic pathways are analyzed in terms of the understanding provided by metabolic control analysis. Over-expression of a single enzyme is unlikely to be effective unless it is known to have a high flux control coefficient, which can be used as an approximate predictive t...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19980420)58:2/3<121::aid-b
更新日期:1998-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::The secretion of heterologous IgG proteins in the baculovirus-insect cell expression system is accompanied by substantial insoluble immunoglobulin in the infected cells. The accumulation of these insoluble forms suggests a limitation in the processing and secretory pathway of the infected cells. As a result, cytosolic...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Modifications are made to an earlier thermodynamic model (TEEM1) for prediction of maximum microbial yields from aerobic and anaerobic as well as heterotrophic and autotrophic growth. The revised model (TEEM2) corrects for lower yields found with aerobic oxidations of organic compounds where an oxygenase is involved a...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.21250
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immobilization of Streptomyces phaerochromogenes was studied by radiation-induced polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate at low temperatures. Radiation damage of the enzyme could be avoided by choosing irradiation at low temperatures. The enzymatic activity of immobilized cells increased remarkably with a decre...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260210412
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurement of the surface roughness and thickness of biological films is laborious and usually destructive, thus hampering research in this area. We developed a laser triangulation sensor (LTS) set-up for the fast and nondestructive measurement of these biofilm parameters during growth. Using LTS measurements, the mo...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-0290(20001220)70:6<619::aid-bit3>3.0.
更新日期:2000-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::We report the assembly of seven different antibodies (and two antigens) into functional supramolecular structures that are specifically designed to facilitate integration into devices using entirely biologically based bottom-up fabrication. This is enabled by the creation of an engineered IgG-binding domain (HG3T) wit...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22238
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stem cell self-renewal versus differentiation fate decisions are difficult to characterize and analyze due to multiple competing rate processes occurring simultaneously among heterogeneous cell subpopulations. To address this challenge, we describe a mathematical model for cell population dynamics that allows flow cyt...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20244
更新日期:2004-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::An extractive acetonobutylic fermentation process is developed by integrating bioproduction, Ultrafiltration, and distillation, providing simultaneous retention of biomass, selective removal of inhibitors from the permeate, as well as separation and purification of acetone-butanol-ethanol solvents. Successive batch fe...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260350903
更新日期:1990-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical model of glycolysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented. The model is based on rate equations for the individual reactions and aims to predict changes in the levels of intra- and extracellular metabolites after a glucose pulse, as described in part I of this study. Kinetic analysis focuses on a tim...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19970820)55:4<592::AID-BIT
更新日期:1997-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::A semiequilibrium model of chromatography has been developed to account for the elution profile of high concentration bands. The use of this model requires the prior determination of the equilibrium isotherms of the studied compounds in the chromatographic phase system. The model is applied here to a study of the isoc...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260360311
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlorophyllide a was coupled with alpha-(3-aminopropyl)-omega-methoxypoly(oxyethylene) (PEG-NH2) to form a PEG-chlorophyllide conjugate through an acid-amide bond. The conjugate catalyzed the reduction of methylviologen in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. It also catalyzed the photoreduction of NADP+ or NAD+ in the ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.1029
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recently discovered thermophilic bacterium, Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG, ferments a range of C5 (e.g., xylose) and C6 sugars (e.g., glucose) and is tolerant to high ethanol concentrations (10%, v/v). We have investigated the central metabolism of this bacterium using both in vitro enzyme assays and 13C-ba...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22181
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of recombinant adenoviral vectors for vaccination and gene therapy requires the development of purification processes that are cost-effective, scalable, and capable of robust host cell DNA clearance. An adenovirus purification process was developed which incorporates selective precipitation of host cell DNA, e...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20406
更新日期:2005-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::The photosynthetic performance of a helical tubular photobioreactor ("Biocoil"), incorporating the filamentous cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis, was investigated. The photobioreactor was constructed in a cylindrical shape (0.9 m high) with a 0.25-m(2)basal area and a photostage comprising 60 m of transparent PVC tub...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260470218
更新日期:1995-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::A generic "system on a plate" modular multicompartmental bioreactor array which enables microwell protocols to be transferred directly to the bioreactor modules, without redesign of cell culture experiments or protocols is described. The modular bioreactors are simple to assemble and use and can be easily compared wit...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22671
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that the rolA, rolB, and rolC genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA affect processes of plant development and activate the synthesis of secondary metabolites in transformed plant cells. Although a synergistic activity of the rol genes on root formation is well-documented, little is known about their indi...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.21727
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this work, it was discovered that the stability of mRNA in a cell-free extract could be controlled by using engineered T7 terminator sequences. Specifically, it was found that mRNA stability gradually decreased as the length of the stem structure of the T7 terminator was reduced sequentially. As a result of the con...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.21884
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line producing interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) exhibits a 2-fold increase in specific productivity when grown at 32 degrees C compared to 37 degrees C. Low temperature also causes growth arrest, meaning that the cell density is significantly lower at 32 degrees C, nutrients are consum...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10861
更新日期:2004-01-20 00:00:00