Vitamin D as a neurosteroid affecting the developing and adult brain.

abstract：:It is clear that many diseases are known to involve defects in vitamin B6 metabolism, but that even more await definitive studies. Furthermore, some functions of vitamin B6, such as its role in glucocorticoid action (21), have been discovered so recently that the medical implications have not yet been fully explored. ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Merrill AH Jr,Henderson JM

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholesterol and its metabolites play a variety of essential roles in living systems. Virtually all animal cells require cholesterol, which they acquire through synthesis or uptake, but only the liver can degrade cholesterol. The ABCA1 gene product regulates the rate-controlling step in the removal of cellular choleste...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Brunham LR,Singaraja RR,Hayden MR

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caloric restriction (CR), the consumption of fewer calories without malnutrition, and reduced insulin and/or IGFI receptor signaling delay many age-related physiological changes and extend the lifespan of many model organisms. Here, we present and review microarray and biochemical studies indicating that the potent an...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Spindler SR,Dhahbi JM

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nutrient content and nutrient timing are considered key regulators of human health and a variety of diseases and involve complex interactions with the mucosal immune system. In particular, the innate immune system is emerging as an important signaling hub that modulates the response to nutritional signals, in part via...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Nobs SP,Zmora N,Elinav E

更新日期：2020-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Taste is a chemical sense that aids in the detection of nutrients and guides food choice. A limited number of primary qualities comprise taste. Accumulating evidence has raised a question about whether fat should be among them. Most evidence indicates triacylglycerol is not an effective taste stimulus, though it clear...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Mattes RD

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The "fetal origins" hypothesis postulates that conditions, most likely nutritional, "program" the fetus for the development of chronic diseases in adulthood. Associations between the newborn's size at birth and various determinants or consequences of chronic diseases have been identified in many, but not all, of the a...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Rasmussen KM

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are abundant intracellular proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids with high affinity. Nine separate mammalian FABPs have been identified, and their tertiary structures are highly conserved. The FABPs have unique tissue-specific distributions that have long suggested functional di...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Storch J,Corsico B

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past, alcoholic liver disease was attributed exclusively to dietary deficiencies, but experimental and judicious clinical studies have now established alcohol's hepatotoxicity. Despite an adequate diet, it can contribute to the entire spectrum of liver diseases, mainly by generating oxidative stress through its...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Lieber CS

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Birth and adaptation to extrauterine life involve major shifts in the protein and energy metabolism of the human newborn. These include a shift from a state of continuous supply of nutrients including amino acids from the mother to cyclic periodic oral intake, a change in the redox state of organs, thermogenesis, and ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Kalhan SC,Bier DM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of dietary protein in weight loss and weight maintenance encompasses influences on crucial targets for body weight regulation, namely satiety, thermogenesis, energy efficiency, and body composition. Protein-induced satiety may be mainly due to oxidation of amino acids fed in excess, especially in diets with "...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Westerterp-Plantenga MS,Nieuwenhuizen A,Tomé D,Soenen S,Westerterp KR

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are many tumors that have paraneoplastic syndromes. Furthermore, location of certain tumors can result in very specific effects on the host, especially tumors in the hypothalamus, the intestinal tract, or the liver. Finally, tumors of the immune system can have significant distant consequences. However, from dir...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： van Eys J

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some of us who were born in the middle of Europe between World Wars I and II had to face quite a few unusual challenges that we all met in different ways. I was born and raised in Prague, Czechoslovakia, a country at the time of my birth that was governed by a Western style of democracy, which was later destroyed by t...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Chytil F

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The International Agency for Research on Cancer recently released an assessment classifying red and processed meat as "carcinogenic to humans" on the basis of the positive association between increased consumption and risk for colorectal cancer. Diet, however, can also decrease the risk for colorectal cancer and be us...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Hou TY,Davidson LA,Kim E,Fan YY,Fuentes NR,Triff K,Chapkin RS

更新日期：2016-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of several viral infections, including hepatitis, influenza, and AIDS. Dietary oxidative stress due to either selenium or vitamin E deficiency increases cardiac damage in mice infected with a myocarditic strain of coxsackievirus B3. Such dietary oxidative stress also ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Beck MA,Levander OA

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of multiple selenoproteins has raised tantalizing questions about their role in maintaining normal cellular function. Unfortunately, many of these remain inadequately investigated. While they have a role in maintaining redox balance, other functions are becoming increasingly recognized. As the roles of t...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Davis CD,Tsuji PA,Milner JA

更新日期：2012-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Much of the science underlying nutrition has come from biochemical studies. This certainly is true in our understanding of the metabolism and function of such micronutrient cofactors as vitamins and metal ions. My own interest stems from an early desire to understand the molecular events in an organism and ultimately ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： McCormick DB

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a growing view that certain foods, particularly those high in refined sugars and fats, are addictive and that some forms of obesity can usefully be treated as a food addiction. This perspective is supported by a growing body of neuroscience research demonstrating that the chronic consumption of energy-dense f...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Carter A,Hendrikse J,Lee N,Yücel M,Verdejo-Garcia A,Andrews ZB,Hall W

更新日期：2016-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in the knowledge of iron metabolism underscore its complex relationship to overall cell metabolism. One of the key components of the iron uptake and storage pathway is ferritin, a protein that sequesters iron in a nontoxic form. Ferritin synthesis is translationally regulated by iron. Molecules such as...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Mascotti DP,Rup D,Thach RE

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selenium exerts its biological activity largely through selenoproteins, which contain the element in the form of selenocysteine. Five selenoproteins have been characterized in animal tissues and there is evidence that a number of others exist. Selenoprotein synthesis is a complex process that has been well characteriz...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Burk RF,Hill KE

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose is an essential nutrient for the human body. It is the major energy source for many cells, which depend on the bloodstream for a steady supply. Blood glucose levels, therefore, are carefully maintained. The liver plays a central role in this process by balancing the uptake and storage of glucose via glycogenes...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Nordlie RC,Foster JD,Lange AJ

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most severe congenital malformations of the central nervous system. The etiology is complex, with both genetic and environmental factors having important contributions. Researchers have known for the past two decades that maternal periconceptional use of the B vitamin folic acid can ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Molloy AM,Pangilinan F,Brody LC

更新日期：2017-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Tentative qualitative and quantitative amino acid requirements have been reported for the major species of fish reared for market or as replacement stocks for natural waters. Most work has concentrated upon juvenile fish or upon rapidly growing young market fish; these have high protein dietary requirements (30-50%) t...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Wilson RP

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the late 1980s, there has been an explosion of information on the molecular mechanisms and functions of vitamin A. This review focuses on the essential role of vitamin A in female reproduction and embryonic development and the metabolism of vitamin A (retinol) that results in these functions. Evidence strongly s...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Clagett-Dame M,DeLuca HF

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to taste bitter thiourea compounds, such as phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), is inherited. Polymorphisms in the bitter-taste receptor TAS2R38 explain the majority of phenotypic variation in the PROP phenotype. It has been hypothesized that the PROP phenotype is a marker for percep...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Keller KL,Adise S

更新日期：2016-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Thirty years ago, it was suggested that maternal intake of certain vitamins during pregnancy affected the incidence of serious fetal malformations. Subsequent research has revealed that folate (folic acid), a B vitamin, plays a crucial role in the development of the central nervous system during the early weeks of ges...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Butterworth CE Jr,Bendich A

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepcidin, a peptide hormone made in the liver, is the principal regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin controls plasma iron concentration and tissue distribution of iron by inhibiting intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling by macrophages, and iron mobilization from hepatic stores. Hepcidin acts by inhibi...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Nemeth E,Ganz T

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, nutritionally directed alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism appear to be adaptive and to serve important protective roles in the overall economy of the body. These adjustments to nutrition are found at practically every level of thyroid regulation, beginning in the CNS and ending with the final action...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Danforth E Jr,Burger AG

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maternal micronutrient requirements during pregnancy increase to meet the physiologic changes in gestation and fetal demands for growth and development. Maternal micronutrient deficiencies are high and coexist in many settings, likely influencing birth and newborn outcomes. The only recommendation for pregnancy curren...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Christian P

更新日期：2010-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Some coffee brewing techniques raise the serum concentration of total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in humans, whereas others do not. The responsible factors are the diterpene lipids cafestol and kahweol, which make up about 1% (wt:wt) of coffee beans. Diterpenes are extracted by hot water but are retained b...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Urgert R,Katan MB

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans fatty acids raise plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in volunteers when exchanged for cis unsaturated fatty acids in the diet. In addition, trans fatty acids may lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and raise triglyceride and lipoprotein(a) levels in plasma. Trans and cis ...

journal_title：Annual review of nutrition

authors： Katan MB,Zock PL,Mensink RP

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00