Abstract:
:The Norplant* system is composed of a set of six Silastic* (silicone polydimethysiloxane) capsules measuring 34 mm by 2.4 mm, each containing 36 mg of levonorgestrel and sealed at either end with a medical grade silicone elastomer adhesive. Levonorgestrel is a synthetic progestin, widely used in combination oral contraceptives and in single-agent "mini-pills". In a procedure completed in less than 15 minutes by an experienced physician, the six capsules are surgically implanted subdermally, most commonly on the inside of the left upper arm. The levonorgestrel diffuses through the Silastic material into the blood stream and is carried to the target organs. Ovulation is suppressed in the majority of the cycles during the first years of use, and cervical mucus is thickened, inhibiting sperm penetration. During use, the effective delivery of levonorgestrel is about 30 mcg/day from day 500 to day 2300. Recently, we have seen patients with complications from Norplant, and we describe here a patient who presented with systemic complications resulting from both the endocrinological aspects of Norplant and the immunological aspects of the Silastic implants. To our knowledge this is the first case report in the western medical literature describing systemic immunological complications as a result of a failed Norplant device.
journal_name
Toxicol Ind Healthjournal_title
Toxicology and industrial healthauthors
Campbell A,Brautbar Ndoi
10.1177/074823379501100104subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
41-7issue
1eissn
0748-2337issn
1477-0393journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Two prospective, longitudinal studies-one in North Carolina and one in Michigan-have examined effects of prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure on behavioral and cognitive development in infants and children. The Michigan cohort was selected to overrepresent the offspring of women who had eaten relatively la...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074823379601200315
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, we attempted to elucidate the induction of autophagy in rat hepatocytes by a low concentration of mercury. Hepatocytes treated with different doses of mercuric chloride (HgCl2; 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 µM) and at different time intervals (0 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h) show autophagic cell death only a...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233712462442
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In summary, we have described our method of treating phosgene inhalation injury. We have presented two serious cases in detail which demonstrate that survival was associated with aggressive therapy. Several points should be mentioned. The pulmonary edema and resulting fluid and foam production can be so copious as to ...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074823378500100207
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arsenic is an ubiquitous and well-documented carcinogenic metalloid. The most common source of arsenic is drinking water. The mechanism of arsenic toxicity in a cell has historically been centered around its inhibitory effects on cellular respiration and mitochondrial injury. Ascorbic acid, a low molecular weight, wat...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233710365694
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study is to follow-up the distribution, lethality percentile doses (LDs) and bioaccumulation of aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs, average diameter 9.83 ± 1.61 nm) in some tissues of male albino rats, and to evaluate its genotoxicity to the brain tissues, during acute and sublethal experimen...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233713498449
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The US Air Force has implemented the widespread use of JP-8 jet fuel in its operations, although a thorough understanding of its potential effects upon exposed personnel is unclear. Previous work has reported that JP-8 exposure is immunosuppressive. Exposure of mice to JP-8 for 1 h/day resulted in immediate secretion ...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233708090908
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic compound commonly found as a contaminant in human food. It is carcinogenic due its potential in inducing the oxidative stress and distortion of the most antioxidant enzymes. Since black tea possesses strong antioxidant activity, it protects cells and tissues against oxidative stress. Cur...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233713491807
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enzymes with hydroxylating activity on alkanes have potential application as biotransformation catalysts in chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Genome of Alcanivorax borkumensis, a marine bacterium with hydrocarbon dissimilation activity, contains at least two P450 monooxygenases and two nonheme monooxygenases, AlkB...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233711416953
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyrrolizidine alkaloid isoline is isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Ligularia duciformis. Our previous reports have already demonstrated isoline-induced liver injury in mice. The present study is designed to observe the involvement of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) in isoline-induced cytotoxicity...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233712442707
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bromoalkane, 1-bromopropane (1-BP), may damage the reproductive system though oxidative stress, while the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an important role in regulating intracellular antioxidant levels against oxidative stress. This study explored the role of oxidativ...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233720979427
更新日期:2020-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::At the onset of the industrial age, environmental contaminants began to pose a major threat to the health of wildlife. That threat appears to continue today. In the last three decades, the focus of our concern on the health consequences of environmental pollution has been on lethal, carcinogenic, and/or extreme terato...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/074823379601200325
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maneb is a dithiocarbamate fungicide that contains manganese. Dithiocarbamates are considered to be chemicals of low toxicity. An experimental group (n = 10) received maneb (obtained from Hoecht-Shering) at a concentration of 250 ppm in distilled water five days a week (treatment time is three weeks). It was orally ad...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233706070851
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (HFO-133mzz-E) is an odorless gas that finds uses as a foam transfer agent, heat transfer fluid, and specialty gas. The acute 4-h LC50 (in rats) for HFO-133mzz-E is > 17,000 ppm; it was not an eye or dermal irritant in 3- and 13-week repeated-dose inhalation studies in rats at con...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233719825529
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of curcumin on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. A total of 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated (SH), PH, and PH + curcumin; each group contains eight animals. The rats in curcumin-treated groups wer...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233712469658
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An investigation was conducted to evaluate the ability of two chelators, deferasirox and desferrioxamine (DFO), in removing cadmium from biological system. The potential efficiency of those chelators were investigated after cadmium administration for 60 days following two dose levels of 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight dai...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233711403192
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TRCP), a flame-retardant plasticizer used in plastics, polymeric foams and synthetic fibers, was studied as part of the National Toxicology Program's class study of phosphate flame-retardants. TRCP was administered at 0, 22, 44, 88, 175 and 350 mg/kg to both sexes of rats and 0, 44, 88, 1...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074823379000600101
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on kidney tissue of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Forty adult male Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups. Animals in group 1 was the control group. For 6 weeks, group 2 was exposed to cigarette smoke; group 3 received daily intraperitoneal i...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233709346755
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the individual adverse effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and octylphenol (OP) on the reproductive system of prepubertal male rats. Rats were exposed to BPA and OP at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg/day, by gavage, for 90 days. At the end of the study, the testes, epididymis...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233715603847
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes the development and implementation of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PB-Pk) models to examine the disposition of xenobiotics and their bioactivation. In a PB-Pk model, the structure of the model is based, to as great extent as practicable, on the actual physiological and biochemical struct...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/074823379401000101
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic exposure to jet fuel has been shown to have adverse effects on human liver function, to cause emotional dysfunction, to cause abnormal electroencephalograms, to cause shortened attention spans, and to decrease sensorimotor speed. Due to the decision by the United States Air Force to implement the widespread us...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074823379701300501
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of different methylmercury (MeHg) forms on the immune system and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis were assessed. The lymphocyte response to Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation, blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone in the presence of diffe...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/074823379701300105
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carvacrol (CVC), a major constituent of genera Origanum and Thymus, is such a substance that has attracted attention because of its wide variety of beneficial biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer effects. However, there are limited data on the cytogenetic and antioxidant effects of C...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233713506771
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this study was to explore the impact of 2-deoxglucose or malonate individually or in combination on the level of cell energy (adenosine-5'-triphosphate) and oxidative stress in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary proliferation in rats. A total of 60 adult female Sprague Dawley rats were r...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233712472525
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elaeagnus angustifolia was analyzed for determination of metals, phytoconstituents, bactericidal, fungicidal and insecticidal effects and to explore its chemical and biological potential. The root, branches, leaves, stem bark and root bark parts of E. angustifolia were found to contain iron, lead, copper, cadmium, zin...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233713498459
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are important nanomaterials with myriad applications and in widespread use. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the direct effect of ZnO NPs on steroidogenesis by considering mouse testicular Leydig cells (TM3) as an in vitro model system. The uptake, intracellular behaviour, ...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233718774220
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism by which granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) could lead to the protection from liver injury is not well known. Therefore, the resolution of this role needs further basic and clinical experimental investigation. Acute liver injury was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal injection of a 0.50...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233712440136
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nanomaterials are widely used nowadays in a range of technological and biomedical fields. Graphene as a nanomaterial used in the health-care sector and in workplaces has raised some concerns about its toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) on the A549 epithelial cells ...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233718817180
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are defined as exogenous substances that can alter the development and functioning of the endocrine system. The Wnt signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway consisting of proteins that transmit cell-to-cell receptors through cell surface receptors, regulating impor...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0748233719898989
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate indoor air quality and factors affecting expired carbon monoxide (CO) levels in a coffeehouse environment. This cross-sectional study was conducted at 16 randomly selected coffeehouses in Duzce, Turkey, during November 2007 to March 2008. A total of 547 people, average age 46.72 ±...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0748233710383888
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Environmental pollution, primarily from industrialization, has caused significant adverse effects to humans, animals, and the ecosystem. Attempts have been made to reduce and prevent these pollutants through better waste management practices. Incineration is one such practice, which seeks to prevent adverse health imp...
journal_title:Toxicology and industrial health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00