Abstract:
:Eradication of malignant brain tumors by in situ intratumoral, retrovirally mediated transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) gene, which sensitizes the tumor cells to ganciclovir, has recently been demonstrated in animal models. The observation that tumors studied in vitro and in animals can be completely eliminated despite only partial transduction of the tumor suggests a bystander mechanism that affects nontransduced tumor cells. Such a bystander effect is not completely understood and may represent a combination of several factors that lead to tumor eradication. Endothelial cells of the tumor blood vessels were shown to occasionally integrate the retroviral vector and thus become sensitized to ganciclovir. In the presence of vector-producer cells, which continuously release infectious viral particles, diffuse multifocal hemorrhages occurred during ganciclovir administration. When the tumor was composed of cells that had been transduced with the thymidine kinase gene before inoculation, no infectious viral particles were present within the tumor, no transduction of endothelial cells occurred, and no hemorrhages were observed during ganciclovir therapy. These observations suggest that tumor regression may be due, in part, to destruction of in vivo HSVtk-transduced endothelial cells after exposure to ganciclovir, resulting in tumor ischemia as one possible bystander mechanism. The authors investigated this hypothesis using the subcutaneous 9L gliosarcoma tumor model in Fischer rats. The tumors were evaluated with Doppler color-flow and ultrasound imaging during the various phases of the study. Twenty rats received intratumoral injections of HSVtk retroviral vector-producer cells (6 x 10(7) cells/ml) 21 days after bilateral flank tumor inoculation. Ten rats were subsequently treated with intraperitoneal ganciclovir (15 mg/kg/ml twice a day) for 14 days starting on Day 7 after producer cell injection; 10 control rats received intraperitoneal saline injections (1 ml twice a day) instead of ganciclovir. Ultrasound and flow images were obtained before cell injection, before and during ganciclovir or saline administration, and after cessation of treatment. The number, location, and ultrasonographic appearance of tumor vessels and the tumor volumes were recorded. The number of blood vessels in the tumors increased over time in both groups before treatment. Intratumoral cell injection without ganciclovir administration did not influence tumor growth or intratumoral vasculature. However, tumor vasculature decreased after initiation of ganciclovir therapy in the HSVtk-transduced tumors (p < 0.05). Early patchy or diffuse necrotic changes associated with ultrasonographic evidence of scattered intratumoral hemorrhage occurred in tumors treated with ganciclovir.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
journal_name
J Neurosurgjournal_title
Journal of neurosurgeryauthors
Ram Z,Walbridge S,Shawker T,Culver KW,Blaese RM,Oldfield EHdoi
10.3171/jns.1994.81.2.0256subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-08-01 00:00:00pages
256-60issue
2eissn
0022-3085issn
1933-0693journal_volume
81pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The intracranial pressure-volume (PV) relationship was examined postoperatively after removal of brain tumors in two groups of patients (13 in all). Changes of ventricular fluid pressure were analyzed by a method involving fluid injection into the lateral ventricle. A technique has been developed which provides quanti...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1982.57.4.0500
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:Intraoperative bleeding often obscures the surgical field and may cause neurological damage. The irrigation fluids used during surgery might affect physiological hemostasis because they modulate the extracellular fluid composition of the bleeding area directly. The authors therefore investigated the influence of...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2009.7.JNS09561
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are benign lesions that can be diagnosed as an incidental finding associated with headaches, pituitary dysfunction, or vision deterioration. Typically, they occur in a sellar or suprasellar location. The aim of this study was to review the clinical presentation and outcomes associated w...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2009.10.JNS09348
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::To define the site, degree, and dynamics of mechanical compression of the spinal nerve roots, pressure was measured in 42 patients with clinical symptoms and myelographic findings indicating central lumbar spinal stenosis. Pathological pressure on the cauda equina was found in 67% of the patients. The pressure in the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1982.57.1.0057
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:The supplementary motor area (SMA) plays an important role in planning, initiation, and execution of motor acts. Patients with SMA lesions are impaired in various kinematic parameters, such as velocity and duration of movement. However, the relationships between neuronal activity and these parameters in the huma...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2008.10.JNS08466
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are a leading cause of death and disability in young people. Given that a major cause of death from MVAs is traumatic brain injury, and neurosurgeons hold special expertise in this area relative to other members of a trauma team, the authors hypothesized that neurosurgeon populatio...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2012.6.JNS111281
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delayed intracranial hematomas are an important treatable cause of secondary brain injury in patients with head trauma. Early identification and treatment of these lesions, which appear or enlarge after the initial computerized tomography (CT) scan, may improve neurological outcome. Serial examinations using near-infr...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1995.83.3.0438
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a randomized postoperative trial, adjuvant post-irradiation chemotherapy, consisting of nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP), was tested versus radiation therapy alone for newly diagnosed medulloblastoma in patients between 1 and 21 years of age. Patients treated with irradiation plus ...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3171/jns.1991.74.6.0905
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extraaxial cerebellopontine angle (CPA) medulloblastomas and other primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are rare tumors. The authors report on two patients with PNETs who presented with progressive audiovestibular symptoms. In each case magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed an extraaxial lesion that filled the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/jns.2001.94.4.0612
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood flow velocity was recorded from the middle or anterior cerebral and extracranial internal carotid arteries using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) in 121 unselected consecutive patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recordings were made daily or every 2nd day after SAH for a 14-day per...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1993.78.2.0183
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:The authors tested the hypothesis in a porcine model that inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis during reduced cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) affected the relative cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebrovascular resistance. METHODS:The CPP was reduced by inducing high cerebrospinal fluid pressure and hemorr...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1998.89.3.0448
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The author, while a research illustrator at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, studied two ancient skulls from the Incan period in Peru, both with trephination. Her conclusions and illustrations of the skulls are included in this paper. ...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1992.76.3.0550
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten cases of meningioma of the pineal region were histologically verified at a single institution during an 8-year period. These represented 0.3% of 3061 intracranial meningiomas, as well as 6.2% of 164 pineal tumors. Patients were predominantly women. Symptoms and signs of increased intracranial pressure were most co...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1996.85.4.0586
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:To overcome the limitations associated with surgical approaches that have been described for accessing intraparenchymal lesions of the anteromedial region of the superior cerebellum, the authors used a posterior subtemporal transtentorial approach to remove tumors in this region. In this paper they describe the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.2005.103.5.0783
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:Using a database that enabled longitudinal follow-up, the authors assessed the long-term outcomes of unruptured cerebral aneurysms repaired by clipping or coiling. METHODS:An observational analysis of the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) database, which follows patients lon...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2014.3.JNS131159
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The direct cortical response (DCR), an electrical potential recorded in the immediate vicinity of a surface cortical stimulus, shows a configuration in the primary sensory areas of animals that is different from the one observed in association cortex. This suggested the possibility that systematic study of the DCR in ...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1994.80.4.0701
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes following macrodiscectomy and microsurgery for one-level one-sided lumbar disc excision. METHODS:The authors prospectively studied 114 consecutive patients who underwent microdiscectomy (Group A, 63 patients [36 men, 27 women]) and macrodiscectomy (Group B, 51 p...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/spi.2003.99.3.0247
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:In the preceding article, the authors described the Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire (HOQ), a simple, reliable, and valid measure of health status in children with hydrocephalus. In the present study, they present their initial experience in using the HOQ to quantify the health status in a typical cohort of c...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/ped.2004.101.2.0141
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:Knowing the rate of rupture associated with unruptured cerebral aneurysms (UCAs) can help surgeons determine a case management strategy in patients harboring these lesions. According to large-scale cohort studies involving populations in North America and Europe, small unruptured aneurysms carry a very low risk ...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3171/jns.2005.102.4.0601
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A reversible and presumably neurogenic form of myocardial dysfunction may occur following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but the relationship of this finding to electrocardiographic abnormalities remains unclear. To clarify this issue, serial electrocardiograms (ECGs, mean 6.2 per patient) and echocardiograms (mean 3....
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1995.83.5.0889
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Space-occupying lesions of the basal ganglia are a rare cause of extrapyramidal dysfunction in children. Metastatic pineal germinoma in both basal ganglia produced dystonia in a 12-year-old boy. The literature is reviewed. Extrapyramidal manifestations in the child are compared with previously reported cases of basal ...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1978.48.1.0108
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::OBJECTIVE Maximum extent of resection (EOR) for lower-grade and high-grade gliomas can increase survival rates of patients. However, these infiltrative gliomas are often observed near or within eloquent regions of the brain. Awake surgery is of known benefit for the treatment of gliomas associated with eloquent region...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2016.9.JNS16152
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of drains in the treatment of syringomyelia has a simple and immediate appeal and has been practiced widely since the report of Abbe and Coley over 100 years ago. Good short-term results have been claimed in the past, but long-term outcome is largely unknown. An experience in Birmingham, England is reviewed in...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1995.82.1.0001
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-documented extravasation as an indicator of continued hemorrhage in patients with acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS:The authors studied 108 patients with acute hyperintensive ICH. Imaging modalities...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1998.88.4.0650
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The usefulness of electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring as well as the significance of the period of cross clamping in carotid endarterectomy have not been completely defined. In particular, the clinical importance of major EEG changes has not been fully investigated and some recent studies seem to indicate that th...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1986.65.6.0815
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial shunt revision surgeries are sometimes difficult due to venous occlusion and neck scarring. A direct approach guided by venography facilitates exposure and guarantees accurate placement of the distal catheter. Five patients with complicated histories of shunt malfunction were treated using an endoscope-assisted...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/ped.2007.106.4.319
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:Control of intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) is the foundation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) management. In this study, the authors examined whether conventional ICP- and CPP-guided neurocritical care ensures adequate brain tissue O2 in the first 6 hours after resuscitation. ME...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.2006.105.4.568
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 42-year-old man suffered a head injury in a road traffic accident and subsequently developed anosmia and isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency. There was no other evidence of pituitary dysfunction. No previous case of isolated ACTH deficiency following head injury has been reported. ...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1990.73.3.0453
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:Endothelial tight junction (TJ) expression is mostly absent in cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs), which causes increased perilesional erythrocyte and fluid oozing. However, in a subset of CM lesions, foci of preserved TJ staining are observed along endothelial cell contacts. The clinical relevance of this f...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/2014.6.JNS132775
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECT:It has been demonstrated that growth of cerebral meningiomas found in humans is controlled by a variety of factors, including growth factors, aminergic agents, neuropeptides, and steroids. To further our knowledge of this process, the authors investigated the presence and function of the cytokines leukemia inhib...
journal_title:Journal of neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3171/jns.1998.88.3.0541
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00