Abstract:
:Major endemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil are located in the drier, poorly forested regions, principally in the northeastern States such as Ceará and Bahia. Cases of the human disease in the Amazon Region are rare, very sporadic, and seldom present opportunities for epidemiological study. Following the report of a fatal case near Salvaterra, the Island of Marajó, Pará State, a preliminary investigation has resulted in the isolation of a parasite regarded as Leishmania donovani chagasi from the viscera and skin of an apparently healthy fox, Cerdocyon thous, captured in the same locality. This represents the third recorded isolation of the parasite from this species of fox in the Amazon Region. The inapparent nature of the infections supports the suggestion that this canid may represent the primitive natural host of L. d. chagasi. C. thous is commonly associated with forested or wooded areas, and enzymic profiles for the enzymes ASAT, ALAT, PGM, GPI, MDH, MPI, G6PD, PEP and ACP failed to distinguish an isolate of L. d. chagasi from this animal in Pará from others obtained from cases of human visceral leishmaniasis in the neighbouring States of Maranhão, Ceará and Bahia. This suggests that the major, present-day endemics may have originated from a primary silvatic enzootic.
journal_name
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygauthors
Silveira FT,Lainson R,Shaw JJ,Póvoa MMdoi
10.1016/0035-9203(82)90119-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-01-01 00:00:00pages
830-2issue
6eissn
0035-9203issn
1878-3503journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The antitumour antibiotic bleomycin, supplied as commercial BlenoxaneR (a mixture of bleomycinic acids), at 7 or 14 mg/kg prolonged life greater than 30 days beyond death of controls without relapse or sign of trypanosomes in the peripheral blood of mice infected with Trypanosoma b. brucei EATRO 110. Control mice died...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(81)90101-2
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Leptospirosis has a mortality rate of 5-20%. Poor prognostic factors are older age; oliguria; elevated potassium, creatinine and/or bilirubin levels; and altered mental status. We conducted this retrospective study to analyse the predictors of mortality among Indian patients with leptospirosis. METHODS:Clin...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/trstmh/tru144
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus antibody, using the reversed passive haemagglutination inhibition test, was carried out in Saudi Arabia on sera from imported livestock at Jeddah seaport, as well as humans who had contact with imported animals on farms and in quarantine stations. Antibodies were dete...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90014-6
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alpha-feto protein (alpha-FP) is now accepted as a very useful serum marker of hepatocarcinoma, and since its discovery in 1963, surveys have been carried out in various regions of the world, where hepatoma is particularly prevalent, which have shown that alpha-FP may be detected in 50 to 80% of patients with liver ca...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(75)90157-1
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A seroepidemiological survey of bancroftian filariasis was carried out in 2 townships in Sri Lanka with the objectives of determining the microfilaraemia rates, dependence on age and sex, susceptibility to re-infection, effect of diethylcarbamazine therapy on serum antibodies to microfilarial surface antigens, and the...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(89)90511-7
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is an urgent need for a non-toxic and low-cost treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis. We synthesised and tested in vivo an amphotericin B-poly(methacrylic acid) drug (AmB-PMA) that had previously shown in-vitro activity against Leishmania major and L. donovani parasites. Efficacy was determined using L. major fo...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.08.010
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria transmission varies from village to village and even from family to family in the same village. The current study was conducted in northern Ethiopia to identify risk factors responsible for such variations in a hypoendemic highland malaria setting: 2114 children aged < 10 years living in 6 villages situated cl...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(00)90424-3
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Artemisinin derivatives are becoming the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in areas with widespread resistance to chloroquine. Although generally safe and well tolerated, it has been suggested from animal experiments, and more recently from one human study with artemether-lumefantrine, that these compound...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.02.017
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vector potential of Culicoides variipennis for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) was investigated. Insects from a colony maintained at the Animal Virus Research Institute, Pirbright, were fed through a membrane on a mixture of mouse blood and RVFV (virus concentration of blood meal 7 X 95 log10 MLD50ml). Engorged ins...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(82)90216-4
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spread of HIV-1 infection among women of childbearing age has led to increasing numbers of children at risk of vertical transmission. This study aimed to assess child outcomes among HIV-positive (n=19) and AIDS (n=22) mothers from Central West Brazil. CD4(+) T-cell counts (FACScount, BD) and viral loads (HIV-1 RT-...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.03.016
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In French Guiana, American cutaneous leishmaniasis is localized in the skin. The host response appears to be effective since few extra- or intracellular organisms can be found in tissue lesions, and we never observed any cutaneous dissemination or visceral involvement. However, this response is not fully effective sin...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(88)90419-1
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe 3 returned travellers who developed profuse watery diarrhoea associated with marked blood eosinophilia. Delayed appearance of ova in stool samples caused difficulty in establishing diagnoses of acute hookworm infection. Low activity of ivermectin against hookworm resulted in failure of empiric treatment wi...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(03)90073-3
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical and epidemiological features of 62 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, from Pará State, Amazonian Brazil, are discussed. The parasite, isolated in hamster skin and/or blood-agar culture medium, was in each case identified by both biological characteristics and a mo...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(91)90437-4
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In highly malaria-endemic areas, thick smears are usually positive regardless of the clinical context. Therefore the simple positivity or negativity of the thick smear is not an adequate criterion for distinguishing malaria from other causes of fever. In order to define simple parasitological and clinical criteria for...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(85)90054-9
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Young African children with severe malaria are given quinine using a regimen designed for Thai adults. We measured quinine in the blood, plasma and plasma water of young children in Kenya after rapid intravenous and intramuscular dosing, and calculated the therapeutic range of unbound quinine. The peak plasma quinine ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(93)90494-b
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mapping an area at risk of epidemics of meningococcal meningitis in Africa has significant implications for their prevention and case treatment, through the targeted development of improved surveillance systems and control policies. Such an area was described using information obtained from published and unpublished r...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90089-1
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the distribution of rheumatoid factor isotypes amongst patients with loiasis with and without accompanying glomerulonephritis to determine the possible role of rheumatoid factor antiglobulins in this disease. Our findings indicate an increase in both immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM rheumatoid factor isot...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(92)90183-d
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serological testing of paired (i.e. admission and convalescent) sera from 103 fever patients in Kathmandu, Nepal, was performed to estimate the prevalence rates of scrub typhus, murine typhus, Leptospira and dengue virus antibodies and to determine their role in the cause of active infections. Blood cultures from 15 p...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.02.015
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spread of chloroquine-resistant malaria has led to a resurgence of quinine in clinical use. One of the well-known side effects of quinine, reversible hearing loss, is closely related to the plasma concentration. We suggest that this hearing effect could be used as an aid in therapy control when quinine drug assay ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(90)90069-q
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 25 cases of pellagra and 10 healthy controls, the blood pyruvic acid levels in the fasting stage and after 60 and 90 minutes of glucose load were estimated by the technique of Friedmann & Haugen (1943). The blood pyruvic acid levels after 60 and 90 minutes of glucose load were significantly higher in pellagrins as ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(77)90200-0
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lassa fever (LF) is an acute viral haemorrhagic infection, endemic in West Africa. Confirmatory diagnosis and treatment (ribavirin) is difficult, expensive, and restricted to specialised hospitals. Among confirmed and suspected LF cases, we report on clinical and laboratory features, timing and administratio...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/trstmh/tru009
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chloroquine can no longer be recommended as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in several parts of Africa because of the increasing prevalence of chloroquine resistance. However, chloroquine was a highly effective treatment for malaria not only because of its ability to kill parasites quickly but also ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(98)90962-2
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of spatial and temporal factors on onchocerciasis transmission by Simulium exiguum s.l. and S. quadrivittatum in Ecuador was investigated to help develop sampling protocols for entomological surveillance of ivermectin programmes. Flies were collected in alternate months (November 1995-November 1996) at f...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.03.012
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We aimed to characterise the genetic determinants and context of two meropenem-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from children hospitalised with bloodstream infections in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS:Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion E-test and b...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/trstmh/traa173
更新日期:2021-01-27 00:00:00
abstract::30 pairs of patients with complicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (with anaemia, hyperpyrexia, jaundice or more than 5% of erythrocytes parasitized) were studied. Patients with cerebral signs and symptoms were excluded. One group of patients was treated with oral mefloquine (750 mg) and artemether (600 mg by injecti...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(88)90187-3
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five days after receiving a Plasmodium falciparum NF54 infectious blood meal, Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were fed rat anti-P, falciparum sporozoite or rabbit anti-R32tet32 antibodies. Sporozoites isolated from salivary glands were tested by the inhibition of sporozoite invasion (ISI) assay using monoclonal antibod...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(89)90481-1
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The seroprevalence of toxocariasis was investigated in 1997/98 in 1009 schoolchildren (aged 5-12 years) throughout Trinidad. Infection, as measured by titre, was found to be high compared to values obtained from children in other countries. Using an excretory-secretory antigen and performing an ELISA test, it was foun...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90281-6
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency surveys in Afghan refugees and a local community in the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan, showed that this trait was most common among Pathan and Uzbak refugees (15.8% and 9.1% respectively). The prevalence among Pakistani Pathans was 7.0%, and that in Tajik ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(95)90661-4
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marked spatiotemporal variabilities in mosquito infection of arboviruses, exemplified by the transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) in America, require adaptive strategies for mosquito sampling, pool screening and data analyses. Currently there is a lack of reliable and consistent measures of risk exposure, which may c...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.03.019
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims at estimating the recent trends in HIV-1 prevalence and the factors associated with infection among pregnant women in the Gulu District of north Uganda, a rural area severely affected by civil strife. In 2000-2003, a total of 4459 antenatal clinic attendees of Lacor Hospital were anonymously tested for...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.09.002
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00