Abstract:
:The general methods used to complete measurements of human exposures are identified and illustrations are provided for the cases of indirect and direct methods used for exposure analysis. The application of the techniques for external measurements of exposure, microenvironmental and personal monitors, are placed in the context of the need to test hypotheses concerning the biological effects of concern. The linkage of external measurements to measurements made in biological fluids is explored for a suite of contaminants. This information is placed in the context of the scientific framework used to conduct exposure assessment. Examples are taken from research on volatile organics and for a large scale problem: hazardous waste sites.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Lioy PJdoi
10.1289/ehp.95103s335subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-04-01 00:00:00pages
35-43eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
103 Suppl 3pub_type
杂志文章abstract::To study the effect of processing on polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) levels, milk from four dairy herds containing less than 0.3 ppm (fat basis) of physiologically incorporated PBBs was presented individually into cream, skim milk, butter, and stirred curd cheese. Pasteurized and freeze-dried whole milk, skim milk, and ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.782337
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Locating geographic hot spots of cancer may lead to new causal hypotheses and ultimately to new knowledge of cancer-causing factors. The Cape Cod region of Massachusetts has experienced elevated incidence of breast cancer compared with statewide averages. The origins of the excess remain largely unexplained, even afte...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.02110471
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A subset of workers was followed after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and furans in an occupational medicine clinic setting. Patterns of PCBs found in adipose tissue resembled the pattern seen when soot from the incident or Aroclor 1254 was examined by GC-MS. Adipose tissue also revealed levels...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8560241
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the composites and sealants used in dentistry are based on bisphenol A diglycidylether methacrylate (Bis-GMA). Reports revealed that in situ polymerization is not complete and that free monomers can be detected by different analytic methods. Concerns about the estrogenicity of bisphenol A (BPA) and other aroma...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0010821
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we determined the biologic activity of dichloromethane-extracted particulate matter < 10 micro m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) obtained from filters at three sites in the Paso del Norte airshed, which includes El Paso, Texas, USA; Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, and Sunland Park, New Mexico, USA. The extrac...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6058
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used the case-crossover design to identify any increase in mortality in Seoul, Korea, when there were higher levels of ambient air pollution on case-days than would be expected solely as a result of chance. This empirical study showed that either unidirectional retrospective (selecting only control days prior to de...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107633
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cadmium is a commonly occurring toxic food contaminant, but health consequences of early-life exposure are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the associations between cadmium exposure and neurobehavioral development in preschool children. METHODS:In our population-based mother-child cohort study in...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1104431
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental chemicals that function as estrogens have been suggested to be associated with an increase in disease and dysfunctions in animals and humans. To characterize chemicals that may act as estrogens in humans, we have compared three in vitro assays which measure aspects of human estrogen receptor (hER)-mediat...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.961041084
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the enzyme that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses and neuromuscular junctions. However, results from our laboratory and others indicate that AChE has an extrasynaptic, noncholinergic role during neural development. This article is a review of our findi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s181
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human exposure to carcinogenic Cr(VI) compounds is found among workers in a large number of professional groups, and it can also occur through environmental pollution. A significant number of toxic waste sites contain Cr as a major contaminant. In this paper we summarize our efforts to apply measurements of DNA-protei...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s4969
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In previous attempts to model disposition of 1,3-butadiene in mice and rats, parameter values for 1,2-epoxybut-3-ene metabolism were optimized to reproduce elimination of this gas from closed chambers. However, each of these models predicted much higher concentrations of circulating epoxybutene than were subsequently ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s5911
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Striking similarities have been observed in a number of extrapulmonary responses of rodents to seemingly disparate ambient pollutants. These responses are often characterized by primary decreases in important indices of cardiac and thermoregulatory function, along with secondary decreases in associated parameters. For...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109s4539
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inoculation of tumorigenic prostatic stroma and nontumorigenic prostatic epithelia into the subcutaneous space of syngeneic rats induced the development of carcinosarcoma. The induced tumors, which were composed of a mixture of adenocarcinoma and fibrosarcoma, were androgen responsive. This model offers a novel mechan...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.887723
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The populations of the developed nations of the world exhibit an increase in blood pressure with age, while in primitive societies blood pressure remains relatively constant throughout adult life. Hypertension may be a complex of diseases all having the same clinical manifestations but not being caused necessarily by ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.792935
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of reactive oxygen species resulting from the interaction of silica dust particles with red blood cell membranes was investigated; particularly, the effect of surface hydroxyl (silanol) group concentration on the rate of formation of such reactive oxygen species was investigated. The rate of formation wa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9087337
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adapting to extreme heat is becoming more critical as our climate changes. Previous research reveals that very few communities in the United States have programs to sufficiently prevent health problems during hot weather. OBJECTIVE:Our goal was to examine county-level local heat preparedness and response in...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1306693
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the effectiveness of mass screening for uterine cancer in Japan, we compared the changes in the age-adjusted rates of potential years of life lost (PYLL) due to uterine cancer between 1969 and 1972 to 1973 through 1977 between the high coverage-rate (intensively screened) areas and the comparable control a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.908751
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent data from deep uranium mines in Czechoslovakia indicated that mines are exposed to other mutagenic factors in addition to radon daughter products. Mycotoxins were identified as a possible source of mutagens in these mines. Mycotoxins were examined in 38 samples from mines and in throat swabs taken from 116 mine...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.101-1521117
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001 in New York City resulted in the massive release of pulverized dust and combustion products. The dust and smoke settled in the surrounding area, which encompassed a large residential community. We hypothesized that previously normal residents in the ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7375
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Agricultural use of antimicrobials in subtherapeutic concentrations is increasing in response to the rising demand for food animal products worldwide. In India, the use of antimicrobials in food animal production is unregulated. Research suggests that many clinically important antimicrobials are used indiscr...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP292
更新日期:2017-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::The neurochemical basis of memory has been approached experimentally in four different ways: the bioassay; the interventive approach; the interventive-correlative approach; and the correlative approach. These approaches are fundamentally similar to those used for the study of the chemistry of any behavior. Each of the...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.7826143
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many naturally occurring and man-made chemicals present in the environment possess estrogenic activity. Examples include plant and fungal products, pesticides, plasticizers, and other agricultural and industrial chemicals. These environmental estrogens as well as endogenous ovarian estrogens are thought to initiate th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s729
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A brief history of the development of the field of aquatic toxicology is provided. In order to provide a perspective on the state-of-the-art in aquatic toxicology relative to classical toxicology, the two fields are compared from the standpoint of the type of scientist practicing each field, the respective objectives ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8034159
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade much information has been published on the analysis of organics extracted from treated water. Certain of these organics have been shown to be by-products of the chlorination disinfection process and to possess harmful effects at high concentrations. This has resulted in increased interest in alter...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.824687
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We characterized an endocrine disruptor from ground corncob bedding material that interferes with male and female sexual behavior and ovarian cyclicity in rats and stimulates estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cell proliferation. The agents were identified as an isomeric mixture of...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.10659
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethene is, on a molar basis, a major urban air pollutant. It has been shown beyond doubt that a fraction of inhaled ethene is metabolized in mammals (including humans) via ethylene oxide, an electrophilic reagent that has been shown to be mutagenic and carcinogenic. To the extent that the linearity hypothesis for dose...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.102-1566931
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Eliminating silicosis is a priority of the International Labour Organization and the World Health Organization. Prevalence is particularly high in developing countries. OBJECTIVES:We describe trends in silicosis among South African gold miners who had had an autopsy between 1975 and 2007 and quantify the co...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0900918
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This working paper summarizes the known ultrastructural and biochemical effects of lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic on subcellular organelle systems following in vivo administration. Documented metal-induced alterations in nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal, and lysosomal functions are discussed in relation to thei...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.782237
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Ambient particulate pollution and traffic have been linked to myocardial infarction and cardiac death risk. Possible mechanisms include autonomic cardiac dysfunction. METHODS:In a repeated-measures study of 46 patients 43-75 years of age, we investigated associations of central-site ambient particulate po...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901003
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study constitutes one part of a program for assessing the impact of coal-fired power plants on the surrounding communities. A questionnaire was mailed to a total of 12,000 subjects living in six areas with coal-fired plants and in matched reference areas. The participation rate was 77.3%. In one coal-fired plant/...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8670239
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00