Abstract:
:Considering that over half of Americans will die from cardiovascular disease, the over-whelming majority of those deaths being from atherosclerosis, we need to accept and act on the vast body of information derived from investigation of coronary risk factors. Identification of persons at risk needs to be done early--when the patient is in his or her 20s or 30s--not after an infarction has occurred or an angiogram indicates a problem. Although high serum lipid levels are obviously not the only factor involved in development of atherosclerosis, their early identification is a simple, cost-effective way to start preventive care. The concept of "normal" levels of cholesterol and triglyceride must be revised, and that of "safe" levels should be adopted instead. Patients with abnormal electrophoretic patterns should not be the only target; they are only the tip of the iceberg. A typical workup in a young patient consists merely of measurement of cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Further evaluation is necessary if the levels are high or the family history suggests a problem. Lipoprotein electrophoresis and computation of the ratio of high-density lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein are then used not just as predictors but as a guide to therapy. Basic therapy begins with a change in life-style to incorporate dietary reduction of saturated fats and cholesterol and substitution of polyunsaturated fats. Other measures such as cessation of cigarette smoking, introduction of an appropriate exercise program and, most importantly, reduction of body weight complete the game plan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
Postgrad Medjournal_title
Postgraduate medicineauthors
Glatter TRdoi
10.1080/00325481.1984.11698776subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-11-01 00:00:00pages
49-55, 58-9issue
6eissn
0032-5481issn
1941-9260journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Anemia is one of the consistent findings with inflammation. Whether the anemia is helpful or harmful in the general context of the illness is unclear. It may be recognized by demonstration of iron-deficient erythropoiesis due to an internal block in iron supply. Only when its severity is disproportionate to the severi...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1978.11714951
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::By being aware of which patients are at high risk for ingestion or insertion of foreign bodies, physicians can be on the lookout for objects in the gastrointestinal tract and ready to institute initial care. Esophageal foreign bodies and other objects that increase the chance of perforation or obstruction may require ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1992.11701481
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of screening for colorectal cancer is to find early, asymptomatic cancers and adenomatous polyps that are 1 cm or more in diameter or that are villous or tubulovillous histologically. A study using fecal occult blood testing with rehydration and no sigmoidoscopy found that deaths from colorectal cancer can be...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients taking immunosuppressive drugs are susceptible to various forms of infection, including dermatologic disease. Recently, atypical manifestations of scabies have been reported in such patients. In the case reported here, a 26-year-old woman who had had a renal transplant and was taking immunosuppressive drugs h...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1985.11699070
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe illness of any type predictably leads to abnormal results on thyroid function tests. The first apparent changes are a decrease in total triiodothyronine (T3) and an increase in reverse T3. As disease progresses, a marked decline in thyroxine and an increase in T3 resin uptake are observed. Thyrotropin levels re...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1989.11700751
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stenosis in the right common iliac artery of a 61-year-old man was manifested as pain in the right leg and foot and cyanosis of the second and third toes. Dilatation of the lesion was performed using a Grüntzig catheter; arteriography and measurement of femoral artery pressure confirmed a successful result. The patien...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1980.11715543
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::External otitis is directly related to patient habit patterns. It is easily treated, but the habits must be changed to effect permanent cure. Serous otitis media is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss, and its presence my predispose to development of purulent otitis media. Removal of middle ear fluid may ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1977.11712183
更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal peripartum complications continue to be a significant problem in the United States, even among previously healthy women. The problems include peripartum bleeding, infection, hypertension, and thromboembolic disease. Primary care physicians are often called upon to treat these conditions. An awareness of the a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hair loss is a common problem likely to be encountered by a clinical practitioner. The most frequent causes of hair loss in pediatric patients include tinea capitis, alopecia areata, traction alopecia, and trichotillomania. In the adult population, causes to be considered are alopecia areata and hair loss associated w...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699358
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Technical advances over the past few years have rapidly increased the possibilities for filmless radiology services provided by PACS. Such systems are also financially feasible for many healthcare practices, primarily because of the goals achieved through increased efficiency and improved patient care. In coming years...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2001.06.960
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women predominate at all ages among patients diagnosed as having primary fibromyalgia. Of 100 patients reviewed, the average age at onset of fibromyalgia was 46. Of 65 patients in whom menopause occurred before diagnosis of fibromyalgia, the average age at menopause was 42, and most of these women had menopause relate...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699544
更新日期:1986-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal circumcision continues to be a controversial subject. The American Academy of Pediatrics has revised its earlier policy, stating that newborn circumcision has potential benefits as well as risks and emphasizing the need to explain these issues to parents considering the procedure so that an informed decision ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1992.11701325
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research suggests that depression is a risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and that there is a strong link between depression and poor outcomes following a cardiovascular event. It has also provided evidence that depressed patients are less likely to follow recommendations t...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.12.2003.suppl32.191
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oat cell carcinoma is the one variety of primary lung cancer which is sufficiently responsive to a variety of drugs and drug combinations that a very high rate of response and significant prolongation of survival can be consistently achieved. The question of whether anyone has been "cured" by drug treatment awaits mor...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1978.11714758
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Albuminuria has a strong, continuous, direct, linear relationship with adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and chronic kidney disease progression. Even at levels below the accepted upper limit of what is considered "normal" daily albumin excretion (< 30 mg/24 h), a relationship between albumin excretion level and adv...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2009.07.2031
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prompt, thorough evaluation is needed when patients present with symptoms of renal colic, acute urinary retention, prostatitis, pyelonephritis, and other urologic emergencies. Primary care physicians have an important role in initial workup and treatment. Once the diagnosis is determined, urologic consultation may be ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1996.10.100
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many patients with significant carotid artery stenosis are candidates for endarterectomy, a procedure now proved to reduce the incidence of future stroke and death. In this article, Drs Jaigobin and Perry describe an approach to patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis and review current indica...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced jaundice is relatively uncommon but can be a diagnostic puzzle. Because so many pharmaceutical classes and individual agents can produce jaundice, a thorough history of medications taken should be obtained from a patient presenting with jaundice. Jaundice usually resolves when the offending agent is disco...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700445
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes, which is increasing in prevalence, is a multifaceted disease that presents a challenge to the primary care physician. In this article, Drs Flemmer and Vinik review the significant findings of several important clinical trials and present a method of comprehensive staged management to improve the quali...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2000.5.1.1064
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preview Several dermatoses are potentially fatal, and the mortality rate for some is quite high; prompt recognition and treatment are essential. Dr Gannon's succinct discussions of pemphigus vulgaris, necrotizing fasciitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, and urticaria and a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1994.11945875
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The urine of less than 3% of healthy persons shows more than three red cells per high-power field, which is about the limit of sensitivity of test strips for occult blood. Even minimal hematuria may herald serious problems and must be investigated. Common causes include infection, urethritis, and urethrotrigonitis (25...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1987.11699979
更新日期:1987-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Septic shock is a multisystem disorder that represents the host's response to microbial invasion in its most fulminant form. One of the critical defects is a widespread inability to use available substrate for energy production. Endogenous mediators, particularly the cytokines, appear to play an essential role in this...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1989.11704384
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::While more remains to be learned about the natural history of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, better information is now available on which to base decisions about diagnosis and treatment. Several retrospective and prospective studies have placed the value of lung scanning, venography, and pulmonary angiog...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699336
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Symptomatic treatment of transient insomnias is advisable, for without treatment these sleep disorders may become persistent. The drugs of choice are the benzodiazepine hypnotics, which have minimal side effects when used for short periods in properly selected patients. The three such drugs currently available in the ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1984.11698665
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pain is among the most common reasons patients seek medical attention, and the care of patients with pain is a significant problem in the United States. Acute pain (mild-to-moderate intensity) represents one of the most frequent complaints encountered by primary care physicians (PCPs) and accounts for nearly half of p...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2011.03.2270
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease affects children, mostly boys, in the age range of 3 to 12 years. Severity and duration are quite variable. Catterall's classification of disease according to degree of femoral head involvement is of real prognostic value. Other factors of prognostic importance are loss of motion, metaphysea...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1976.11714449
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most patients with type 2 diabetes present with comorbid overweight or obesity. Reaching and maintaining acceptable glycemic control is more difficult in overweight and obese patients, and these conditions are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and other diseases. Glycemic management for these patients ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2010.05.2148
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wound healing calls for little outside interference. All the physician need do is ensure that the wound is clean and debrided and decide whether closure by suture or by granulation tissue formation is indicated. Suture repair should be delayed if the wound is heavily contaminated. Use of skin tapes or of constant-pres...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1983.11698475
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients, whether they live in the community or in long-term care facilities. Management of viral infections in older adults is complicated by factors that include the infrequency or absence of common signs and symptoms of infection and advers...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2005.11.1687
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oculoglandular syndrome and swelling of the parotid gland are unusual manifestations of cat-scratch disease. Although exposure to cats is considered an important part of the patient history, an actual cat scratch is not required to establish the diagnosis. Oral fluoroquinolones show promise in the treatment of the inf...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1992.11701289
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00