Abstract:
:The purpose of this article is to introduce and describe a statistical model that researchers can use to evaluate underlying mechanisms of behavioral onset and other event occurrence outcomes. Specifically, the article develops a framework for estimating mediation effects with outcomes measured in discrete-time epochs by integrating the statistical mediation model with discrete-time survival analysis. The methodology has the potential to help strengthen health research by targeting prevention and intervention work more effectively as well as by improving our understanding of discretized periods of risk. The model is applied to an existing longitudinal data set to demonstrate its use, and programming code is provided to facilitate its implementation.
journal_name
Eval Health Profjournal_title
Evaluation & the health professionsauthors
Fairchild AJ,Abara WE,Gottschall AC,Tein JY,Prinz RJdoi
10.1177/0163278713512124subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-09-01 00:00:00pages
315-42issue
3eissn
0163-2787issn
1552-3918pii
0163278713512124journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The central purpose of this article is to review the major approaches to evaluation of health care quality in terms of its use of different data sources. The areas of application, advantages, and disadvantages of seven data sources are presented, including direct observation, clinical records, record abstracts, clinic...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327878300600302
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article summarizes the results of a critical review of several cost-benefit analyses (CBA) of health care programs. With pertinent examples, it is demonstrated that the results and conclusions of a study depend upon the assumptions and methods underlying the measurement of costs and benefits in a CBA. Given the i...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/016327878400700302
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health policy makers rely on survey estimates of physician practice costs to set reimbursement rates. The Health Care Financing Administration has just funded a multimillion dollar effort to collect survey data that will be used to revise payments under the Medicare Fee Schedule. However, the ability of large-scale ph...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327879601900102
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program sponsors an array of innovative, collaborative research. This study uses complementary bibliometric approaches to assess the scope, influence, and interdisciplinary collaboration of publications supported by single CTSA hubs and those supported by multiple h...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278719839435
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study identified previously reported facilitators and barriers to pharmacist-client communication and then evaluated their impact on the observed communication behaviors of pharmacists. Pharmacists (n = 100) completed a seven-page questionnaire collecting information on 11 variables that had been organized accord...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278703258104
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Survey administrators face trade-offs between expending additional survey resources to maximize response rates versus using fewer resources and accepting lower response rates. Using data from the Community Tracking Study's Physician Survey, we examined how survey estimates and data quality changed as additional respon...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278702250077
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present report describes the use of patient focus groups by a primary health care facility. We review our rationale for using focus groups and the process we used to prepare for and conduct them. We then highlight the results and lessons learned through this experience. Focus groups can be an excellent method for ...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01632780022034480
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A questionnaire was distributed at the American Association of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome's biannual convention in Washington in January 2001 as well as through various Internet Web sites and listserves during early February and March of 2001. The sample consisted of 432 respondents. Most respondents (86%) indicated the...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01632780122034993
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In any survey where some of the invited participants fail to respond estimates may be biased. The literature on survey nonresponse is substantial, and the intellectual focus has typically been on the nonresponse of individuals. An important yet less scrutinized area in the analysis of nonresponse is in organizational ...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278717713569
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Workshops on new methods in the health professions have often been evaluated for participant reaction and understanding of the material. But behavior change on the job following workshops has seldom been assessed. Rehabilitation professionals in seven states were surveyed to determine use of behavior management proced...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327877900200404
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A meta-analysis of studies examining the interrater reliability of the standard practice of peer assessments of quality of care was conducted. Using the Medline, Health Planning and Administration, and SCISEARCH databases, the English-language literature from 1966 through 1991 was searched for studies of chance correc...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1177/016327879401700101
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The movement of a group of chronically mentally ill clients among various facilities for residential care was described with a Markov probability model. The results of a goodness-of-fit test indicated that the model accurately captured the flow of clients among the state psychiatric hospital, the in-patient units, the...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327878100400108
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated health benefits of long-term participation in an employer-based wellness program, focusing on selected chronic disease risk factors. A repeated measures longitudinal time-series study was conducted of 8 years of existing prospectively collected annual data, including clinical measures of weight, b...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278710379222
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Dominican Republic (DR)-based multi-community trial of smoking cessation viewed health care workers (HCWs) as potential interventionists. Effectively engaging them requires a clear understanding of their attitudes and practices regarding smoking. A Rapid Assessment Procedure, conducted among HCWs in six economically...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278709333152
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article illustrates an application of confirmatory factor analysis, using the LISREL program, to retrospective analysis of rating data common in health professions education. We begin with specification of a causal model reflecting the multitrait-multimethod design of a surgical house-officer ranking system. The ...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327878701000110
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is characterized by debilitating symptoms including persistent or relapsing fatigue. As a result of CFS, some individuals experience significant stigma that is attached to this illness. Many medical professionals are skeptical of the validity of the illness, and employers often fail to a...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01632789922034400
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacists are routinely providing reproductive health counseling in community pharmacies, but studies have revealed significant deficits in their competencies. Therefore, continuing pharmacy education (CPE) could be utilized as a valuable modality to upgrade pharmacists' capabilities. A randomized controlled trial w...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0163278713513949
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rising health care costs in general and hospital costs in particular have placed significant financial strain on federal programs such as Medicare. It was with this in mind that the Reagan administration in 1983 initiated Medicare's new prospective payment system based on diagnostic-related groups (DRGs) to reduce the...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327878801100405
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complementary and alternative therapies such as reflexology and acupuncture have been the subject of numerous evaluations, clinical trials, and systematic reviews, yet the empirical evidence in support of their efficacy remains equivocal. The empirical evaluation of a therapy would normally assume a plausible rational...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278710361923
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interviewers administered the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (RSES) to five groups of Black (formal township and informal settlement), White, Indian, and mixed race adult residents of Greater Pretoria. The results demonstrated that the RSES was psychometrically sound for the five groups. The minimal effects of sociodemog...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278713504214
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A practice analysis, in which an appropriate sample of professionals is asked to describe what they do in their practices, is considered an essential part of the content-related validity evidence for licensure and certification tests. This article examines the precision of estimates of the mean frequencies for categor...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327879501800103
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surveys of physicians are an important tool to assess opinions and self-reported behaviors of this policy-relevant population. However, this population is notoriously difficult to survey and plagued with low and falling response rates. In order to evaluate the potential import of response rate, we examine the presence...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278711435542
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of this study were to explore the meaning of scientific evidence as it is understood by primary care physicians. Individual interviews were conducted with actors chosen for their roles in the production and use of knowledge: 22 family physicians, 13 specialist physicians, and 6 researchers. Two situatio...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278707311870
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::For meta-analyses of observational epidemiology studies, unadjusted and adjusted study estimates are often extracted. However, there is evidence of selective reporting of adjusted study estimates. We investigate adjustment reporting bias, examining the reasons why some studies do not contribute an adjusted estimate to...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0163278708324438
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cluster analysis can be a useful statistical technique for setting minimum passing scores on high-stakes examinations by grouping examinees into homogenous clusters based on their responses to test items. It has been most useful for supplementing data or validating minimum passing scores determined from expert judgmen...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278707307904
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is currently limited information on the comparative effectiveness of the European Union(7)-potentially inappropriate medication (EU(7)-PIM) list and the Beers criteria for screening PIMs, of which PIMs are a significant concern, in the geriatric population of nursing home residents. This study aims to determine ...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278719900653
更新日期:2020-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::The medical education literature concerned with the teaching role fulfilled by house officers was reviewed by the authors. Articles were presented in three categories: (1) studies of house officer effort, (2) perceptions of the house officer's teaching role, and (3) assessing and improving house officer teaching skill...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/016327878801100101
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this concluding article, the authors describe factors that influence the international translation of programs. These include language, control over the translation process, local normative challenges to translation, program adaptation, and globalization. The authors suggest that systematic efforts at language tran...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0163278708320168
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In modern democracies, societal objectives are pluralistic, varied, and often mutually conflicting. Consequently, cost-benefit analysts have considerable scope for defining societal objectives in a manner most suitable for advocating their clients' programs. Three different therapies for a hypothetical disease are con...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/016327878200500401
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obtaining a high response rate in survey research can bolster statistical power, reduce sampling error, and enhance the generalizability of the results to the population surveyed. We describe a mail survey designed to achieve a high return rate of completed questionnaires from members of the American Psychological Ass...
journal_title:Evaluation & the health professions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/01678702025002002
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00