Abstract:
:Time-kill studies were used to examine the in vitro activities of penicillin G, RP 59500, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and vancomycin against 10 pneumococci expressing various degrees of susceptibility to penicillin and erythromycin. RP 59500 MICs for all strains were 0.5 to 2.0 micrograms/ml, while erythromycin MICs were 0.008 to 0.06 microgram/ml for erythromycin-susceptible strains and 32.0 to 64.0 micrograms/ml for erythromycin-resistant strains. Strains were more susceptible to sparfloxacin (0.125 to 0.5 microgram/ml) than to ciprofloxacin (0.5 to 4.0 micrograms/ml), and all were inhibited by vancomycin at MICs of 0.25 to 0.5 microgram/ml. Time-kill studies showed that antibiotic concentrations greater than the MIC were bactericidal for each strain, with the following exceptions. Erythromycin was bactericidal for one penicillin-resistant strain at 6 h, with regrowth after 12 and 24 h. Three penicillin-susceptible strains were bacteriostatically inhibited by erythromycin at concentrations greater than or equal to the MIC by 6 h. One penicillin-susceptible strain (penicillin MIC, 0.06 microgram/ml) was bacteriostatically inhibited by penicillin G at 24 h at the MIC or at one-half the MIC; a bactericidal effect was found only with penicillin G at concentrations of > or = 0.25 microgram/ml. At 10 min after inoculation a 1- to 3-log10-unit reduction (90 to 99.9%) in the original inoculum was seen for 6 of 10 strains with RP 59500 at concentrations greater than or equal to the MIC. This effect was not found with any of the other compounds tested. A bactericidal effect was found at > or = 6 h with RP 59500 at concentrations of one-half to one-quarter the MIC in 7 of 10 strains, and a bacteriostatic effect was found in 3 or 10 strains, with regrowth at 24 h. One penicillin-resistant strain was examined by the time-kill methodology at 0, 1, 2, and 3 h. RP 59500 at a concentration equal to the MIC was bactericidal within 1 h, and at a concentration of one-half the MIC it was bactericidal within 3 h. This phenomenon was not seen with the other antimicrobial agents tested. Regrowth of strains at ciprofloxacin concentrations equal to the MIC or at a one-half to one-quarter the MIC was found. For sparfloxacin, three of the four penicillin-susceptible strains and two of four penicillin-resistant strains were bacteriostatically inhibited by 6 h. Bactericidal effects were found at 6, 12, and 24 h with both intermediate-resistant, one penicillin-susceptible, and two penicillin-resistant strains. Complete killing was observed with vancomycin at concentrations greater than MIC. Of the new compounds tested, RP 59500 and sparfloxacin show promise for the treatment of infections caused by penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci. The clinical significance of rapid killing by RP 59500 remains to be determined.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Pankuch GA,Jacobs MR,Appelbaum PCdoi
10.1128/aac.38.9.2065subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-09-01 00:00:00pages
2065-72issue
9eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract::One of the major neglected tropical diseases, schistosomiasis, is currently treated and controlled with a single drug, praziquantel. The quest for an alternative drug is fueled by the lack of activity of praziquantel against juvenile Schistosoma worms and the fear of emerging resistance. The synthetic ozonide OZ418 ha...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02394-15
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abstract::The bactericidal activity of the novel beta-defensin hBD-3 against 28 species and 55 strains of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative fermentative and nonfermentative rods was tested. All strains proved to be highly or intermediately susceptible to hBD-3 (minimal bactericidal concentration [MBC], =50 micro g/ml), ex...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.47.5.1739-1741.2003
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abstract::Increasing mobile colistin resistance, mediated by the mcr gene family, in Enterobacteriaceae has become a global concern. Among the 10 reported mcr genes, mcr-8 was first identified in Klebsiella pneumoniae, which could cause severe infections with high mortality. Information about the prevalence and genetic context ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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doi:10.1128/AAC.01872-20
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abstract::Amphotericin B and N-D-ornithyl amphotericin B methyl ester were compared for therapeutic efficacies against experimentally induced cryptococcal meningitis and Candida albicans endocarditis with pyelonephritis in rabbits. Antifungal activity of the two polyenes in vitro was similar for the yeasts used in these experim...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.28.6.751
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the penetration of 19 antimicrobial agents into human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The ratios of the intracellular concentration to the extracellular concentration of ampicillin, piperacillin, cefazolin, ceftizoxime, cefpimizole, and ceftazidime were all le...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.31.12.1904
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Therapeutic options for severe infections caused by strains of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (ORSE) are very limited. With the increasing resistance of such strains to aminoglycosides, rifampin, and currently available quinolone agents, as well as the recent docu...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.42.7.1837
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of 11 fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents, including 8 newly synthesized molecules and 3 reference compounds (pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and sparfloxacin), were tested for their MICs against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The intracellular accumulation of fluoroquinolone...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.12.2622
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of ticarcillin-clavulanic acid was compared with the efficacies of standard antistaphylococcal agents (flucloxacillin, oxacillin, nafcillin, and vancomycin) and ticarcillin in an experimental model of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Therapy was either initiated soon (8 h) after infection, when numbers...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.2.458
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.20.1.15
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01172-15
更新日期:2016-04-22 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01486-07
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01110-06
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of penetration of quinolones through the bacterial outer membrane was studied with lipopolysaccharide-deficient and porin-deficient mutants. The data indicated that the lipopolysaccharide layer might form a permeability barrier for hydrophobic quinolones such as nalidixic acid but not for hydrophilic qui...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.29.3.535
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A vancomycin-resistant, anaerobic, gram-positive coccus containing the vanD and vanG-like genes (strain CCRI-16110) was isolated from a human fecal specimen during a hospital surveillance program to detect carriers of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CCRI-16110 with ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00584-07
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sublethal doses of vincristine (VNC) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered simultaneously to adult male mice resulted in markedly enhanced mortality. All of 10 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested, 4 of 7 strains of Bacteroides, and 6 of 10 strains of Listeria monocytogenes were able to substitute fo...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.9.5.840
更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytochrome P450 enzyme-encoding genes rosC and rosD were cloned from the rosamicin biosynthetic gene cluster of Micromonospora rosaria IFO13697. The functions of RosC and RosD were demonstrated by gene disruption and complementation with M. rosaria and bioconversion of rosamicin biosynthetic intermediates with Esc...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02092-12
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabbits with nutritionally variant viridans group streptococcal experimental endocarditis were treated three times daily for 3 days with procaine penicillin (1.2 X 10(6) U) alone or together with low-dose streptomycin (2 mg/kg), high-dose streptomycin (8 mg/kg), low-dose gentamicin (0.32 mg/kg), or high-dose gentamici...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.30.3.465
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the occurrence of multidrug resistance in 44 Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. Efflux was involved in resistance in E. aerogenes isolates more frequently than in K. pneumoniae isolates (100 versus 38% of isolates) and was associated with the expression of phenylalanine...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00822-08
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CcrA beta-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis TAL3636 was cloned into Escherichia coli and purified from inclusion bodies. This group 3 metalloenzyme hydrolyzed most beta-lactam antibiotics, including cephamycins and carbapenems. Following inhibition by chelators, enzyme activity was recovered with the cations Zn2...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.36.5.1155
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a significant acute and chronic respiratory pathogen. While vancomycin is effective against MRSA, its relatively poor penetration into lung secretions and dose-limiting renal toxicity make it less effective in the respiratory setting. As inhaled administrat...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01776-19
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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更新日期:2019-09-23 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00023-08
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Management of coinfection with malaria and HIV is a major challenge to public health in developing countries, and yet potential drug-drug interactions between antimalarial and antiviral regimens have not been adequately investigated in people with both infections. Each of the constituent components of artemether-lumef...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02508-12
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro activity of tebipenem (TBM), a new oral carbapenem antibiotic, against Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates (n = 202) was compared with those of 15 reference agents. The isolates were classified into five genotypic classes after PCR identification of abnormal pbp1a, pbp2x, and pbp2b genes: (i) penic...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.3.889-894.2005
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transferability of drug resistance in strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from pigs was examined. These strains were resistant to sulfadimethoxine (SA, more than 1,600 mug/ml), streptomycin (SM, more than 800 mug/ml), and aminobenzyl penicillin (APC, 200 mug/ml). All of them could transfer their drug resista...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.3.5.555
更新日期:1973-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrolide-resistant group A streptococci (MRGAS) have been recovered from many countries worldwide. However, the strain typing information that is available has been insufficient for estimating the total number of macrolide-resistant clones, their geographic distributions, and their evolutionary relationships. In this...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00325-06
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00406-09
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Very rapid amplification of DNA by PCR in small volumes can be continuously monitored by the detection of the binding of probes with a rapid cycler with built-in fluorometric detection. Primers were designed to amplify approximately 100 bp of the polymerase gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) spanning codon 550, where mut...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.43.7.1600
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The minimal inhibiting concentrations (MIC) of ampicillin, trisulfapyrimidines, and various combinations of these drugs were determined for four clinical isolates of Nocardia asteroides on Mueller-Hinton agar. The combination of ampicillin and sulfonamides was found to be synergistic for three of the four isolates whe...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.1.3.215
更新日期:1972-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bactericidal activity of clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin alone and of gentamicin plus clindamycin and gentamicin plus chloramphenicol was studied on 8 strains of Escherichia coli and 10 strains of Bacteroides fragilis isolated from clinical material. Gentamicin did not interfere with the activity of c...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.12.2.135
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00