Abstract：
:In order to study the perception of intracranial reward in the rat, a rewarding hypothalamic brain stimulation served as conditioned stimulus (CS) in an avoidance paradigm. The rate of self-stimulations behavior was used to estimate the strength of intracranial reward and reinforcement. Tests of stimulus generalization were performed by modifying the electrical parameters of the CS so as to form a set of substitute stimuli (SS). Results show that the discrimination gradient depends mainly on the rewarding value of the intracranial stimulation. A Stevensian power function relates the percentage of avoidance responses to the intensity of the self-stimulation behavior, which in turn was estimated by such methods as continuous reinforcement frequency, fixed ratio schedules, weight, choice, self-regulation and cost methods. Moreover, the latency of the avoidance responses is related directly to the magnitude of the self-stimulation elicited by the same brain stimulations. On grounds of this data, we assume that the internal decisional process could discriminate well between the different brain stimuli on the basis of the rewarding value produced. Differences observed between methods evaluating the magnitude of reinforcement induced by the rewarding electrical brain stimuli are thus mainly due to differences in motor performances required by each method to obtain the electrical reward.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
De Witte Pdoi
10.1016/0031-9384(82)90139-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-03-01 00:00:00pages
447-55issue
3eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
0031-9384(82)90139-1journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Psychological stress is an important perpetuating, worsening and risk factor for temporomandibular disorders of muscular or articular origin. Occlusion instability, by the way, is considered a risk factor of this pathology and can be reproduced in some experimental animal models. The exact physiologic mechanism underl...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.026
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preferences for sucrose, sodium chloride (NaCl), urea and hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions (representing sweet, salty, bitter and sour stimuli) were examined in rats with bile duct ligation using 24-hr two-bottle choice tests. Preferences in bile duct ligated rats for sucrose and NaCl solutions were decreased relativ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(88)90105-9
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For a given fish species, individuals are different in their ability to cope with stressors; each individual has its own set of physiological and behavioral responses to stress (stress-coping style). This individual diversity is of importance when considering the welfare of fish reared in aquaculture facilities. In th...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112576
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bilateral intracranial injections of puromycin (10 micrograms/0.5 microliter vehicle) into the preoptic area (POA) of steroid-primed ovariectomized rats resulted in a significant decrease in the lordosis response when compared to saline treated controls. To determine the extent of puromycin diffusion after intracrania...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(84)90162-8
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been proposed that homing pigeons may use pilotage to orient home when released from familiar sites. To test this possibility, a group of pigeons was released from familiar locations after being exposed to a constant bright light. This treatment produced the loss of the circadian rhythmicity of general activity...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90344-f
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sweet is widely considered to be one of a small number of basic or primary taste qualities. Liking for sweet tasting substances is innate, although postnatal experiences can shape responses. The power of sweet taste to induce consumption and to motivate behavior is profound, suggesting the importance of this sense for...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.007
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty to thirty percent of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from not only motor disorder, but also symptoms of dementia, named Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Cognitive deficits in PDD include memory, recognition, and attention. Although patients with PDD show fluctuation of internal attention when t...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.017
更新日期：2014-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Midbrain raphe lesions induced aggressive behavior which was characterized by defensive aggression rather than offensive aggression in nature. Furthermore, raphe-lesioned rats exhibited muricide. This muricide included not only mouse-killing but also mouse-eating behavior. Both dorsal and medial raphe lesioned (dm-R) ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(77)90166-4
更新日期：1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of olfactory input in the regulation of food intake and feeding patterns in rats was investigated by performing bilateral olfactory bulbectomy. Compared to control rats, bulbectomized rats ate the same amounts of food, but did so via a decrease in meal size, and a doubling in meal number. Although no increase...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90238-b
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult male Betta splendens were gonadectomized and tested twice for aggressive behavior two weeks later. In a mutual viewing test environment, it was found that gonadectomized animals maintained their aggressive behavior on all six indices of aggression at a level equal to controls. Animals that showed some testis reg...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(79)90139-2
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are several techniques used to measure body composition in experimental models including dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR). DEXA/QMR data have been compared in mice, but have not been compared previously in rats. The goal of this study was to compare DEXA and QMR d...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.12.004
更新日期：2011-04-18 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the relationship between perceived bitterness, food disgust sensitivity, and sex. Participants completed the 8-item Food Disgust Scale and a 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taster test and were categorised as PROP non-tasters, medium-tasters, or supertasters. An analysis of variance of between-subject fact...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.036
更新日期：2019-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in 2 species of hibernator, dormice (Glis glis) and ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis), suggests that induced behaviors may reflect activation of specific neural systems, rather than merely activation of a single central mechanism interacting with internal and ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(86)90111-3
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery might modify the gut microbiota composition differently in the three distinct anatomical sections of the small intestine compared to sham surgery. We showed that RYGB induced changes in the microbiota of the alimentary limb and the common channel resembling those seen after preb...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.06.008
更新日期：2013-07-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Sufficient oral microelements such as zinc and fully chewing of foods are required to maintain cognitive function despite aging. No knowledge exists about the combination of factors such as zinc deficiency and reduced mastication on learning and memory. Here we show that tooth extraction only in 8-week-old mice did no...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.10.005
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Valine-proline-aspartate-proline-arginine (VPDPR), the amino terminal pentapeptide of pancreatic procolipase, produced a dose-dependent reduction in food intake when injected intraperitoneally into Osborne-Mendel rats that had been starved overnight. This inhibition of feeding was observed when the rats were fed a hig...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(91)90349-s
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Specific areas of feline central gray (CG) modulate affective aggression elicited by hypothalamic stimulation and produce analgesia, possibly mediated by enkephalins. Despite correlations between opiates and aggressive behavior suggested previously, their relationship has not been clearly demonstrated. The goal of thi...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(87)90209-5
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new method for comparing the effects of small and large intestinal mechanical stimulation was developed. Isolated intestinal loops were created by the Thiry-Vella method from the lower duodenal--upper jejunal, and from the upper colonic portion of the gut, respectively. This preparation allows parallel evaluation of...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(94)00301-k
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using microdialysis, we showed recently that hypothalamic immuno-reactive insulin (IRI) levels increased after a meal of chow and decreased in response to a fat meal. In the present study, we have compared extracellular hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic basal IRI levels and investigated the effect of meals composed e...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 更正并重新发布的文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00061-x
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The non-absorbable substitute for dietary triacylglycerol, olestra, has been marketed in the United States for fifteen years. Olestra is comprised of sucrose with six to eight of its hydroxyl groups forming ester links with long-chain fatty acids. Because olestra is not hydrolyzed by fat-splitting enzymes in the small...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.12.018
更新日期：2012-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The sympathetic nervous system and adrenal catecholaminergic tissue act to prepare an animal for "fight or flight" by release of catecholamines into synapses and plasma. However, few studies have measured plasma catecholamines in nonmammalian vertebrates and none have measured them in free-living animals. We report pl...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00500-8
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Housing mice in the presence of small particles of titanium has been shown to reduce stress-responsive behavior via the autonomic nervous system. Here, we examined the effects of nighttime titanium exposure on stress parameters and autonomic nerve activity in office workers with emotional stress. A randomized double-b...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.09.009
更新日期：2012-12-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Forty-two nondieting adult males were given 8 or 16 oz of lemonade, sweetened to equal intensity with either aspartame or sucrose, or the same volumes of water, or no drink. Subjects were separated into three groups receiving the drinks at different times: with a self-selection lunch, or 30, or 60 min before lunch. Fo...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(90)90254-2
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten pairs of obese and nonobese monkeys, matched for age and sex, received one liquid test meal a day for 4 days. Testing was conducted during the middle of a 6-h period of food deprivation. At all other times the monkeys were freely fed on maintenance chow biscuits. The first test meal of grape and orange flavor drin...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90010-d
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As with mosquitoes, female tabanid flies search for mammalian hosts by visual and olfactory cues, because they require a blood meal before being able to produce and lay eggs. Polarotactic tabanid flies find striped or spotted patterns with intensity and/or polarisation modulation visually less attractive than homogene...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.06.013
更新日期：2013-07-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study examined responsiveness of newborn rats to a surrogate nipple providing fluids with basic tastes (sweet, sour, bitter and salty) and assessed the effects of this first gustatory experience on subsequent responding to the nipple itself (empty nipple) or the nipple providing water. Responsiveness (atta...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00672-2
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cautery disbudding of goat kids causes thermal burns and tissue destruction, which results in acute and post-operative pain and negatively affects animal welfare. The objectives of this study were to evaluate acute cortisol concentrations and behavioral responses associated with (1) injecting a lidocaine ring block pr...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112942
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of temperature and food availability on social bonds and group formation are poorly understood. Because seasonal transitions in female social behavior facilitate the assembly of winter groups in meadow voles, we explored the role of same-sex female associations in winter sociality. To examine the effects o...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.021
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethanolic extract of leaves of Morus alba L. (M. alba), known as white mulberry, was orally administered (100 mg/kg b.wt) for 8 weeks to female Wistar rats that were fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), to investigate the potential of M. alba leaves in attenuation of obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and defici...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.12.010
更新日期：2019-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Our previous studies have shown that in long-term two-bottle preference tests, mice from the C57BL/6ByJ (B6) inbred strain drink more monosodium glutamate (MSG) and inosine monophosphate (IMP) than mice from the 129P3/J (129) inbred strain. The goal of this study was to examine whether this variation in consumption co...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.07.016
更新日期：2009-10-19 00:00:00
