Abstract:
:In geographic areas where there is a high risk of esophageal cancer, analysis of cells obtained from the esophagus has been used effectively to detect early lesions. This has been demonstrated on a large scale in studies from China. Using abrasive balloon cytology techniques, 75% of the cancers detected were early lesions, where the 5-year survival after resection was in the range of 90%. Endoscopic followup studies indicate that dysplastic changes in the esophageal mucosa are a common precursor to malignancy. In many cases, the time course from dysplasia to carcinoma in situ to early invasive cancer may take place over many years, allowing a reasonable amount of time for screening. In low-incidence areas, such as the United States, most esophageal cancers are related to the excessive use of tobacco and alcohol. These factors are too common and the incidence of the disease too low, however, to justify screening on this basis. There are smaller groups at higher risk where selective screening by endoscopy with cytology and biopsy is recommended, usually every 1 to 3 years. These include patients with longstanding achalasia, lye strictures, and Plummer- Vinson syndrome. Patients with cancers of the head and neck region and patients with celiac disease may also be considered to be at increased risk. Tylosis is a rare inherited disease with a very high risk of esophageal cancer. There is an increased incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus with Barrett's epithelium, and once identified such patients should be kept under endoscopic surveillance. The finding of severe dysplasia in any of these groups would indicate a shorter screening interval. Most patients with symptoms referable to the esophagus are first tested by barium esophagram. If negative, with persistent symptoms or if a suspicious lesion is identified, endoscopy with cytology and biopsy is recommended. Staging of the cancer is based on the size of the cancer both longitudinally and circumferentially and the presence of extraesophageal spread. At the present time, CT is the best noninvasive method for judging the extent of the cancer. Performance and nutritional status are also determinants of prognosis and should be considered in planning treatment.
journal_name
Semin Oncoljournal_title
Seminars in oncologyauthors
Lightdale CJ,Winawer SJsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-06-01 00:00:00pages
101-12issue
2eissn
0093-7754issn
1532-8708pii
0093-7754(84)90157-Xjournal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Dry mouth (xerostomia) is one of the most common complaints following radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancers. Notably, RT causes irreparable damage to salivary glands that increases the risk for severe and long-term oral and pharyngeal disorders. Several strategies in the treatment of head and neck cancers h...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.12.009
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of non-ionizing radiation therapy that uses a drug, called a photosensitizer, combined with light to produce singlet oxygen ((1)O2) that can exert anti-cancer activity through apoptotic, necrotic, or autophagic tumor cell death. PDT is increasingly being used to treat thoracic mali...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.09.017
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, a randomized study conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG 111) demonstrated that, given by a 24-hour infusion, the combination of cisplatin and paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) is superior to combination cisplatin/cyclophosphamide in previously untreated patients with...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::From February 1985 to June 1993, 173 consecutive, previously untreated patients with small cell lung cancer received individualized treatment tailored to disease extent. Almost all patients (14 of 16) with stage I and II disease and 30 patients with operable stage III disease were submitted to surgery preceded or foll...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the increasing numbers of breast cancers survivors, menopause, its symptoms, and its physical complications are becoming more prevalent problems in this patient population. Hormonal replacement, which has been the cornerstone therapy of menopausal related symptoms for decades, recently has been shown to increase ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2006.08.010
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Combination therapy consisting of Lipiodol (Laboratoire Guerbet, Villepinte, France) containing styrene maleic acid neocarzinostatin and transcatheter arterial embolization (L-TAE) has been an important conservative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined the clinical and pathologic characteristics of ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many small cell carcinomas share morphological and physiological characteristics with normal and neoplastic cells of Pearse's APUD series, including pulmonary APUD cells and pulmonary carcinoid tumors. There is very likely more than one type of APUD cell in the lung, and conclusions that small cell carcinomas and carc...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent malignancy in men, with 604,506 new cases diagnosed yearly worldwide. Maintaining bone health is important during all stages of PC, including patients who experience bone loss from androgen-deprivation therapy and patients who develop bone metastases. Patients with bone metas...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.06.007
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic cancer is the eighth most common cancer in Europe, accounting for 4.1% of cancer deaths in men and 4.8% in women. Standardized pancreatoduodenectomy and left pancreatectomy are the gold standard for routine surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer. Total pancreatectomy should be reserved for positive pancrea...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sonc.2002.37379
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human tumor cloning system is an in vitro assay that has been used to predict response of patients' tumors to conventional antineoplastic agents as well as to biologic agents. In addition, the assay has been used to screen for antitumor activity of newly discovered cytotoxics and biologics. The purpose of the pres...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major consequence of administering increasingly aggressive therapies (chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer is the adverse effects on the bone marrow that may lead to neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and/or anemia. Myelosuppression or bone marrow toxicity may al...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.03.014
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten years of interferon (IFN) therapy have followed the approval of this agent by the US Food and Drug Administration on June 5, 1986. As the first biotherapeutic approved, IFN-alpha paved the way for the many new biotherapeutics. Regardless of this long history, however, we have just touched the surface of understand...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stem cell transplantation has been successfully used to treat a wide variety of hematologic malignancies. New and exciting strategies being developed for use in conjunction with transplant will be useful in overcoming tumor resistance. It is now clear that a significant part of the antitumor effect of allogeneic stem ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are aiding our understanding of cancer biology, and are now coming close to therapeutic use as well. Here, we focus specifically on the interaction between miRNAs and genomic instability. MiRNA regulation is essential to many cellular processes, and escape from this regulatory network seems to be a ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2011.08.003
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remain major obstacles to successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, contributing substantially to morbidity and non-relapse mortality. Better understanding of the immunopathophysiology of GvHD has identified a number of targets for intervention. A...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0093-7754(03)00250-1
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the safety and feasibility of accelerated fractionation (via concomitant boost) radiotherapy (XRT) with concurrent carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy for locally advanced stage III non-small cell lung carcinoma. Radiotherapy consisted of 3-dimensional conformal techniq...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.03.004
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interest in retinoids as therapeutic agents has developed as a result of the observations of remission induction with all-trans retinoic acid (tRA) in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and of high objective response rates noted with the combination of cis-retinoic acid (cRA) with interferon-alpha in sq...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To address the urgent need for novel therapies for multiple myeloma (MM), long-term research efforts have characterized the mechanisms whereby MM cells home to the bone marrow and adhere to bone marrow stromal cells and extracellular matrix proteins. Research also characterizes the functional sequelae of this binding ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/sonc.2002.34072
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carboplatin is one of the most active agents in untreated small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (11% complete response [CR], 59% CR plus partial response [PR]). Combination carboplatin/etoposide/vincristine (CEV) (phase II trial) led to an overall remission rate of 84% in patients with limited disease (LD), with 52% CRs. The ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::While cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract are related by location, they have distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. This review will focus on the molecular biology of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) of which alterations in p53, overexpression of cyclin D1, loss of p16, and aneuploidy have been best c...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.04.019
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improving local tumor control is a goal of modern radiotherapy that will directly impact a majority of cancer patients. Numerous attempts to develop radiosensitizing agents have, however, met with limited clinical success. Recent advances in gene therapeutic approaches have allowed researchers to combine gene therapy ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current oncology practice of treating cancer with aggressive doses of radiation and chemotherapy is potentially disastrous, as response and side effects vary depending on several factors including pharmacogenetics. This study is the first to evaluate esophageal cancer treatment with a pharmacogenetic paradigm and ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.04.031
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) and carboplatin administered in combination to 21 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Paclitaxel was administered as a 24-hour intravenous infusion at doses of 135 to 200 mg/m2. Carboplatin, dosed to a tar...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis is the major action of gemcitabine. In cells, this drug is converted to its triphosphate (dFdCTP), which is incorporated into DNA and terminates DNA strand elongation. After incorporation of gemcitabine nucleotide into the DNA strand, one more deoxynucleotide is incorporated, and t...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Etoposide phosphate (Etopophos; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) is a water-soluble prodrug of etoposide that is converted in vivo by endogenous phosphatases to the active drug etoposide. This conversion process is efficient and not saturable in humans at doses between 50 and 1,600 mg/m2. The resultant eto...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Etoposide has proven to be an active agent in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms, particularly germ cell cancers and small cell lung cancer. Yet despite its widespread use, the optimal dose and schedule for etoposide remain unknown. The fact that its efficacy appears to be schedule dependent, along with the recen...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::For four decades, 5-fluorouracil was the only option available for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. It provided a response rate of 15% to 20%, with a median survival of approximately 1 year. In the past 5 years, remarkable progress has been made in colorectal cancer research with the approval of irinotecan ...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2005.04.022
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately one third of patients diagnosed with early-stage colon cancer will present with lymph node involvement (stage III) and about one quarter with transmural bowel wall invasion but negative lymph nodes (stage II). Adjuvant chemotherapy targets micrometastatic disease to improve disease-free (DFS) and overall...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/j.seminoncol.2011.05.005
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developments in the treatment of extensive small cell lung cancer have proven effective in palliative management but have not yielded improvements in the cure rate for this disease. Strategies involving dose escalation of chemotherapy, including de novo and late intensification dose escalation and dose escalation with...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Combination antimicrotubule therapy with estramustine phosphate (EMP) and vinblastine has reproducible activity in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) with an objective response rate of 31%. Although paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) by 24-hour infusion was inactive in HR...
journal_title:Seminars in oncology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00