Abstract：
:In the present pilot study, an attempt was made to shape and maintain cigarette smoking behavior in rhesus monkeys both with and without the simultaneous use of other reinforcers. Initially, 14 monkeys were trained to suck air and puff on cigarettes using sweetened liquid reinforcer. After smoking had been established, the sweetened liquid reinforcement was removed. Smoking without this reinforcement, referred to as 'voluntary smoking,' was then observed during 20-h daily sessions. Of 14 monkeys studied, 2 have engaged in voluntary smoking for 2 years or longer. The maximum figures recorded for any single 20-h session were 3,271 puffs (20 cigarettes) in one monkey and 16,384 puffs (47 cigarettes) in the other. Although the baseline variability of smoking by these monkeys was quite high, low-nicotine and nicotine-free cigarettes seemed to lead to clear decreases in smoking. In 2 other monkeys that did not perform voluntary smoking, smoking was reestablished under a random-time or a tandem schedule for sweetened liquid reinforcement. Within this situation ('schedule-controlled smoking') schedule manipulations also led to changes in intake of cigarette smoke. The voluntary smoking model described in the present paper should be useful for studying the factors involved in initiating and maintaining smoking behavior and for studying the psychopharmacological effects of smoking, while the schedule-controlled smoking model should be useful for studying the physiological effects of smoking and for studying th relationship of smoking with various disease entities.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Ando K,Yanagita Tdoi
10.1007/BF00431644subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-01-01 00:00:00pages
117-27issue
2eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
72pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Two enantiomers (1S and 1R) of delta-3-tetrahydrocannabinol were assayed in man for psychoactivity. The 1S enantiomer had definite psychic actions, qualitatively similar to those of delta-1-tetrahydrocannabinol, but quantitatively less potent (1:3 to 1:6). Adding the two enantiomers together did not increase the effec...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00176485
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Preclinical studies suggest that medications enhancing the brain gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) system attenuate the rewarding effects of stimulants including nicotine. These preclinical studies have not been followed up in systematic human studies. OBJECTIVES:This study was conducted to examine the effects...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-005-0010-y
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mood-altering properties of amphetamine (AMPH) in humans (euphoria and depression) have been postulated to be related to the increases and decreases respectively which this drug produces in the sensitivity of the reward system of the brain. The present study further evaluated this relationship by testing the effec...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00433801
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Marked changes in biophysical properties, including structural order, have been observed in the hydrophobic core of cell membranes exposed to phenothiazines in vitro. In this study, similar changes are reported in vivo in cell membranes from the brains of rats treated with phenothiazines at doses thought to yield tiss...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00432230
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Training in research ethics is crucial for psychiatric investigators. Addressing ethical dimensions of human subjects research requires knowledge about the rules and norms governing research; sensitivity to ethical implications of actions; and skills in ethics problem solving. Investigators in training who ar...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00213-003-1500-4
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Impulsivity is related to greater risk of nicotine dependence, perhaps by enhancing sensitivity to nicotine's reinforcing and rewarding effects during initial smoking experiences. OBJECTIVE:We examined the influence of impulsivity characteristics on acute sensitivity to nicotine reward, reinforcement, and ot...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-008-1231-7
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Combining neuroleptics with 5-HT1A ligands is thought to improve the preclinical profile of neuroleptics and may be of interest in the development of new compounds that have greater therapeutic potential and/or are better tolerated. OBJECTIVE:To examine 1) the ability of 5-HT1A ligands to alter the effects o...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050972
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most post-mortem autoradiographic studies have described striatal dopamine D(2) receptor up-regulation due to chronic neuroleptic exposure. The aim of our study was to compare in-vivo striatal D(2) receptor density in neuroleptic-naive and neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients. We included 28 young (mean age: 28+/-8...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-003-1644-2
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single-dose pharmacokinetics of alprazolam was studied in 42 normal male volunteers (14 Caucasians, 14 American-born Asians, and 14 foreign-born Asians), after both oral and parenteral (IV) administration of a small dose (0.5 mg) of the test drug. Asians manifested significantly higher Cmax, larger AUC, slower CL and ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00216063
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol on the development of sensitization to ethanol-induced increases in locomotor activity was examined in DBA/2J mice. In Experiment 1, different groups of mice were given saline or ethanol (2 g/kg) immediately before each of four locomotor activity sessions (48-...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245821
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The present study investigates the effects of injections of a specific N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) antagonist 3-[(R)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl]-propyl-1-phophonic acid (CPP) into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) on the extracellular concentrations of dopamine and acetylcholine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-008-1288-3
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Keypecking in one group of pigeons was maintained under schedules in which food was presented only when a specified number of responses was followed by a 30-s pause without a response. d-Amphetamine and pentobarbital increased low rates of responding (and, thus, decreased food presentation) only after initial injectio...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00426485
更新日期：1977-07-18 00:00:00
abstract：:After publication of this paper, the authors determined an error in Fig. 2C. ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-05269-1
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats selectively bred for high alcohol sleep times (HAS) and those that are less affected (LAS) by hypnotic doses (3.0-3.6 g/kg) of ethanol were tested for differential responses to the aversive effects of 1.0 g/kg ethanol in a conditioned place preference task. Likewise, the effects of 0.3-1.0 g/kg ethanol on spontan...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245271
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The majority of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the hippocampus in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) show no differences in hippocampal volume between patients and healthy controls. Significant variability, however, exists in the medication status of patients included in these studies...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-007-0906-9
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cebus apella monkeys were chronically administered the antipsychotic drug fluphenazine decanoate for periods ranging from 3.5 to 5.5 years. In the present study, four of these monkeys and two controls were tested for cognitive abilities on a spatial learning task, which consisted of an original discrimination and four...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00439554
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:We test methods to advance (shift earlier) circadian rhythms without producing misalignment between rhythms and sleep. We previously tested (1) a gradually advancing sleep/dark schedule plus morning bright light and afternoon/evening melatonin and (2) the same sleep schedule with only morning bright light. No...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-012-2869-8
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The augmentation effect of (-)pindolol as used in combination with SSRI to treat major depression has been ascribed to blocking of dorsal raphe nucleus cell body 5-HT autoreceptors. In this study, the radioligand [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635 and positron emission tomography were used to establish whether pindolol at a cli...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130051009
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Self-injection of phencyclidine HCI (PCP) and four of its analogues was examined in baboons. IV injections of drug were dependent upon completion of 160 lever presses (a 160-response fixed-ratio schedule). A 3-h time-out period followed each injection, permitting a maximum of eight injections per day. Self-injection p...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00428537
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:There is a growing concern over excessive caffeine use and development of caffeine use disorder in children. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to identify the association between caffeine intake and cognitive functioning in children. METHODS:This study included 11,718 youths aged 9-10 years with cognitive and caf...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-020-05596-8
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth hormone (hGH) responses to centrally acting dopamine agonists were used as indices of CNS dopaminergic function in order to test hypotheses implicating dopaminergic alteration in the etiopathology of schizophrenia. Apomorphine, a direct acting dopamine receptor agonist, and L-Dopa, an indirect agonist dependent...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00426313
更新日期：1976-12-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Human CSF cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP have been measured as possible indicators of activity of central neurotransmitter-sensitive adenylate or guanylate cyclase. In an attempt to help to identify the specific neurotransmitter systems of origin of human CSF cyclic AMP and GMP, we studied Parkinson patients with and with...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00427396
更新日期：1978-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients taking lithium often report difficulties in concentration, memory, learning, and attention and many of these complaints are verified on psychometric testing. Laboratory tests of cognitive functions in healthy volunteers on chronic lithium demonstrate that disruptions in memory-learning processes are apparent ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00427911
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study assessed the discriminative stimulus effects of the delta-opioid agonist [D-Pen2-D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) in pigeons. Food-restricted pigeons were trained to discriminate between i.c.v injections of 100 micrograms [D-Pen2-D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) and saline in a two-key operant procedure; acquisiti...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The behavioral responsiveness to challenge doses of the D2 agonist quinpirole was examined in 21-day-old normal offspring (experiment 1) as well as offspring exposed gestationally to cocaine (experiment 2). In both experiments weanling rats received a subcutaneous injection of 0 (0.9% saline), 0.04, 0.08, 0.5, or 1.0 ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245109
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This pilot study was conducted to evaluate the potential of the new antidepressant moclobemide to inhibit the cytochrome enzyme P4502D6 (CYP2D6) using the cough suppressant dextromethorphan as a substrate in four extensive metabolizers (EM) of debrisoquine. The subjects received seven oral doses of 20 mg dextromethorp...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050481
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Repeated administrations of ethanol induce a progressive and enduring increase in its locomotor stimulant effects, a phenomenon termed behavioral sensitization that has not been systematically characterized. OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present studies was to characterize the development and expression of ethano...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-008-1266-9
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Although the behavioral effects of systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been extensively investigated, the modulation of these effects by natural environmental factors has received little attention. OBJECTIVES:The present study investigated whether or not locomotor activity reductions and the ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-003-1554-3
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Heavy ecstasy use in humans has been associated with cognitive impairments and changes in cognitive brain function supposedly due to damage to the serotonin system. There is concern that even a single dose of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine may be neurotoxic, but very little is known about the consequences ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-007-0792-1
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MA rats, bred for greater motor impairment following subhypnotic doses of ethanol, were found to be more sensitive to the hypnotic effects of phenobarbital and chloral hydrate than were LA rats. In addition, the previously reported finding of a difference between the two lines of rats in duration of loss of righting r...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00426674
更新日期：1979-02-28 00:00:00
