Abstract:
:1. Evidence from single-unit recordings suggests that neurons in the medial superior temporal visual area (MST) carry directional signals that influence psychophysical judgements of motion direction. We tested this hypothesis by electrically stimulating clusters of directionally selective neurons in MST (the dorsomedial subdivision, primarily) while rhesus monkeys performed a two-alternative, forced-choice direction discrimination task. 2. We performed forty-six microstimulation experiments on two rhesus monkeys. The visual stimuli were dynamic random dot patterns in which the strength of a coherent motion signal could be varied continuously about psychophysical threshold. The monkeys were rewarded for reporting correctly the direction of the coherent motion signal. Microstimulation was applied on half the trials, selected randomly, and the psychophysical data were analyzed to determine whether stimulation of MST neurons influenced the monkeys' choices. 3. Microstimulation influenced the monkeys' performance in a statistically significant manner in 67% of the experiments. In all but one of the significant experiments, microstimulation biased the monkeys' choices toward the direction of motion encoded by MST neurons at the stimulation site. Microstimulation had little effect on the slopes of the psychometric functions, suggesting that the stimulation-induced neural activity resembled a relatively pure motion "signal" rather than "noise." 4. Microstimulation exerted strong effects on the monkeys' behavior only when the visual stimulus was located within the multiunit receptive field measured at the stimulation site. This kind of spatial specificity has also been observed in the middle temporal visual area (MT), but receptive fields in MST are typically much larger than those in MT. Thus MST microstimulation effects are characterized by a coarser spatial scale: stimulation of a single site in MST can influence judgements over a much larger portion of the visual field than equivalent stimulation in MT. 5. Microstimulation was often most effective when visual stimuli were placed within a particularly responsive subregion of the receptive field (a "hot spot"). 6. The results show that MST neurons, like MT neurons, can strongly influence performance on a direction discrimination task. Whether MT and MST influence the decision process in parallel or in series remains to be determined.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Celebrini S,Newsome WTdoi
10.1152/jn.1995.73.2.437subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-02-01 00:00:00pages
437-48issue
2eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. The aims of this study were 1) to determine whether the impulse activity in rabbit aortic baroreceptors (BRs) was influenced by changes in nonpulsatile flow through the aortic lumen and 2) to examine the BR and aortic arch responses to changes in temperature. 2. An in vitro aortic arch-aortic nerve preparation was ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.6.2596
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some neurons in early visual cortex are highly selective for the position of oriented edges in their receptive fields (simple cells), whereas others are largely position insensitive (complex cells). These characteristics are reflected in their sensitivity to the spatial phase of moving sine-wave gratings: simple cell ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00539.2014
更新日期:2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was undertaken to explore the neuronal mechanisms responsible for muscle atonia that occurs after the microinjection of bicuculline into the nucleus pontis oralis (NPO). Specifically, we wished to test the hypothesis that motoneurons are postsynaptically inhibited after the microinjection of bicucull...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.86.4.1908
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The supratrigeminal region (SupV) receives abundant orofacial sensory inputs and descending inputs from the cortical masticatory area and contains premotor neurons that target the trigeminal motor nucleus (MoV). Thus it is possible that the SupV is involved in controlling jaw muscle activity via sensory inputs during ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01145.2007
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane-permeable arachidonic acid (AA) is liberated in a Ca2+-dependent way inside cells. By using whole cell patch clamp we show that intracellular AA (1 pM) selectively reduces IA in rat hippocampal neurons, whereas extracellular application requires a 10(6)-fold concentration. The nonmetabolized AA analogue ETYA ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.82.1.508
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied adjustments in digit forces and moments during holding a vertically oriented handle under slow, externally imposed changes in the width of the grasp. Subjects (n = 8) grasped a customized motorized handle with five digits and held it statically in the air. The handle width either increased (expanded) or dec...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00839.2005
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular single-unit recordings were used to characterize responses of thalamic barreloid and cortical barrel neurons to controlled whisker deflections in 2, 3-, and 4-wk-old and adult rats in vivo under fentanyl analgesia. Results indicate that response properties of thalamic and cortical neurons diverge during ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01063.2007
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Locusts have two large collision-detecting neurons, the descending contralateral movement detectors (DCMDs) that signal object approach and trigger evasive glides during flight. We sought to investigate whether vision for action, when the locust is in an aroused state rather than a passive viewer, significantly alters...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01055.2007
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyramidal cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) show three characteristic discharge patterns in response tones: pauser, buildup, and regular firing. Experimental evidence suggests that a rapidly inactivating K+ current (I(KIF)) plays a critical role in generating these discharge patterns. To explore the role of I...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.523
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It remains unclear how attention affects the tuning of individual neurons in visual cerebral cortex. Some observations suggest that attention preferentially enhances responses to low contrast stimuli, whereas others suggest that attention proportionally affects responses to all stimuli. Resolving how attention affects...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01019.2009
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many neurophysiological experiments involving monkeys require that the head be stabilized while the animal performs a task. Often a post is attached to the skull to accomplish this goal, using a headcap formed from dental acrylic. We describe a new headpost, developed by refinement of several prototypes, and supply an...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00102.2007
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of inhibitory amino acid transmitters on horizontal cells in the superfused amphibian retina were studied by the use of conventional intracellular recording techniques. 2. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) caused a calcium-independent depolarization of horizontal cells in mud puppy and tiger salamander. Th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.65.3.680
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The noradrenergic system is widely thought to be important for associative learning in the olfactory system through actions in the first processing structure, the main olfactory bulb (MOB). Here, we used extracellular local field potential (LFP) and patch-clamp recordings in rat MOB slices to examine norepinephrine (N...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01324.2007
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of acute and chronic labyrinthectomies on Fos-defined neuronal activity induced by rotation were determined with the use of quantitative image analysis procedures. Unilateral sodium arsanilate labyrinthectomies (UL) were performed either 24 h (acute) or 2 wk (chronic) before exposure to a 90 min, 2-G ce...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.117
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of quadrupeds has furnished most of our understanding of mammalian locomotion. To allow a more direct comparison of coordination between the four limbs in humans and quadrupeds, we studied crawling in the human, a behavior that is part of normal human development and mechanically more similar to quadrupedal ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.91125.2008
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rack and Westbury showed that low-frequency asynchronous stimulation of a muscle produces greater force compared with synchronous stimulation. This study tested the hypothesis that the difference results from the dynamic stretch of the common elastic elements. In eight anesthetized cats, the soleus was attached to a s...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01304.2005
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the importance of the thumb to hand function, little is known about the origins of thumb impairment poststroke. Accordingly, the primary purpose of this study was to assess whether thumb flexors have heightened stretch reflexes (SRs) following stroke-induced hand impairment. The secondary purpose was to compar...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00423.2009
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The medial superior temporal area of the macaque monkey extrastriate visual cortex can be divided into a dorsal medial (MSTd) and a lateral ventral (MSTl) region. The functions of the two regions may not be identical: MSTd may process optic flow information that results from the movement of the observer, whereas MSTl ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.1.282
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) modulates nociception through changes in the activity of two classes of neuron, ON- and OFF-cells. The activity of these neurons is regulated, in part, by input from the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The objective of this study was to determine whether PAG-mediated antinociception i...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2002.88.4.1707
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Electrophysiological analysis has revealed much about the broad coding and neural ensemble dynamics that characterize gustatory cortical (GC) taste processing in awake rats and about how these dynamics relate to behavior. With regard to mice, however, data concerning cortical taste coding have largely been restricted ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00357.2019
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Intracellular and extracellular recordings were obtained from ganglion cells in the rabbit retina. The effect of N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMDLA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists were studied with the use of a perfusion method for drug application. 2. NMDLA excited all ganglion cell types and caused a chara...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.63.1.16
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large body of data suggests that the pontine respiratory group (PRG) is involved in respiratory phase-switching and the reconfiguration of the brain stem respiratory network. However, connectivity between the PRG and ventral respiratory column (VRC) in computational models has been largely ad hoc. We developed a net...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90416.2008
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We recorded single cell activities in the caudate nucleus of the monkeys trained to perform a series of visuomotor tasks. In the first part of this paper, we summarize the types and locations of neurons in the monkey caudate nucleus. In the second part, we report the characteristics of neurons related to saccadic e...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1989.61.4.780
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptation of movement may be driven by the difference between planned and actual motor performance, or the difference between expected and actual sensory consequences of movement. To identify how the nervous system differentially uses these signals, we asked: does motor adaptation occur when movement errors are irrel...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00273.2011
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many regions of the vertebrate brain, microcircuits generate local recurrent activity that aids in the processing and encoding of incoming afferent inputs. Local recurrent activity can amplify, filter, and temporally and spatially parse out incoming input. Determining how these microcircuits function is of great in...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01046.2015
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural correlates of gap detection in three auditory cortical fields in the cat. Mimimum detectable gaps in noise in humans are independent of the position of the gap, whereas in cat primary auditory cortex (AI) they are position dependent. The position dependence in other cortical areas is not known and may resolve t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.5.2570
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this study was to characterize the dynamics and functional connectivity of brain networks associated with fast (short-term) learning of handwriting using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants (n = 12) performed a graphomotor sequence learning task (naïve subjects learning to draw simple, 3-st...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00449.2009
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to determine whether individuals with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP) have deficits in anticipatory inhibition of postural muscle activity. Nine individuals with SDCP (SDCP group, 3 female and 6 male, 13-24 yr of age) and nine age- and sex-matched individuals without disability (control group) ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00253.2012
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Divergence of the Shaker superfamily of voltage-gated (Kv) ion channels early in metazoan evolution created numerous electrical phenotypes that were presumably selected to produce a wide range of excitability characteristics in neurons, myocytes, and other cells. A comparative approach that emphasizes this early radia...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00858.2005
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) barrages on coding of sinusoidal length inputs were investigated in slowly and rapidly adapting stretch receptors of crayfish (RM1 and RM2, respectively). To examine the contribution of postsynaptic firings, a description was obtained of the temporal correlati...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1990.63.6.1520
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00