Abstract：
:Serpentine soils are a model system for the study of plant adaptation, speciation, and species interactions. Serpentine soil is an edaphically stressful, low productivity soil type that hosts stunted vegetation and a spectacular level of plant endemism. One of the first papers on serpentine plant endemism was by Arthur Kruckeberg, titled "Intraspecific variability in the response of certain native plant species to serpentine soil." Published in the American Journal of Botany in 1951, it has been cited over 100 times. Here, I review the context and content of the paper, as well as its impact. On the basis of the results of reciprocal transplant experiments in the greenhouse, Kruckeberg made three important conclusions on the nature of serpentine plant endemism: (1) Plants are locally adapted to serpentine soils, forming distinct soil ecotypes; (2) soil ecotypes are the first stage in the evolutionary progression toward serpentine endemism; and (3) serpentine endemics are restricted from more fertile nonserpentine soils by competition. Kruckeberg's paper inspired a substantial amount of research, especially in the three areas reviewed here: local adaptation and plant traits, speciation, and the interaction of climate and soil in plant endemism. In documenting soil ecotypes, Kruckeberg identified serpentine soils as a potent selective factor in plant evolution and helped establish serpentine soils as a model system in evolution and ecology.
journal_name
Am J Botjournal_title
American journal of botanyauthors
Anacker BLdoi
10.3732/ajb.1300349subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-02-01 00:00:00pages
219-24issue
2eissn
0002-9122issn
1537-2197pii
ajb.1300349journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Many characteristics of plants and animals scale with body size as described by allometric equations of the form Y = βM(α), where Y is an attribute of the organism, β is a coefficient that varies with attribute, M is a measure of organism size, and α is another constant, the scaling exponent. In current models, the fr...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.0800380
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In turnip mitochondria the cox2 gene is partially contained within a 2-kb (kilobase) direct repeat that is the site of homologous recombination events that generate subgenomic molecules. Because of its partial presence within the direct repeat, the turnip cox2 gene exists in four genomic contexts, two on the master ch...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditional farming communities frequently maintain high levels of agrobiodiversity, so understanding their agricultural practices is a priority for biodiversity conservation. The cultural origin of agave spirits (mezcals) from west-central Mexico is in the southern part of the state of Jalisco where traditional farme...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.0800176
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nuclear DNA contents (4C) were estimated by Feulgen microdensitometry in 27 species of slipper orchids. These data and recent information concerning the molecular systematics of Cypripedioideae allow an interesting re-evaluation of karyotype and genome size variation among slipper orchids in a phylogenetic context. DN...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of microgravity on cellulose synthesis using the model system of Acetobacter xylinum was the subject of recent investigations using The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Reduced Gravity Laboratory, a modified KC-135 aircraft designed to produce 20 sec of microgravity during the top of a parabo...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sequence data from the intron and spacer of the trnL-F chloroplast region elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Diseae (Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae). Within Diseae, 41 species of Disa, two of Brownleea, three of Satyrium, and two of Corycium were included, with five species of Habenaria sensu lato (Orchi...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Elucidating the factors that determine the abundance and distribution of species remains a central goal of ecology. It is well recognized that genetic differences among individual species can affect the distribution and species interactions of dependent taxa, but the ecological effects of genetic d...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1100137
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In monocarpic plants, reproduction is closely associated with senescence, which is itself often correlated to specific environmental signals. Floerkea proserpinacoides (Limnanthaceae) is a spring ephemeral annual of the deciduous forests of eastern North America. The phenology of its growth and reproduction is conside...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.92.3.438
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The stability of the bimodal karyotype found in Agave and closely related species has long interested botanists. The origin of the bimodal karyotype has been attributed to allopolyploidy, but this hypothesis has not been tested. Next-generation transcriptome sequence data were used to test whether ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1100537
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:• PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Floral traits play important roles in pollinator attraction and defense against floral herbivory. However, plants may experience trade-offs between conspicuousness to pollinators and herbivore attraction. Comparative studies provide an excellent framework to examine the role of multip...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1400171
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Temporal and demographic aspects of the growth of Botrychium gallicomontanum and B. mormo were studied for 2 yr. A total of 219 B. gallicomontanum and 412 B. mormo plants were monitored in a prairie and maple-basswood forest, respectively. Growth events were divided into four stages: leaf emergence, leaf separation, s...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.89.10.1624
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Floral organogenesis and development of the tropical legume trees Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood) and H. brasiletto (brazilwood) were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The aims were to compare ontogenies, and to elucidate the relationships of Haematoxylum with other genera of Caesalpinieae, the basal tri...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a wet oligotrophic meadow located in the Czech Republic, a factorial experiment with treatments consisting of fertilization, mowing, and removal of the dominant species (Molinia caerulea) was established in 1994. In 1997 Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Potentilla erecta, Prunella vulgaris, and Ranunculus auricomu...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Microsatellite primers were developed in the native legume tree Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil to study the genetic diversity and genetic structure in natural populations in Argentina. METHODS AND RESULTS:Nine microsatellite markers were identified using a genomic library enriched for tandemly...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1200078
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Paniculate agaves from tropical deserts depend on nectar-feeding bats for their reproduction, while species from extratropical areas near the northern limit of Leptonycteris curasoae are pollinated by diurnal and nocturnal insects and birds. Agave angustifolia is a paniculate agave with a broad distribution in Mexico ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.90.7.1016
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:An anatomical examination of dry and fleshy fruits within the Solanaceae was carried out to identify comparable stages throughout development as well as features exclusive to each type of fruit. We studied fruit development of Nicotiana and Petunia, which have the plesiomorphic capsula...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1100097
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:• PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Contact zones between diploids and their autopolyploid descendants represent a unique evolutionary venue for studying polyploid establishment, cytotype coexistence, and interactions. Here, we examine cytotype coexistence in a diploid-tetraploid contact zone of a perennial herb, Cardam...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1500052
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whereas the "law of the minimum" (LM) states that plant growth is limited by a single resource at any one time, the "multiple limitation hypothesis" (MLH) proposes that optimum plant behavior results from balancing resource costs and benefits so that all resources limit plant growth simultaneously. We tested the hypot...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.90.1.143
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pinus rzedowskii is an endangered pine species from Michoacán (central México), which has been previously reported from only three localities. Classified within the subgenus Strobus, it exhibits intermediate morphological characters between subgenera Strobus and Pinus. We analyzed genetic aspects that could shed light...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex ratio and sexual dimorphism in physiology and growth were studied in the dioecious tree Ilex aquifolium at two localities in northern Spain. Genet sex ratio was significantly male biased in one locality but not in the other. However, ramet and flowering ramet sex ratios were male biased at both study sites. Males ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular phylogenetic studies of seven plastid DNA regions were used to resolve circumscriptions at generic and infrageneric levels in subfamily Tillandsioideae of Bromeliaceae. One hundred and ten tillandsioid samples were analyzed, encompassing 10 genera, 104 species, and two cultivars. Two species of Bromelioideae...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.92.2.337
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Geographic patterns of biodiversity have long inspired interest in processes that shape the assembly, diversity, and dynamics of communities at different spatial scales. To study mechanisms of community assembly, ecologists often compare spatial variation in community composition (beta-diversity) a...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1500079
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is generally thought that sedimenting plastids are responsible for gravity sensing in higher plants. We directly tested the model generated by the current statolith hypothesis that the gravity sensing that leads to gravitropism results from an interaction between the plastids and actin microfilaments. We find that ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Koelreuteria (Sapindaceae) has four extant deciduous tree species, disjunctly distributed in eastern Asia and the Fiji Islands. While K. paniculata is widely cultivated, the biogeographic origin and evolutionary history of Koelreuteria remain unclear. METHODS:Fruits, pollen, wood, and leaves of cl...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1200415
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lxm1-O, a dominant EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) induced mutation in maize (Zea mays, Poaceae), was originally reported to affect the blade/sheath boundary over the midrib region of the leaf. Here we present a more extensive analysis of the Lxm phenotype in nine different inbred lines. Lxm leaves are longer and narrowe...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bennettitales is an extinct group of seed plants with reproductive structures that are similar in some respects to both Gnetales and angiosperms, but systematic relationships among the three clades remain controversial. This study summarizes characters of bennettitalean plants and presents new evidence for the structu...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.0800209
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Darwin's research on botany and plant physiology was a landmark attempt to integrate plant movements into a biological perspective of behavior. Since antiquity, people have sought to explain plant movements via mechanical or physiological forces, and yet they also constructed analogies between plant and animal behavio...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.0900220
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Detailed investigations on Lower Cretaceous Ephedra L. fossils (Gnetopsida) reveal morphological characters similar to those of extant Ephedra rhytidosperma Pachomova, including articulate branches with many fine longitudinal striations, a dichasial branching pattern, uni- or bi-ovulate cones with paired bracts, cones...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.92.2.231
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Understanding the flexibility of monocot genomes requires a phylogenetic framework, which so far is available for few of the ca. 2800 genera. Here we use a molecular tree for the South American genus Alstroemeria to place karyological information, including fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1200104
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the role of mother plants as pollen recipients in shaping mating patterns is essential for understanding the evolution of populations and in particular to predict the consequence of habitat fragmentation. Here, we investigated variation in mating patterns due to maternal phenotypic traits, phenological v...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.93.11.1650
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
