Abstract:
:TGF beta is a cytokine which is involved with the regulation of different aspects of host defense responses to injury. Overexpression of TGF beta can lead to the conversion of its protective functions to pathogenetic manifestations. TGF beta is a potent factor in promoting anabolic aspects in connective tissue metabolism, and uncontrolled production of TGF beta has been associated with the development of fibrosis. With respect to its effects on immune and inflammatory responses, TGF beta is an important endogenous immunosuppressive factor which physiologically may protect the organism from tissue damage caused by chronic activation of leukocytes. As a result of overproduction in HIV infection, this function of TGF beta can contribute to noncytopathic mechanisms of immunodeficiency. TGF beta is involved with several aspects of HIV disease and promotes virus replication and spreading through multiple distinct mechanisms. It directly stimulates virus replication in infected monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells under certain in vitro conditions. It may stimulate the production of other cytokines that enhance virus replication and it may be the mediator of other HIV-stimulating agents such as cocaine. It enhances recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes as cells susceptible to virus infection. Through its profound and broad inhibitory effects on different antiviral defense mechanisms, it facilitates more rapid progression of virus infection and increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignancies. Although these findings are largely based on in vitro systems, the demonstration of TGF beta overexpression in HIV-infected patients supports the notion that this cytokine is an important pathogenetic mediator in HIV infection and its associated diseases. Therapeutic strategies to interfere with these functions of TGF beta are the development of TGF beta-neutralizing antibodies and soluble TGF beta-binding proteins and receptors as well as approaches directed at reducing TGF beta gene expression.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Lotz M,Seth Pdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb35912.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-06-23 00:00:00pages
501-11eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
685pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Studies of musical abilities in dementia have for the most part been rather general assessments of abilities, for instance, assessing retention of music learned premorbidly. Here, we studied patients with dementias with contrasting cognitive profiles to explore specific aspects of music cognition under challenge. Pati...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/nyas.12616
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Na+/Ca2+-K+ exchangers (NCKX) are plasma membrane transporters that are thought to mainly mediate Ca2+ extrusion (along with K+) at the expense of the Na+ electrochemical gradient. However, because they are bidirectional, most assays have relied on measuring their activity in the reverse (Ca2+ import) mode. Herein we ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1387.056
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abstract::N. gonorrhoeae initiates infection by adhering to and invading columnar epithelial cells. Over time these activities often induce inflammation, with the influx of neutrophils and serum into the urethral lumen, cervical os, conjunctiva, and the like. At least some of these infected niches contain CMP-NANA (cytidine mon...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44248.x
更新日期:1994-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we investigated the impact of estrogen antagonists and of 16alpha-OHE1 (an estrogen derivative that binds to and induces transactivation of estrogen receptors) on estrogen metabolism in malignant HepG2 human liver cells featured by high estrogen sulfotransferase (EST); our aim was to clarify the potentia...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Moderated by Lisa Miller from Newsweek, evolutionary biologist Kenneth Miller (Brown University) and theologians John Haught (Georgetown University) and Nancey Murphy (Fuller Theological Seminary) discuss the questions Are we immortal? Do our souls exist beyond our bodies? and What scientific evidence is there for mys...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene regulation mechanisms have evolved allowing cells to finetune the level of "endogenous" oxidative stress and to cope with increased free radicals from external sources. Levels of H2O2 are tightly controlled in E. coli by OxyR, which is activated by H2O2 to increase scavenging activities and limit H2O2 generation ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rat striatal synaptosomes showed a reduced capacity to generate a membrane potential after being exposed to methamphetamine (METH) for 1 h. As a consequence, the dopamine (DA) synaptosomes were impeded in their electrogenic-dependent reuptake of dopamine. The capacity for METH-exposed nerve terminals to generate a mem...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac afferent neurons are activated in the setting of myocardial ischemia and mediate the sensation of angina. However, the precise stimuli and receptive molecules responsible are not completely understood. To further investigate the molecular components involved, cardiac afferents were isolated in dissociated cult...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb26675.x
更新日期:1995-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::We have successfully expressed the active tyrosinase of Streptomyces antibioticus in Escherichia coli under the control of the trp promoter by fusing the sequence to the ORF438 gene. Because our attempt to connect the polycistronic gene of ORF438 and tyrosinase directly to the trp promoter of E. coli resulted in the e...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb47374.x
更新日期:1994-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical trials for ischemic stroke have been characterized by a disappointing series of negative results, using a panoply of pharmacologic agents. This paper emphasizes five physiologic measures that can be taken to mitigate ischemic brain damage. These are (1) hypothermia, (2) insulin, (3) arterial hyperoxemia, (4) ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03635.x
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an idiopathic autoimmune disease characterized by impaired T lymphocyte immune effector functions. We have identified a disorder of signal transduction in SLE T cells involving the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway. Cyclic AMP-stimulated PKA-catalyzed protein phosphor...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Na,K-ATPase is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, and each subunit consists of multiple isoforms. In the case of alpha, four isoforms, alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, and alpha4 are present in mammalian cells. The distribution of these isoforms is tissue- and developmental-specific, suggesting that they may play sp...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07214.x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Taxonomic characterization of organisms in the genera Theileria and Babesia was originally based on observations of morphology and certain general phenotypic characteristics, which enabled many parasites to be unequivocally assigned to a particular genus. However, application of molecular genetic techniques, such as t...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding thermostable alanine recemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from cell extracts of E. coli carrying a plasmid designated pICR4. The alanine racemase gene sequenced was found to contain an open reading frame of 1158 nucleoti...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb28071.x
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report here the two first cases of human ehrlichiosis described in Italy. One patient presented symptoms indicative of ehrlichiosis, such as fever, conjunctivitis, and increase of hepatic enzymes; HGE was confirmed by fourfold seroconversion for HGE antigen. The second patient, a forest worker, was affected by Lyme...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07387.x
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gonadal hormones, particularly androgens, direct certain aspects of brain development and exert permanent influences on sex-typical behavior in nonhuman mammals. Androgens also influence human behavioral development, with the most convincing evidence coming from studies of sex-typical play. Girls exposed to unusually ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe sepsis or major blunt injury undergo massive changes in body composition. We compared these changes in 12 patients with generalized peritonitis, and in 18 patients with major blunt injury over a 21-day period soon after their admission. Body compo...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 1,098 serum samples were analyzed against Anaplasma phagocytophilum by immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test. These serum samples belonged to four different populations distributed throughout two provinces of Galicia (Ourense and Pontevedra) located in northwestern Spain: bovine population (456 samples); ov...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We showed the presence of glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors in different populations of Xenopus laevis melanotrope cells and revealed their downregulation (MR) and upregulation (GR) during dark background adaptation. Corticosterone did not affect short-term intracellular calcium dynamics and alp...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxisomes are capable of oxidizing a variety of substrates including (poly)unsaturated enoyl-CoA esters. The beta-oxidation of unsaturated enoyl-CoA esters in peroxisomes, and also in mitochondria, is not just chain-shortening but also involves the metabolizing of pre-existing carbon-to-carbon double bonds. In addit...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb18612.x
更新日期:1996-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::We discuss the relevance of studying ecology within the framework of Complexity Science from a statistical mechanics approach. Ecology is concerned with understanding how systems level properties emerge out of the multitude of interactions among large numbers of components, leading to ecosystems that possess the proto...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05416.x
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transfer of nutrients from the mother through the chorioallantoic placenta meets the nutritional needs of the embryo during human prenatal development. Although all amniotes start with a similar "tool kit" of extraembryonic tissues, an enormous diversity of extraembryonic tissue formation has evolved to accommodat...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06726.x
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The familial myelodysplastic (MDS)/acute leukemia (AL) predisposition syndromes are inherited disorders that lead to significantly increased lifetime risks of MDS and AL development. At present, four recognized syndromes have Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments--certified testing for their respective germ-line ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/nyas.12346
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::People discover rather than choose their sexual interests. The process of discovery typically begins before the onset of puberty and is associated with an increase in the secretion of sex hormones from the adrenal glands. However, the determinants of the direction of sexual interest, in the sense of preferences for th...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07297.x
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::CNS interstitial fluid homeostasis by the glial perineurial blood-brain barrier in the crayfish and cockroach is dependent on glial uptake mechanisms, low paracellular permeability, and the cation-binding properties of the extracellular matrix. Potassium selective permeability of the crayfish perineurium is modulated ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb15627.x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The search for tumor markers suitable for use in diagnosis and management of patients with lung cancer has met with limited success because each available marker lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity. We have begun a collaborative study to evaluate multiple simultaneous serum markers to determine whether there ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb32885.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is one of the most common chronic diseases. It is an autoimmune, polygenic disease, associated with several genes on different chromosomes. The most important gene is human leukocyte antigen (HLA), also known as major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is located on chro...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb03003.x
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nanotechnology provides multifunctional agents for in vivo use that increasingly blur the distinction between pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Realization of such therapeutic nanodevices requires multidisciplinary effort that is difficult for individual device developers to sustain, and identification of appropria...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1305.012
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has been implicated in the modulation of aggression in animals and humans. A longstanding dogma that aggression and serotonergic activity are inversely related has to be abandoned in light of many new findings. Trait and state aggression are differentially regulated by the 5-HT sy...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1330.022
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00