Abstract：
:In this limited review, it has only been possible to highlight some of the more significant interactions of peptides with the blood-brain barrier. The literature has been reviewed extensively in recent years, and the major reviews are included in the references. Certainly one of the major outstanding problems is an elucidation of the precise mechanism(s) by which centrally active peptides produce their effects. Without question peripherally administered peptides are able to modify central nervous activity; and for a rapidly growing number of peptides, an extraction by the cerebral endothelial cells can be demonstrated. For some of these peptides, the extraction involves highly specific transporters. What is far less clear is whether this internalization of peptide into the endothelial cells is the first step in a process of transcytosis, with an eventual abluminal exocytosis into brain extracellular fluid of the intact peptide, or an active fragment or whether their entry into brain extracellular fluid is via a different route. If, on the other hand, the mechanism of central action is via the circumventricular organs, a general entry into brain extracellular fluid may not be required. Clearly for different peptides the route and mechanism of action will differ and future attention should be focused on the precise mechanisms producing the central effects of defined peptides.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Begley DJdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb19810.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-10-31 00:00:00pages
89-100eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
739pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Semi-conservative replication ensures that the DNA sequence of sister chromatids is identical except for replication errors and variation in the length of telomere repeats resulting from replicative losses and variable end processing. What happens with the various epigenetic marks during DNA replication is less clear....
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06505.x
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its structurally related proteins are involved in the developmental regulation of various brain neurons, including midbrain dopaminergic neurons. We recently reported EGF and EGF-receptor abnormalities in both the brain tissues and blood of schizophrenic patients. Administration of EG...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1316.076
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nonpregnant uterus shows uterine activity throughout the menstrual cycle. This uterine activity was detected both by single strep tissue and by using intrauterine pressure recordings in vitro and in vivo. Today, ultrasound has made it possible to study this activity with a noninvasive approach and to assess uterin...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1335.007
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is a main actor in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), interacting with other molecules in complex mechanisms. The neuroendocrine system is known to be involved and Chromogranin A (CHGA) serum levels are elevated in patients with RA. We evaluated the effect of the sele...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1351.041
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a special form of diabetes that is clinically similar to type 2 diabetes but with positivity for pancreatic autoantibodies. The frequency of LADA patients among all patients diagnosed as type 2 varies between 6-50% in various populations. The frequency is higher in younge...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02953.x
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) might be, at least partially, responsible for the development of osteopenia or osteoporosis in Crohn's disease. We investigated whether anti-TNF therapy for Crohn's disease could have any skeletal impact. Therefore, we studied the effects of ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1346.055
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A common feature across all animals, including humans, is that mitochondrial bioenergetics is linked to oxidative stress, but the nature of these relationships with survival is yet to be properly defined. In this study we included 12 Drosophila simulans isofemale lines: four of each distinct mtDNA haplogroup (siI, -II...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1396.011
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The injury to vascular endothelium seen in severe bacterial infection may be mediated by neutrophil-derived enzymes. Neutrophil adhesion to endothelium, a prerequisite for this process, is mediated sequentially by the leukocyte adhesion molecules L-selectin and the beta 2 integrins, including CD11b/CD18. We have explo...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb39799.x
更新日期：1994-05-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental Herpesvirus hominis encephalitis in 3-week-old Swiss mice was utilized to evaluate the antiviral effects of adenine arabinoside (ara-A), phosphonacetic acid (PAA), and humoral antibodies to H. hominis (HIG). Administration of ara-A, PAA, or HIG during the early phase of infection reduced the mortality rat...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb21967.x
更新日期：1977-03-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression analysis and epidemiologic studies have provided indirect evidence that proteinases and growth factors play a role in the development of atherosclerosis and complications such as aneurysm formation and plaque rupture. Studies using genetically altered mice have proven to be an elegant tool to study the caus...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03935.x
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The membrane domain of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) contains two conserved internal repeat sequences, designated the alpha-1 and alpha-2 repeats. We have studied the topological disposition of residues in the alpha repeats and a neighboring region by substituted cysteine accessibility scanning as well as the funct...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04710.x
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sm-p80-based vaccine efficacy for Schistosoma mansoni was evaluated in a baboon model of infection and disease. The study was designed to replicate a human vaccine implementation scenario for endemic regions in which vaccine would be administered following drug treatment of infected individuals. In our study, the Sm-p...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/nyas.13866
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutualistic interactions, where two interacting species have a net beneficial effect on each other's fitness, play a crucial role in the survival and evolution of many species. Despite substantial empirical and theoretical work in past decades, the impact of these interactions on natural selection is not fully underst...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/nyas.13515
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An 8-year follow-up of Ceravital middle ear prostheses showed there was extremely good tolerance in the middle ear space. Incompatibility phenomena were not observed, and inflammatory reactions were neither caused nor supported by the implants. The tympanoplasties were always performed without interposition of cartila...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb38504.x
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the great strides made in understanding the basic biology of cancer and the multiple approaches to cancer therapy that have been utilized, cancer remains a major cause of death worldwide. The two properties that define the most successful tumors are low antigenicity, enabling cancer cells to escape immune syst...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1414.036
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The multiple actions of somatostatin are mediated by specific membrane-bound receptors present in all somatostatin target tissues, such as brain, pituitary, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney. For instance, in the human gastrointestinal tract, three different types of tissue compartments express somatostatin...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb17262.x
更新日期：1994-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing evidence indicates that several mechanisms, associated or not with antioxidant actions, are involved in the effects of flavonoids on health. Flavonoid-rich beverages, foods, and extracts, as well as pure flavonoids are studied for the prevention and/or amelioration of metabolic syndrome (MS) and MS-associat...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06511.x
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mobilization and recruitment of blood and lymphatic vasculatures are widely described in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Although angiogenesis contributes to intense gut inflammation, it remains unclear whether and when lymphangiogenesis amplifies or protects in IBD. The prolonged maintenance of lymphatic (ove...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05757.x
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The molecular genetic basis of adaptive change in phenotype is a major outstanding issue in evolutionary biology. Evolutionary change in coat and plumage color is a promising system for making progress in this field. Most notably, recent work on the molecular genetic basis of hair and feather color has identified seve...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03194.x
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Combined dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) releasers such as phentermine (PHEN) and fenfluramine (FEN) are reported, in open label studies, to reduce craving for alcohol and cocaine and to prevent relapse. The objective of the studies reported here was to assess the actions of these agents alone and in comb...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08222.x
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the United States, some 80,000 commercial and industrial chemicals are now in use of which over 30,000 are produced or used in the Great Lakes region. Thus, the environmental quality within the Great Lakes basin has been compromised particularly with respect to persistent toxic substances (PTS). Information derived...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1371.028
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacteria can exhibit high levels of resistance to one or more environmental stresses such as temperature, osmolarity, radiation, pH, starvation, as well as resistance to noxious chemicals and antibiotics. Yet evolution has not optimized stress resistance in all bacteria to all stresses. Even within a species like Esch...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1196/annals.1391.003
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies reactive with desmin (D3 and D76) have been generated and their specificities validated by immunoblots, RIAs, and immunocytochemistry. No cross-reaction with other IFPs has been observed. The McAbs recognized different epitopes but both reside in the amino-terminal rod domain of desmin. Whereas M...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb50411.x
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine whether the previously reported differences in adenylate cyclase activity between the sarcolemma of normal and dystrophic chick muscles are also found in the SR, to search for a possible relationship between the adenylate cyclase changes and the pathophysiology of dystrophy, ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb56587.x
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New data on the organization of the intra-amygdaloid circuit is reviewed, beginning with the basolateral (BL) complex, the main input station of the amygdala for sensory afferents, and concluding with the central (CE) nucleus, an important source of projections to brain-stem structures mediating fear responses. The BL...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07073.x
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Fractalkine, a CX3C/chemokine (CX3CL1), mediates monocytes-macrophage infiltration in activated endothelium, suggesting its specific role in atherosclerosis-related inflammation. In this study, we evaluate the following in early RA patients: the...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1381.004
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes the experimental results of a pilot-scale application of membrane technologies to textile wastewater advanced treatment, downstream of a biological activated sludge process, aimed at water reuse in textile technology processes. The chosen approach consisted of sand filtration as a pretreatment, a ...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb05992.x
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a multifunctional cell surface aminopeptidase with ubiquitous expression and it has a variety of functional properties in the development of human malignancies. In the present study, we showed the possible correlation between DPPIV/CD26 expression and less migratory potential with de...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1196/annals.1377.007
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have established that a preferential export of pyruvate-generated citrate occurs from cholesterol-rich tumor mitochondria, with both isolated mitochondrial systems as well as with viable tumor tissue slices (i.e., with whole tumors cells). Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the more rapid citrate efflux kinetic...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb46578.x
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TT virus (TTV) is a recently described circular DNA virus of about 3.8 kb, which is related to the circoviridae viruses. It is commonly detected in healthy subjects and no association with any specific disease has been established. TTV was initially thought to be hepatotropic, but subsequent reports have shown that it...
journal_title：Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03868.x
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
