The Monte Carlo calculation of integral radiation dose in xeromammography.

abstract：:[(18)F]Fluorothymidine (FLT) is a cell proliferation marker that undergoes predominantly hepatic metabolism and therefore shows a high level of accumulation in the liver, as well as in rapidly proliferating tumours. Furthermore, the tracer's uptake is substantial in other organs including the heart. We present a nonli...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Gray KR,Contractor KB,Kenny LM,Al-Nahhas A,Shousha S,Stebbing J,Wasan HS,Coombes RC,Aboagye EO,Turkheimer FE,Rosso L

更新日期：2010-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:To calculate photon spectra for a 10 MV x-ray beam emitted by a medical linear accelerator, we performed numerical analysis using the aluminium transmission data obtained along the central axis of the beam under the narrow beam condition corresponding to a 3x3 cm2 field at a 100 cm distance from the source. We used th...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Shimozato T,Tabushi K,Kitoh S,Shiota Y,Hirayama C,Suzuki S

更新日期：2007-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:DMSA imaging is carried out in nuclear medicine to assess the level of functional renal tissue in patients. This study investigated the use of an artificial neural network to perform diagnostic classification of these scans. Using the radiological report as the gold standard, the network was trained to classify DMSA s...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Wright JW,Duguid R,McKiddie F,Staff RT

更新日期：2014-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:It is not feasible to define very small or complex organs and tissues in the current voxel-type adult reference computational phantoms of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), which limit dose coefficients for weakly penetrating radiations. To address the problem, the ICRP is converting the v...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Kim HS,Yeom YS,Nguyen TT,Choi C,Han MC,Lee JK,Kim CH,Zankl M,Petoussi-Henss N,Bolch WE,Lee C,Qiu R,Eckerman K,Chung BS

更新日期：2017-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Protons and carbon ion beams for hadron therapy can be delivered by cyclotrons with a fixed energy. In order to treat patients, an energy degrader along the beam line will be used to match the particle range with the target depth. Fragmentation reactions of carbon ions inside the degrader material could introduce a sm...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Morone MC,Calabretta L,Cuttone G,Fiorini F

更新日期：2008-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Percutaneous coronary interventions are associated with increased radiation exposure compared to most radiological examinations. This prospective study aimed at (1) measuring entrance doses for all in-room personnel, (2) performing an assessment of patient effective dose and intracoronary doses, (3) investigating the ...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Efstathopoulos EP,Makrygiannis SS,Kottou S,Karvouni E,Giazitzoglou E,Korovesis S,Tzanalaridou E,Raptou PD,Katritsis DG

更新日期：2003-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Intra-fractional motion is a concern during prostate radiation therapy, as it may cause deviations between planned and delivered radiation doses. Because accurate motion information during treatment delivery is critical to address dose deviation, we developed the projection marker matching method (PM3), a novel method...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Chi Y,Rezaeian NH,Shen C,Zhou Y,Lu W,Yang M,Hannan R,Jia X

更新日期：2017-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a promising medical imaging technique for visualizing the three-dimensional distribution of tracer materials, specifically iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP). The optimization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) plays an essential role to improve the image resolution and sensitivity of imag...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Arsalani S,Loewa N,Kosch O,Radon P,Baffa O,Wiekhorst F

更新日期：2020-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The color Doppler ultrasound twinkling artifact, which highlights kidney stones with rapidly changing color, has the potential to improve stone detection; however, its inconsistent appearance has limited its clinical utility. Recently, it was proposed stable crevice bubbles on the kidney stone surface cause twinkling;...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Simon JC,Sapozhnikov OA,Kreider W,Breshock M,Williams JC,Bailey MR

更新日期：2018-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of different scatter compensation methods incorporated in fully 3D iterative reconstruction are investigated. The methods are: (i) the inclusion of an 'ideal scatter estimate' (ISE); (ii) like (i) but with a noiseless scatter estimate (ISE-NF); (iii) incorporation of scatter in the point spread function during...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Beekman FJ,Kamphuis C,Frey EC

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Single monochromator charge-coupled device (CCD) array spectroradiometers have the advantage of ease of use and speed compared with double grating instruments. Their inherently inferior stray-light rejection, however, can critically affect their accuracy in phototherapy and research-related dosimetry applications. Thi...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Coleman A,Sarkany R,Walker S

更新日期：2008-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic liver disease (CLD) is currently one of the major causes of death worldwide. If not treated, it may lead to cirrhosis, hepatic carcinoma and death. Ultrasound (US) shear wave elastography (SWE) is a relatively new, popular, non-invasive technique among radiologists. Although many studies have been published va...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Kagadis GC,Drazinos P,Gatos I,Tsantis S,Papadimitroulas P,Spiliopoulos S,Karnabatidis D,Theotokas I,Zoumpoulis P,Hazle JD

更新日期：2020-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes the development and characterization of a fully automated in vitro cell irradiator using an electronic brachytherapy source to perform radiation sensitivity bioassays. This novel irradiator allows complex variable dose and dose rate schemes to be delivered to multiple wells of 96-well culture plat...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Fowler TL,Fulkerson RK,Micka JA,Kimple RJ,Bednarz BP

更新日期：2014-03-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Respiratory research with mice using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) has been predominantly hindered by the limited resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a result of respiratory motion artefacts. In this study, we develop a novel technique for capturing the lung microstructure in vivo using micro-CT, thro...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Namati E,Chon D,Thiesse J,Hoffman EA,de Ryk J,Ross A,McLennan G

更新日期：2006-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The medical imaging and therapeutic technologies that are based on the use of radiation are reviewed briefly, with special emphasis on the recent developments of synchrotron radiation (SR) methods. New results have been achieved in all of these areas since the last comprehensive reviews were written in this field. Thi...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Suortti P,Thomlinson W

更新日期：2003-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Two detectors for fast two-dimensional (2D) and quasi-three-dimensional (quasi-3D) verification of the dose delivered by radiotherapy beams have been developed at University and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) of Torino. The Magic Cube is a stack of strip-segmented ionization chambers interleaved with wat...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Cirio R,Garelli E,Schulte R,Amerio S,Boriano A,Bourhaleb F,Coutrakon G,Donetti M,Giordanengo S,Koss P,Madon E,Marchetto F,Nastasi U,Peroni C,Santuari D,Sardo A,Scielzo G,Stasi M,Trevisiol E

更新日期：2004-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well known that the experimental dosimetry of brachytherapy sources presents a challenge. Depending on the particular-dosimeter used, measurements can suffer from poor spatial resolution (ion chambers), lack of 3D information (film) or errors due to the presence of the dosimeter itself distorting the radiation f...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： McJury M,Tapper PD,Cosgrove VP,Murphy PS,Griffin S,Leach MO,Webb S,Oldham M

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed and tested a GSO (gadolinium oxyorthosilicate) position-sensitive gamma detector which can be used with positron and single-photon radionuclides for imaging breast cancer or sentinel lymph node detection. Because GSO has a relatively good energy resolution for annihilation gammas as well as low energ...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Yamamoto S,Matsumoto K,Senda M

更新日期：2006-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The Studsvik thermal-neutron facility was originally designed for neutron capture radiography (NCR) at high thermal-neutron fluence and low fast-neutron contamination. It has now been modified to permit irradiation of living cells and animals without the need for stopping and restarting the R2-0 reactor. Previous calc...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Pettersson OA,Chiangmai SN,Grusell E,Larsson B

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The stochastic nature of cavitation implies visualization of the cavitation cloud in real-time and in a discriminative manner for the safe use of focused ultrasound therapy. This visualization is sometimes possible with standard echography, but it strongly depends on the quality of the scanner, and is hindered by diff...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Arnal B,Baranger J,Demene C,Tanter M,Pernot M

更新日期：2017-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:In magnetic particle imaging (MPI), the relation between the particle distribution and the measurement signal can be described by a linear system of equations. For 1D imaging, it can be shown that the system matrix can be expressed as a product of a convolution matrix and a Chebyshev transformation matrix. For multidi...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Weber A,Knopp T

更新日期：2015-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:A bilateral comparison of national dosimetric standards for high dose rate brachytherapy has been conducted between the Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel and the University of Wisconsin Accredited Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory. A complete overview of the methods that are currently in use to establish the two nat...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Douysset G,Gouriou J,Delaunay F,DeWerd L,Stump K,Micka J,Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel.,University of Wisconsin Accredited Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory.

更新日期：2005-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Dynamic SPECT is a relatively new technique that may potentially benefit many imaging applications. Though similar to dynamic PET, the accuracy and precision of dynamic SPECT parameter estimates are degraded by factors that differ from those encountered in PET. In this work we formulate a methodology for analytically ...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Kadrmas DJ,DiBella EV,Huesman RH,Gullberg GT

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Determination of the cardiorespiratory phase of the heart has numerous applications during cardiac imaging. In this article we propose a novel view-angle independent near-real time cardiorespiratory motion gating and coronary sinus (CS) catheter tracking technique for x-ray fluoroscopy images that are used to guide ca...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Panayiotou M,Rhode KS,King AP,Ma Y,Cooklin M,O'Neill M,Gill J,Rinaldi CA,Housden RJ

更新日期：2015-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Computer tomographic (CT) scans are used to correct for tissue inhomogeneities in radiotherapy treatment planning. In order to guarantee a precise treatment, it is important to obtain the relationship between CT Hounsfield units and electron densities (or proton stopping powers for proton radiotherapy), which is the b...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Schneider U,Pedroni E,Lomax A

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 'EXACT3D' positron tomograph, which is now in routine clinical research use, was developed with the aim of achieving unprecedented sensitivity, high spatial and temporal resolution and simplicity of design using proven detector technology. It consists of six rings of standard detector blocks (CTI/Siemens EXACT HR+...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Spinks TJ,Jones T,Bloomfield PM,Bailey DL,Miller M,Hogg D,Jones WF,Vaigneur K,Reed J,Young J,Newport D,Moyers C,Casey ME,Nutt R

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New definitions of the absorbed dose conversion factors Clambda and CE are proposed. The absorbed dose in water is given by the product of absorbed dose conversion factor, exposure calibration factor, ionisation chamber reading, cap displacement correction factor and perturbation correction factor. At exposure calibra...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Shiragai A

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In magnetic resonance (MR) guided radiotherapy, the magnetic field-dependent change in the dose response of ionization chambers is typically included by means of a correction factor [Formula: see text]. This factor can be determined experimentally or calculated by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. To date, a smal...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Pojtinger S,Kapsch RP,Dohm OS,Thorwarth D

更新日期：2019-07-04 00:00:00

abstract：:In positron emission tomography (PET) with pixelated detectors, a significant number of annihilation photons interact with scintillation crystals through single or multiple Compton scattering events. When these partial energy depositions occur across multiple crystal elements, we call them inter-crystal scatter (ICS) ...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Park H,Lee JS

更新日期：2020-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Image-guided radiation therapy using implanted fiducial markers is a common solution for prostate localization to improve targeting accuracy. However, fiducials that are typically used for conventional photon radiotherapy cause large dose perturbations in patients who receive proton radiotherapy. A proposed solution h...

journal_title：Physics in medicine and biology

authors： Cheung J,Kudchadker RJ,Zhu XR,Lee AK,Newhauser WD

更新日期：2010-12-07 00:00:00