Abstract:
:The paper examines the controversy surrounding legislative proposals in New York State that would require amending the public health law's stringent confidentiality provisions; the legislation calls for "unblinding" the results of a 7-year old statewide HIV seroprevalence study that tests newborns for HIV antibodies in order to track the incidence of HIV infection among parturient women. The pivotal point is made that mandatory disclosure of the test results is tantamount to mandatory testing of the mother, since presence (or absence) of HIV antibodies conclusively reveals the mother's HIV status. The author presents the history of the epidemiological study and documents the ongoing discussion of mandatory testing, within the medical, bioethical and public health community. Citing numerous papers, including the report of the Subcommittee on Newborn Screening of the New York State AIDS Advisory Council, the author--a member of both the council and its subcommittee--argues against the principle of mandatory testing in general and "unblinding" of the seroprevalence survey in particular. Besides making a strong argument from the ethical viewpoint, the paper provides ample medical data to support the argument that mandatory testing of newborns is poor public health policy that would be essentially ineffectual in the effort to stem the spread of HIV.
journal_name
J Community Healthjournal_title
Journal of community healthauthors
Dumois AOdoi
10.1007/BF02260335subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-04-01 00:00:00pages
143-59issue
2eissn
0094-5145issn
1573-3610journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine levels of food security among American Indians (AI) living in the Midwest and possible correlations between food security levels and various health outcomes, diet, and demographic variables. This study used a cross-sectional design to determine health behaviors among AI. Part...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-018-0501-5
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of the novel H1N1 virus prompted the Houston Department of Health and Human services (HDHHS) to use the existing sentinel surveillance system to effectively monitor the situation of novel H1N1 virus in the Houston metropolitan area. The objective of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9386-2
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite availability of a safe, effective vaccination, uptake and completion rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination remain low in the United States. This is particularly true in the southeast, which also sees some of the highest rates of HPV-associated (HPVa) cancers. We aimed to identify areas in Alabama in ...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-019-00690-1
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::African Americans in Atlanta, Georgia disproportionately reside in communities with limited access to healthy foods. Collaborations with local corner stores to provide healthy food options have been identified as an evidence-based intervention that could be used to increase food access. This paper describes the commun...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00840-w
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decreasing health disparities must increase access to care, improve health education and ease navigating the health care system. Community Health Workers (CHW) take on these tasks in professional and culturally competent manners. The Healthy Families Brooklyn (HFB) Program serves residents in two public housing develo...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9388-0
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study compared the effects of a community-based lay home visiting initiative for pregnant adolescents, the Norfolk Resource Mothers Program, with the effects of a more traditional clinic-based program. The Resource Mothers Program (RMP) supports disadvantaged teens through the use of para-professional home visito...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02260520
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health disparities have long affected American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. Transformations are needed in academia to help understand Indigenous 'ways of knowing.' Lifting the voices of AI/ANs in telling their stories could improve the education of students, faculty and the lay public. We collaborated...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-019-00669-y
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To better understand and promote physical activity on a newly constructed trail, the present study examined the demographic characteristics and physical activity behaviors of trail users; the demographic characteristics of trail users compared to the demographic profile Greenville County, South Carolina residents; tra...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9530-z
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hispanic women have more than a 1.5-fold increased cervical cancer incidence and mortality compared to non-Hispanic white women in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control recommends the HPV vaccine for females at ages 11 and 12 years, though it is approved for females aged 9-26 to protect against the primar...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9395-1
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess perceptions of risk and related factors concerning COVID-19 epidemic among residents in Chongqing city, China. METHODS:With convenience sampling, a web questionnaire survey was conducted among 476 residents living in Chongqing on February 13rd to 14th in 2020, when citizens just started to get back...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00870-4
更新日期:2020-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::Safe sleep practices reduce an infant's risk for sudden infant death syndrome and sleep-related death. While rates of infants placed on their back to sleep are high, other safe sleep practices are less widely implemented. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using cosmetologists as health promoters for inf...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-013-9757-y
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::One in five maternal deaths are directly attributable to anaemia in the world. The World Health Organization recommends iron supplementation from the second trimester of pregnancy to 45 days after delivery. The aim of this study was to determine the compliance rate of iron-folate consumption and the factors associated...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-013-9806-6
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The population of Greenland is diminishing and environmental and social shifts implicate food availability and the health of reproductive age women. There is little knowledge of the grocery store food environment in Greenland. To address this gap and provide baseline information the present study measured food availab...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-017-0400-1
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Free clinics across the country provide free or reduced fee healthcare to individuals who lack access to primary care and are socio-economically disadvantaged. This study examined perceived health status among diabetic and non-diabetic free clinic patients and family members of the patients. Diabetes self-efficacy amo...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-014-9831-0
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from Wave 1 of the National Survey of Personal Health Practices and Consequences were used to examine the association between perceived control over future health and 13 health behavior indices. Analyses were conducted within three strata of health status, defined by a cross-tabulation of subjective and functiona...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01338800
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the relationship between sun protection policies and practices at child care centers in Massachusetts. We hypothesized that centers with sun protection policies were more likely to have regular sun protection practices in place compared to centers without these policies. We conducted a telephone survey wit...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-005-7283-2
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of a community-based heart disease risk factor screening program was evaluated after three years. The study population was predominantly white, older, and upper-middle class. Rescreening of the 211 study subjects showed improvements in both health-related behaviors and in risk factor distributions to a degr...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01324396
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains one of the most important disorders associated with disability and mortality worldwide, and is one of the major causes of cardiovascular diseases in Mongolia. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of IHD and its related factors in a general population i...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-013-9702-0
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated mortality and health services utilization in a prospective study of 630 older residents of a Southern California community. All participants were 65 years or older when initially evaluated in 1973-1975. In addition to being followed for vital status each year, participants were reinterviewed in 1984-1986 ...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01321724
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A family caregiver provides unpaid assistance to a family member/friend with a chronic disease, illness or disability. The caregiving process can affect a caregiver's quality of life by reducing time for themselves, for other family members and for work. The 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey estimates th...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-016-0199-1
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma 1-2-3 is a newly-developed low-literacy multimedia education tool designed to promote asthma self-care concepts among African American adults. An expert panel (n = 10) informed content development for the tool. The video script and storyboard imagery were shown to 30 African Americans recruited from the America...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-009-9153-9
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adolescents frequenting indoor tanning facilities may have an increased risk of skin cancer. The high level of indoor tanning by this age group may be due, in part, to the large number of tanning facilities in US cities. This study examined how facilities are distributed throughout one large county. Based on ecologica...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-007-9061-9
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Older adults are at risk of problems of medication use including underuse, overuse, and misuse. The purposes of this study were to investigate the prevalence of the use of conventional and complementary and alternative medications (CAM) in older adults and to explore which factors related to their medication use. For ...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-014-9934-7
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research reports about the associations of leisure-time physical activity (LPA) and Body Mass Index (BMI) with activities of daily living (ADL)- or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)-dependent disability in older adults are inconclusive. Data were obtained from the 2000 Missouri Older Adult Needs Assessmen...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-006-9024-6
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Significant differences in adult obesity prevalence exist between rural and urban settings throughout the world. Here, we estimate and evaluate the prevalence of adult obesity in rural Independent Samoa, rural American Samoa, and urban American Samoa in 2009. Volunteers over the age of 40 years were weighed and measur...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-010-9338-2
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2000, the government of Vietnam conducted the first assessment of its national peer education program for HIV prevention. Twenty (32%) of Vietnam's 61 provinces and urban areas had functioning peer education programs, and program coordinators of all 20 were interviewed regarding their programs. In addition, on-site...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1021321704417
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An environmental and economic evaluation of the smoke-free law in Massachusetts provides a broad appreciation of how a state-wide smoking ban affects the health of patrons and workers as well as the industries that are commonly concerned about the effects of smoking bans on business. The aim of this study is to evalua...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-007-9048-6
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variability of heat stress illness (HSI) by urbanicity and climate region has rarely been considered in previous HSI studies. We investigated temporal and geographic trends in HSI emergency department (ED) visits in CDC Environmental Public Health Tracking Network (Tracking) states for 2005-2010. We obtained county-le...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-015-0064-7
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable recent discussion has taken place regarding the predicted future shortage of physicians, especially in primary care. Much of the attention has focused on the difficulty of recruiting new physicians into primary care practice. It is suggested that part of the solution may be increased efforts to recruit an...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-009-9165-5
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health Service Package is the package of services that the government is providing or is aspiring to provide to its citizens in an equitable manner. The Ethiopia Family Health Service Package is part of the health extension program consisting of antenatal care, delivery service, postnatal care, immunization, and famil...
journal_title:Journal of community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00801-3
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00