Abstract：
:In this paper, we demonstrate that by employing a combination of sedimentation field-flow fractionation (sedFFF) and other characterization techniques, such as photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and freeze-fracture electron microscopy (EM), it is possible to show that commercial fat emulsions of similar overall chemical compositions not only may exhibit different size distributions but may have different densities as well. A closer look at the density difference between droplet and suspension medium, on the one hand, and the droplet size, on the other, demonstrates that fat emulsions may have structures other than the traditional oil droplet surrounded by a monolayer of surfactant. From our determined and simulated density differences, we propose that these emulsion droplets may have a multilayered surfactant arrangement as well as an inclusion of water vesicles in the oil phase of the emulsion. Freeze-fracture EM observations provide evidence to confirm the existence of such complex structures. These findings are supported by recent EM work from other laboratories, as well as through chemical verification of elevated water contents in the oil droplets of these emulsions.
journal_name
J Pharm Scijournal_title
Journal of pharmaceutical sciencesauthors
Li J,Caldwell KDdoi
10.1002/jps.2600831114subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-11-01 00:00:00pages
1586-92issue
11eissn
0022-3549issn
1520-6017pii
S0022-3549(15)49646-7journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A sensitive and specific method for the determination of chlorambucil and its metabolite in biological fluids is reported. The method is based on selected-ion monitoring detection following simple extraction of the parent compound, its metabolite, and an internal standard (chlorambucil-d8) from plasma and urine sample...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600690122
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro uptake study was performed using the isolated cells of human oral mucosa, buccal and the dorsum of the tongue, to investigate the mechanisms of glucose uptake. The uptake of D-glucose was much larger in cells of the dorsum of the tongue than in buccal cells and was inhibited more extensively by 2-deoxy-D-...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1021/js980298f
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapid, sensitive, and accurate reversed-phase HPLC method has been developed for the analysis and quantification of pharmaceutical formulations containing tyrothricin (1), an antibiotic used in antiseptic buccal compressed tablets for local application. The assay has been carried out under isocratic conditions, usin...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600830815
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In relation to drug release properties the lateral and rotational mobility of two drugs and one drug mimic in photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) networks were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance as a function of the network cross-link density and temperature. The network mesh size affects...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.21251
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 2B1 which is ubiquitously expressed in the human body is assumed to play an important role in the cellular uptake of many drugs. Although the expression and function of this solute carrier transporter is well characterized in the human liver and other tissues, little i...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.001
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alginate microparticles incorporating hydrocortisone hemisuccinate were produced by aerosolization and homogenization methods to investigate their potential for colonic drug delivery. Microparticle stabilization was achieved by CaCl2 crosslinking solution (0.5 M and 1 M), and drug loading was accomplished by diffusion...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2016.08.015
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To preserve the positive effect of collagen on tissue regeneration and to locally deliver low molecular weight compounds for an extended time period, a composite for parenteral application was devised based on a collagen sponge with gentamicin-loaded PLGA microparticles incorporated. Antibiotic liberation from the par...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.10460
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sugars and polyols have been used routinely with lyophilized proteins and peptides as bulking agents, cryoprotectants, and lyoprotectants. However, reducing sugars may present a problem as excipients since they are potentially reactive with proteins. In this stability study of recombinant human relaxin (Rix) with vari...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/js950456s
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1-[4-(2-Cyclopropylmethoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-[1-p-(bromoacetamidophe nyl) -2-methyl-2-propylamine]-2-propranol (8), which is a derivative of the beta 1-adrenergic agent betaxolol, was synthesized. Compound 8 showed less potent beta-adrenergic blocking activity than betaxolol in an in vitro test with guinea pig tracheal ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600741024
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A thermodynamic analysis of the energy transformations occurring within pharmaceutical tablets during the unloading phase of compaction was performed on Avicel, calcium phosphate, acetaminophen, and calcium oxalate. This analysis was based on viscoelastic stress data collected using an instrumented rotary press and wa...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600830629
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Each of three harmala alkaloids, harmine, harmaline, and harmalol, decreased heart rate and increased pulse pressure, peak aortic flow, and myocardial contractile force in intact normotensive anesthetized dogs. Harmine reduced systemic arterial blood pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance; harmaline-evoked ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600660910
更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the last decade, Quality by Design (QbD) has been getting increased attention in its implementation in the development of pharmaceutical drug products. Understanding of the impact of formulation composition and process on clinical performance is a centerpiece of QbD. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeli...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2016.11.022
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three novel series of 4-oxoquinazoline derivatives were prepared and evaluated as potential antimicrobial agents. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a variety of 4-substituted-1-thiosemicarbazides, 3,4-disubstituted thiazolines, and 3-substituted-5-thiazolidones reveals that the majority possess significant i...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600730731
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the basolateral and brush border membrane of the kidney play a role in the elimination of many clinically important drugs and endogenous compounds. In this study we report the functional expression of organic cation transport activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1021/js960509l
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A computational approach which concomitantly determines the capacity-limited rate constants of parent drug elimination and metabolite formation is presented. The approach applies both the presently derived total excretory recovery versus dose relationships of the metabolite and the AUC versus dose relationships of the...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600791012
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new, specific, and useful approach for the analysis of benzalkonium chloride is presented. Reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography is used to determine benzalkonium chloride in an ophthalmic system at the presevative level of 0.004%. Since the method separates each homolog, it can be extended to determine...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600691006
更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of variable protein binding (taken as independent parameter) on pharmacological activity of drugs is considered in terms of the exposure or the steady state concentration of unbound drug at targeted tissue. Based on the application of the parallel tube or dispersion models it is shown that for the most comm...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.21958
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Isoperibol calorimetry was used to evaluate protein/carbohydrate interactions after freeze drying. rh-DNase, rh-GH, rh-MetGH, and rh-IGF-I were freeze dried with either mannitol, sucrose, trehalose, or dextran at concentrations ranging from 0% to 100% (w/w). Enthalpies of solution for both freeze-dried and physical mi...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.10023
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interaction between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other drugs occurs relatively frequently because of the wide use of NSAIDs. Such interactions with drugs of narrow therapeutic index used in serious disease states may lead to toxicity. Gentamicin toxicity is based on its concentration in serum, and...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600830419
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flumizole is a potent anti-inflammatory agent in animal models with an inhibitory activity severalfold that of indomethacin in rat foot edema and prostaglandin synthetase tests. The drug was well absorbed from the GI tract when administered in the solution used in pharmacological assays. However, markedly poorer absor...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600640909
更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of two potential beta-hydroxylase inhibitors, a dithiocarbamate and a thiourea derivative of d-amphetamine, 1 and 2, respectively. These compounds when given intravenously elicited a significant dose-dependent depressor effect in normotensive rats an...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600740621
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Midazolam (MDZ) is a benzodiazepine commonly administered in preanesthesia of children by oral or by sublingual routes. To mask its bitter taste and enhance its aqueous solubility, we already developed a 0.2% (w/v) MDZ oral solution containing γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), which proves to be better accepted by children in pe...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.23558
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of isomeric benzoylpyrroleacetic acids (1-6) were prepared and tested in vitro for rat lenses aldose reductase activity. These pyrrole derivatives are structurally related to the acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, their anti-inflammatory properties were also evaluated in the carrageenan-i...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600840119
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Colonic drug delivery is intended for local or systemic therapies. The lack of predictive in vitro or animal model leads to considerable time delays in colonic product development. The objective of this scintigraphic study was to provide "proof of concept" for a novel capsule-type colonic delivery system (Colon-Target...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1021/js9704588
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Release characteristics of two ethylated beta-cyclodextrins [heptakis(2,6-di-O-ethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (diethyl-beta-cyclodextrin) and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-ethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (triethyl-beta-cyclodextrin)] as sustained-release drug carriers were evaluated using diltiazem hydrochloride, a water-soluble calcium an...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600790211
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Solvent-induced 3 frameworks (the monohydrate, methanol solvate, and dimethyl formamide [DMF] solvate) of an anticancer drug, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38), were constructed. The crystal structures of the 3 pseudopolymorphs were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique for the first time. Cr...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.020
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study determines the enhancing effects of 2-n-nonyl-1,3-dioxolane on the penetration of econazole, an antifungal drug, into the deeper layers of the human nail where fungal infection resides. Aliquots (10 microL) of Econail lacquer formulation containing 0.45 mg of [(14)C]-econazole with 18% 2-n-nonyl-1,3-dioxola...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.10291
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caco-2 cell monolayers are widely used systems for predicting human intestinal absorption. This study was carried out to develop a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model of Caco-2 permeability using a novel genetic algorithm-based partial least squares (GA-PLS) method. The Caco-2 permeability data f...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.10214
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present work, the effect of controlled nucleation on the stability of human growth hormone (hGH) during freeze-drying has been investigated. More specifically, the vacuum-induced surface freezing technique has been compared to conventional freezing, both with and without an annealing step. Size exclusion chroma...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2019.04.014
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantification analysis with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy typically requires utilizing chemometric techniques, such as partial least squares (PLS) method, to achieve the desired selectivity. This article points out a major limitation of these statistical-based calibration methods. The limitation is that the techni...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.21482
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
