Alternative nitrogenase and pseudogenes: unique features of the Paenibacillus riograndensis nitrogen fixation system.

Abstract:

:Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a tightly regulated process that is carried out by diazotrophic microorganisms. The regulatory mechanisms of BNF-related genes are well characterized in Gram-negative models, but they are poorly understood in Gram-positive bacteria. Paenibacillus riograndensis SBR5(T) is a Gram-positive, endospore-forming facultative aerobic diazotroph. Three clusters of BNF-related genes with dissimilar phylogenetic histories were identified in the P. riograndensis genome, and no regulatory genes were recognized. P. riograndensis nifH2 was considered inactive based on transcript and promoter analyses, whereas transcripts of nifH1 and anfH were induced upon nitrogen-limited conditions. The functionality of the alternative nitrogenase system was also validated by enzymatic activity analysis. Fragments upstream of the two active clusters seem to harbor primary functional promoter sequences, producing a constitutive expression pattern in Escherichia coli. Sequences upstream of the anf genes were not recognized by this heterologous host, indicating a very distinct promoter pattern. These results shed light upon the evolutionary history of nitrogen fixation genes in this Gram-positive bacterium and highlight the presence of novel regulatory elements that are yet to be described.

journal_name

Res Microbiol

journal_title

Research in microbiology

authors

Fernandes Gde C,Trarbach LJ,de Campos SB,Beneduzi A,Passaglia LM

doi

10.1016/j.resmic.2014.06.002

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-09-01 00:00:00

pages

571-80

issue

7

eissn

0923-2508

issn

1769-7123

pii

S0923-2508(14)00090-4

journal_volume

165

pub_type

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