Physiology and therapeutic potential of the thymic peptide thymulin.

Abstract:

:Thymulin is a thymic hormone exclusively produced by the epithelial cells of the thymus. After its discovery and initial characterization in the '70s, it was demonstrated that the production and secretion of thymulin are strongly influenced by the neuro-endocrine system. Conversely, a growing body of evidence, to be reviewed here, suggests that thymulin is a hypophysiotropic peptide. Additionally, a substantial body of information pointing to thymulin and a synthetic analog as anti-inflammatory and analgesic peptides in the central nervous system brain and other organs will be also reviewed. In recent years, a synthetic DNA sequence encoding a biologically active analog of thymulin, metFTS, was constructed and cloned in a number of adenovectors. These include bidirectional regulatable Tet-Off vector systems that simultaneously express metFTS and green fluorescent protein and that can be down-regulated reversibly by the addition of the antibiotic doxycycline. A number of recent studies indicate that gene therapy for thymulin may be an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent some of the hormonal and reproductive abnormalities that typically appear in congenitally athymic (nude) mice, used as a suitable model of neuroendocrine and reproductive aging. Summing up, this article briefly reviews the publications on the physiology of the thymulin-neuroendocrine axis and the anti-inflammatory properties of the molecule and its analog. The availability of novel biotechnological tools should boost basic studies on the molecular biology of thymulin and should also allow an assessment of the potential of gene therapy to restore circulating thymulin levels in thymodeficient animal models and eventually, in humans.

journal_name

Curr Pharm Des

authors

Reggiani PC,Schwerdt JI,Console GM,Roggero EA,Dardenne M,Goya RG

doi

10.2174/1381612820666140130211157

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-01-01 00:00:00

pages

4690-6

issue

29

eissn

1381-6128

issn

1873-4286

pii

CPD-EPUB-58924

journal_volume

20

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Recent Advances of In-Silico Modeling of Potent Antagonists for the Adenosine Receptors.

    abstract::The rapid advancement of computer architectures and development of mathematical algorithms offer a unique opportunity to leverage the simulation of macromolecular systems at physiologically relevant timescales. Herein, we discuss the impact of diverse structure-based and ligand-based molecular modeling techniques in d...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612825666190304123545

    authors: Samanta PN,Kar S,Leszczynski J

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Novel Drugs for Hypertension and Heart Failure: Struggling for a Place Under the Sun.

    abstract::Backgound: Current drug therapy for the management of arterial hypertension and heart failure has provided substantial benefits but has also some limitations. LCZ696, a dual inhibitor of angiotensin receptor blockers and neprilysin, and finerenone, a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, are two recentl...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612823666170206154706

    authors: Faselis C,Boutari C,Doumas M,Imprialos K,Stavropoulos K,Kokkinos P

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Blood serum atherogenicity and coronary artery calcification.

    abstract::The phenomenon of blood serum atherogenicity was described as the ability of human serum to induce lipid accumulation in cultured cells. The results of recent two-year prospective study in asymptomatic men provided the evidence for association between the changes in serum atherogenicity and dynamics of carotid intima-...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1381612820666140212194614

    authors: Sobenin IA,Myasoedova VA,Anisimova EV,Pavlova XN,Möhlenkamp S,Schmermund A,Seibel R,Berenbein S,Lehmann N,Moebus S,Jöckel K,Orekhov AN,Erbel R

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • How to Treat Patients with Essential Hypertension and Peripheral Arterial Disease.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Arterial hypertension (AH) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) frequently coincide. While significant attention is paid to AH, PAD is often underestimated. It is known that both AH and PAD present high cardiovascular risks for ischemic events. To date, the use of the most common anti-hypertensive drugs in ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612823666170608083605

    authors: Signorelli SS

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Alpha2-antiplasmin on cardiovascular diseases.

    abstract::Circumstantial evidence has been provided of a role of the plasminogen/plasmin system in a variety of biological phenomena, including thrombolysis, vascular stenosis, reproduction, embryogenesis, cell invasion, angiogenesis, brain function and chronic lung or kidney inflammatory disorders. Inhibition of the system occ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161206776056038

    authors: Matsuno H

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Hypertension - Current Natural Strategies to Lower Blood Pressure.

    abstract::The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) worldwide is high and is constantly rising. HTN is considered to be a silent killer since often there are no obvious symptoms but long-term, HTN significantly increases the risk of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases. Those with diagnosed HTN or at high risk of its ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612823666170215144649

    authors: Rysz J,Franczyk B,Banach M,Gluba-Brzozka A

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Inflammation, infection and preterm birth.

    abstract::Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Pathological processes that have been linked with preterm birth infection and / or intrauterine inflammation are most frequently found associated with their induction. Studies in animal models and human research showed prior infections to the ind...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612820666140130202224

    authors: Burdet J,Rubio AP,Salazar AI,Ribeiro ML,Ibarra C,Franchi AM

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines as an option for preventing cervical malignancies: (how) effective and safe?

    abstract::We carried out a systematic review of HPV vaccine pre- and post-licensure trials to assess the evidence of their effectiveness and safety. We find that HPV vaccine clinical trials design, and data interpretation of both efficacy and safety outcomes, were largely inadequate. Additionally, we note evidence of selective ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Tomljenovic L,Spinosa JP,Shaw CA

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Benefits and Limitations of Polymorphic and Amorphous Forms of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients.

    abstract::Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can exist in different polymorphic forms as well as in amorphous state. Polymorphic and amorphous forms of APIs can differ in physicochemical properties which in turn can significantly influence their therapeutic safety and effectiveness of the treatment. This review focuses on...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612822666160804100036

    authors: Talaczynska A,Dzitko J,Cielecka-Piontek J

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Novel targets for antiinflammatory and antiarthritic agents.

    abstract::Inflammation is a complex pathological condition associated with exaggerated human immune system involving various activated immune cells and bio-molecules. Treatment of inflammatory diseases particularly chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease etc. has been a big challen...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161206777698945

    authors: Kulkarni RG,Achaiah G,Sastry GN

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of High Intensity Statin Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Dyslipidemia in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Diabetic dyslipidemia has specifics that differ from dyslipidemia in patients without diabetes, which contributes to accelerated atherosclerosis equally as dysglycemia. The aim of this study was to deduce the interdependence of diabetic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), therapeutic strategies a...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612824666171227215708

    authors: Vavlukis M,Kedev S

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Allergic Asthma: A Summary from Genetic Basis, Mouse Studies, to Diagnosis and Treatment.

    abstract::Asthma is an allergic disease that affects approximately 300 million people worldwide. Two of its phenotypes routinely assessed at the clinic include airway hyperresponsiveness and IgE production. They can be measured in a non-invasive manner and have been used for genetic studies. The genetic complexity of asthma and...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612822666160829141708

    authors: Kanagaratham C,Radzioch D

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Novel approaches in the treatment of angiogenic eye disease.

    abstract::Angiogenic eye disease is among the most common causes of blindness worldwide. Current treatment approaches are insufficiently effective and partially associated with significant adverse effects. From an investigational view, the eye provides an ideal setting to observe real-time and serial observations of angiogenesi...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612054367292

    authors: Wegewitz U,Göhring I,Spranger J

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Radiopharmaceuticals for oncology drug development: a pharmaceutical industry perspective.

    abstract::Oncology remains an increasingly important focus of therapeutic development yet there remain many scientific and operational bottlenecks to deliver optimum treatments efficiently. Radiopharmaceuticals constitute a group of methodologies able to support the many stages of drug development. Methods such as [(18)F]-FDG-P...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161209787581977

    authors: Murphy PS,Bergström M

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Safety and efficacy of ximelagatran: meta-analysis of the controlled randomized trials for the prophylaxis or treatment of venous thromboembolism.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Ximelagatran has been approved in Europe for VTE prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery at fixed doses and without laboratory monitoring. Aim of the study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of ximelagatran in a meta-analysis of prophylaxis and/or treatment randomized controlled trials. METHODS:Absolute risk of ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.2174/138161205774580534

    authors: Iorio A,Guercini F,Ferrante F,Nenci GG

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Nanoscale Delivery Systems: Actual and Potential Applications in the Natural Products Industry.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Compounds and extracts derived from natural sources continue to stand in the spotlight of drug design owing to their versatile interaction with enzymes, receptors and metabolic pathways. Nanomedicine offers an operative tool for the efficient delivery of natural products, in terms of increased bioavailabilit...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612823666170220155540

    authors: Simona AD,Florina A,Rodica CA,Evelyne O,Maria-Corina S

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • The Applications of 3D Printing in Pulmonary Drug Delivery and Treatment of Respiratory Disorders.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Pulmonary diseases are the third leading cause of morbidity worldwide, however treatment and diagnosis of these diseases continue to be challenging due to the complex anatomical structure as well as physiological processes in the lungs. METHODS:3D printing is progressively finding new avenues in the medical...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612825666181206123414

    authors: Haque S,Md S,Whittaker M,Kaminskas LM

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors: molecular pharmacology and interactions with other phosphodiesterases.

    abstract::Erectile function is determined by tight regulation of relaxation or contraction of corpus cavernosal smooth muscle, which is the result of a long and complex chain of molecular events. Control of erectile function resides in signaling pathways of the central and peripheral nervous system, as well as intracellular eve...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161205774913426

    authors: Seftel AD

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Risk Factors for Myocardial Infarction in Women and Men: A Review of the Current Literature.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease has been the leading cause of death in both sexes in developed countries for decades. In general, men and women share the same cardiovascular risk factors. However, in recent trials including both men and women sexspecific analyses have raised awareness of sex differences in cardiovasc...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612822666160309115318

    authors: Pedersen LR,Frestad D,Michelsen MM,Mygind ND,Rasmusen H,Suhrs HE,Prescott E

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Mitochondrial biogenesis: regulation by endogenous gases during inflammation and organ stress.

    abstract::The influence of mitochondrial dysfunction on pathological states involving inflammatory and/or oxidative stress in tissues that do not show frank cellular apoptosis or necrosis has been rather difficult to unravel, and the literature is replete with contradictory information. Although such discrepancies have many pot...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612820666140306095717

    authors: Suliman HB,Piantadosi CA

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Diabetes, cognitive function, and the blood-brain barrier.

    abstract::From a complications standpoint, diabetes mellitus is a disease of the vasculature. Diabetics face a considerably higher risk of developing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Both large and small blood vessels are susceptible to alterations from diabetes. Endothelial cell dysfunction associated with small ve...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161208784705441

    authors: Huber JD

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Promising Nanomaterial in Drug Delivery.

    abstract::The solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) usually consists of active drug molecules along with solid lipids, surfactants, and/or co-surfactants. They possess some potential features such as nano-size, surface with a free functional group to attach ligands, and as well they prove safe homing for both lipophilic as well as h...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612825666190903155321

    authors: Rajpoot K

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibition/activation: trip of a scientist around the world in the search of novel chemotypes and drug targets.

    abstract::Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes which catalyze CO(2) hydration to bicarbonate and protons. Five genetically distinct classes are known, which represent an excellent example of convergent evolution. Inhibition of α-CAs from vertebrates, including humans, with sulfonamides was exploited clinical...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161210793429797

    authors: Supuran CT

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Adipobiology of disease: adipokines and adipokine-targeted pharmacology.

    abstract::In recent years, the simple paradigm of adipose tissue as merely a fat store is rapidly evolving into a complex paradigm of this tissue as multipotential secretory organ, partitioned into a few large depots, including visceral and subcutaneous location, and many small depots, associated with a variety of organs in the...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612033455152

    authors: Chaldakov GN,Stankulov IS,Hristova M,Ghenev PI

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Ligand Conjugated Targeted Nanotherapeutics for Treatment of Neurological Disorders.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Human brain is amongst the most complex organs in human body, and delivery of therapeutic agents across the brain is a tedious task. Existence of blood brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from invasion of undesirable substances; therefore it hinders the transport of various drugs used for the treatment of...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612826666200417141600

    authors: Mittal S,Ashhar MU,Qizilbash FF,Qamar Z,Narang JK,Kumar S,Ali J,Baboota S

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Medicinal Plants and Atherosclerosis: A Review on Molecular Aspects.

    abstract::Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory vascular disease that is characterized by progressive accumulation of cholesterol in the arterial walls and it is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Issues related to the side effects of synthetic drugs have in recent times, led to the misuse of drugs, a lack of patient consult...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612824666180911121525

    authors: Gholipour S,Sewell RDE,Lorigooini Z,Rafieian-Kopaei M

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical implications of macrolide therapy in chronic sinopulmonary diseases.

    abstract::Macrolides have broad antibacterial spectrum and proven efficacy in the management of respiratory tract infections. Over the past decade there has been progressive interest in these agents for their potential role as tissue modifying, anti-inflammatory agents. Increasingly, the effect of macrolides on numerous cell ty...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612043383304

    authors: Martinez FJ,Simon RH

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • The clinical applications of curcumin: current state and the future.

    abstract::Curcumin is a natural polyphenol product derived from the rhizome of the Curcuma longa. In vivo and in vitro studies have uncovered many important bioactivities of curcumin, such as antioxidant activity, inducing cell apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, anti-cell adhesion and motility, anti-angiogenesis and anti...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Fan X,Zhang C,Liu DB,Yan J,Liang HP

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Anticancer agents: tumor cell growth inhibitory activity and binary QSAR analysis.

    abstract::The tumor cell growth inhibitory activities (log 1/GI(50)) of 166 anticancer agents studied at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in vitro anticancer screening program have allowed us to analyze the relative importance of physicochemical parameters in influencing the inhibitory activities. Increased molecular weight,...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1381612043384925

    authors: Ren SS,Lien EJ

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • Non-analgesic effects of opioids: the cognitive effects of opioids in chronic pain of malignant and non-malignant origin. An update.

    abstract::Opioids constitute the basis for pharmacological treatment of moderate to severe pain in cancer pain and non-cancer pain patients. Their action is mediated by the activation of opioid receptors, which integrates the pain modulation system with other effects in the central nervous system including cognition resulting i...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161212803582522

    authors: Højsted J,Kurita GP,Kendall S,Lundorff L,de Mattos Pimenta CA,Sjøgren P

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00