Abstract：
:Diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging health concerns of the 21st century. With at least 30% of the diabetic population remaining undiagnosed, effective and early diagnosis is of critical concern. Development of a diagnostic test, more convenient and reliable than those currently used, would therefore be highly beneficial. Urine as a diagnostic medium allows for non-invasive detection of biomarkers, including some associated with type 2 diabetes and its complications. This review provides a synopsis of those urinary biomarkers that potentially may provide a basis for the development of improved diagnostic tests. Three main pathways for the sourcing of potential makers are identified: kidney damage, oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation including atherosclerosis/vascular damage. This review briefly presents each pathway and some of the most relevant urinary biomarkers that may be used to monitor the development or progression of diabetes and its complications. In particular, biomarkers of renal dysfunction such as transferrin, type IV collagen and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase might prove to be more sensitive than urinary albumin, the current gold standard, in the detection of incipient nephropathy and risk assessment of cardiovascular disease. Inflammatory markers including orosomucoid, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, vascular endothelial growth factor and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, as well as oxidative stress markers such as 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine may also be useful biomarkers for diagnosis or monitoring of diabetic complications, particularly kidney disease. However, the sensitivity of these markers compared with albumin requires further investigation.
journal_name
Diabetes Metab Res Revjournal_title
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviewsauthors
Matheson A,Willcox MD,Flanagan J,Walsh BJdoi
10.1002/dmrr.1068subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-03-01 00:00:00pages
150-71issue
3eissn
1520-7552issn
1520-7560journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies have associated diabetes mellitus (DM) with the reduced risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm and thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. We used the national insurance data of Taiwan to examine these correlations for an Asian population. The association was also evaluated by DM severity. METHODS:We id...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2585
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As basal insulin analogues are being used off-label, there is a need to evaluate their safety (maternal hypoglycaemia and fetal and perinatal outcomes) and efficacy [haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, and maternal weight gain]. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current literature con...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1213
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:This study was designed to investigate the association between pancreatic fat content (PFC) and insulin secretory capacity as well as glucose tolerance in Korean adults. MATERIALS:A total of 39 participants (mean age 49.9 years, 53% males) without a previous history of diabetes, or those previously diagnosed as h...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3425
更新日期：2020-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study aimed to investigate whether oestradiol differs between premenopausal women with and without type 1 diabetes and whether levels are associated with such factors as age, reproductive history or diabetes management. METHODS:Oestradiol in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes (n = 89; age = 18-50...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2829
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) showed that tight glycemic control with any of several therapeutic regimens has the potential to significantly reduce the risk for long-term microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes. An important question that remains to be answered is what is the best approa...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.304
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Education is essential in insulin pump therapy, but literature in the field is limited. We systematically reviewed insulin pump education programmes and their effects in two situations as follows: (1) basic education at the start of insulin pump therapy, providing the study design enabled us to separate the effects of...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3412
更新日期：2020-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Various different systems have been proposed to classify diabetic foot ulcers, but none has gained widespread acceptance. The International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) developed a classification system for research purposes, which is described in this report. In this PEDIS system, all foot ulcers should...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.464
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:HLA region is the major locus (IDDM1) of type 1 diabetes (T1D) susceptibility. It explains approximately 50% of the genetic background of T1D, indicating additional genetic determinants. Genome scans and candidate gene studies have generated several chromosomal candidate regions that may have a role in T1D d...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.424
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with diabetes may undergo an approximately 24-h fast for a voluntary religious observance or in preparation for a medical procedure. Commonly, patients will manage their diabetes before and during such fasting without guidelines from their doctors, often because they did not ask for advice. The physician shou...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1169
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well established that hyperglycaemia is associated with many negative cardiovascular and immunological effects. Because of the high prevalence of underlying vascular disease along with associated infection, patients with diabetic foot ulcers are especially vulnerable to these adverse consequences. While studies ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2741
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Stable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics, such as the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide, are approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 has a spectrum of anti-diabetic effects that are of possible utility in the treatment of more severe forms of diabetes. METHODS:The present study has evaluated the ef...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2608
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type 2 diabetes is responsible for the increased prevalence of ischaemic heart disease, generally related to coronary artery disease, which is associated with increased morbidity and death in diabetic patients. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, one of the many factors involved in cell growth and...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1050
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neck circumference, beyond a measure of obesity, is a unique fat depot with increasing significance. This study aimed to investigate the association between neck circumference and biomarkers, indicators of cardiovascular risk. METHODS:During 2009, 490 volunteers (46 ± 16 years, 40% men) were consecutively e...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2369
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Our previous studies showed that some Korean type 2 diabetic patients could maintain long-term normal blood glucose control without any medication, referred to as remission after a certain period of normalization of blood glucose level by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment. In this stu...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.343
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the abnormal protein and lipid composition of diabetic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) could impair its anti-inflammatory functions. Whether nonenzymatic glycation directly impaired the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL in innate immunity remained unclear. METHODS:Huma...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1297
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Proatherogenic stimuli during foetal life may predispose to development of atherosclerosis in adulthood. Elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and C-reactive protein (CRP) expression is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS:In this study, we examined how ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.867
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An appropriate diet represents the cornerstone for diabetes therapy. Diets that differ in their carbohydrate, lipid and protein content are used but the evidence of their effects on the long term is missing. Several confounding factors and compliance to diet render difficult the evaluation of the 'best diet' for diabe...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type：
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2512
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria has been proposed as the pathogenic mechanism for chronic complications of diabetes. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more vulnerable to reactive oxygen species. However, there are few data on the mitochondrial DNA damage in diabetes and these...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1203
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The proposed 2015 US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines recommend diabetes screening for individuals ≥45 years or demonstrating other risk factors for dysglycemia. Still, many patients with dysglycemia remain undiagnosed, and opportunities for early intervention are lost. METHODS:To test novel approa...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2674
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Environmental factors such as nutrition or exposure to infections play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We have previously shown that gluten-free, non-purified diet largely prevented diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In this study we tested hypothesis that early intro...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.748
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although obesity has been associated with a higher risk for premature death, the sex and ethnic-origin specific body mass index (BMI) levels that are associated with increased mortality are controversial. We investigated the 40-year cumulative all-cause mortality, in relation to the BMI in adult life, among ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2642
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To evaluate the association between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and mortality by gender. METHODS:A total of 17 248 eligible participants from a rural Chinese prospective cohort population were included. The same questionnaire interview and anthropometric and laboratory measurements were performed at both b...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3129
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sustained hyperglycaemia induces increased renal oxygen consumption resulting in reduced oxygen availability in the diabetic kidney. We investigated the roles of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase and the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) for the increased oxygen consumption ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1099
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Lispro Mix 25% insulin lispro/75% insulin lispro protamine (LM25) and Lispro Mix 50% insulin lispro/50% insulin lispro protamine (LM50) were compared as starter insulins in East Asian patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:Phase 4, open-label, randomized trial conducted in China, Japan, Korea, and Turkey. S...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2816
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Childhood obesity is encouraged by low physical activity (PA), time spent using screens (screen time, ST), and by sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (SSBc). It is also influenced by unfavorable parents' characteristics, such as a high body mass index (BMI) and low education level (EL). Our aim was to evalu...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.3199
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament is the most widely used test to diagnose the loss of protective sensation. The commonly used protocol of the International Consensus on the Diabetic Foot includes a 'sham' application that allows for false-positive answers. We sought to study the heretofore unexamined significance...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.2465
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:The adipocyte derived peptide hormone leptin is known to regulate apoptosis and cell viability in several cells and tissues, as well as having several pancreatic islet beta-cell specific effects such as inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This study investigated the effects of leptin upo...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.726
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cross-sectional and family studies identified angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene as a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN). The contribution of ACE gene variants to DN development and progression is controversial and varies among different ethnic/racial groups. METHODS:We investigated the associa...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.1006
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In patients with type 1 diabetes, three main variables need to be assessed to optimize meal-related insulin boluses: pre-meal blood glucose (BG), insulin to carbohydrate ratio (I : C), and basal insulin. We are presenting data for a novel use of the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (HEC) in patients with ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.727
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been shown to alter the properties of bone and impair fracture healing in both humans and animals. The objective of this study was to examine changes in the histomorphometrical, histological and mechanical parameters of bone and remodeling during fracture healing, depending ...
journal_title：Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/dmrr.537
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
