Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to partition the change in US life expectancy into those major causes of death and age groups that contributed most to the decline in life expectancy for Black males and females and to the increase in life expectancy for White males and females in the period from 1984 through 1989. METHODS:By means of a life table partitioning technique, the positive and negative contributions of age and cause of death to changes in life expectancy were estimated. RESULTS:Causes contributing most to the decrease in life expectancy for Black males included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (< 5 and 20-69 years of age) and homicide (1-4 and 10-34 years of age); for Black females the causes included HIV infection (< 5 and 20-59 years of age) and cancer (65-79 and > or = 85 years of age). CONCLUSIONS:Mortality trends between the two major race groups in the United States diverged sharply, and without precedent, during the late 1980s. A description of these trends in terms of contributions to change in life expectancy may help us better analyze and interpret changes in the health of these groups and may contribute to a better allocation of resources for research, education, and public health programs.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Kochanek KD,Maurer JD,Rosenberg HMdoi
10.2105/ajph.84.6.938subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-06-01 00:00:00pages
938-44issue
6eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
84pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Intersectionality, an analytical approach rooted in Black feminist theory and praxis, has become more widely used in population health research. The majority of quantitative population health studies have used intersectionality as a theoretical framework to investigate how multiple social identities rather than social...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305610
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Washington County, Maryland, ownership of cats and/or dogs was compared among 48 residents who committed suicide in the years 1975-83 and 96 living controls matched to the suicides by race, sex, and date of birth. Another comparison used as controls persons of same race, sex, and age who died of causes other than s...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.75.10.1223
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A representative sample of women living in metropolitan Los Angeles were asked what they heard and what they believed about mammography and whether they would obtain a mammogram if their doctor advised it. Forty percent of these women said they had not heard of mammography even after the procedure was described. Few o...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.11.1172
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study assessed changes in the prevalence of hearing impairment in persons aged 50 years and older over the past 30 years and identified risk factors. METHODS:Age-adjusted hearing impairment prevalence rates at four time intervals were calculated from the Alameda County Study (n = 5108). Logistic regres...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.3.440
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article examines the role of Black American nurses during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic and the aftermath of World War I. The pandemic caused at least 50 million deaths worldwide and 675 000 in the United States. It occurred during a period of pervasive segregation and racial violence, in which Black Americans...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305003
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We used data from a nationally representative sample to examine the associations among 3 dimensions of sexual orientation (identity, attraction, and behavior), lifetime and past-year mood and anxiety disorders, and sex. METHODS:We analyzed data from wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.152942
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured the association between walking for exercise and the ratio of total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol in 3,621 adults. After controlling for age, gender, income, body fat, alcohol use, exercise other than walking, and cigarette smoking, adults in the high, moderate, and low duration walking categories were compa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.9.1111
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A joint urban planning and public health perspective is articulated here for use, in health impact assessment. Absent a blueprint for a coherent and supportive structure on which to test our thinking, we are bound to fall flat. Such a perspective is made necessary by the sheer number of people living in cities through...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.1.118
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study reports the results of a behavior change intervention offered to women at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection seen in an urban primary health care clinic. METHODS:Participants were 197 women randomly assigned to either an HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) risk re...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.12.1918
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.9.1251
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated sexual orientation disparities in Papanicolaou screening among US women aged 21 to 44 years (n = 9581) in the 2006 to 2010 National Survey of Family Growth. The odds ratios for lesbian versus heterosexual women and women with no versus only male sexual partners were 0.40 and 0.32, respectively, and wer...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301548
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed the prevalence of antituberculosis drug resistance among children with tuberculosis (TB) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. METHODS:Drug susceptibility testing for isoniazid and rifampin was prospectively done on all children with culture-confirmed TB at Tygerberg Children's Hospital,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.143271
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the association between leisure time physical activity and cause-specific mortality among male Whitehall Study participants with chronic bronchitis. METHODS:Rate ratios were calculated for 4 mortality outcomes, according to level of activity and baseline bronchitis status, in a 25-year f...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.5.817
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study evaluated the efficacy of radiographic screening for tuberculosis in correctional facilities. METHODS:Inmates at an admission facility in New York, NY, were screened for tuberculosis by registry cross-match, symptom interviews, tuberculin testing, and chest radiography. RESULTS:Thirty-two cases ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.8.1335
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed whether associations between education and 2 health behaviors--smoking and leisure-time physical inactivity (LTPI)--depended on nativity and age at immigration among Hispanic and Asian young adults. METHODS:Data came from the 2000-2008 National Health Interview Survey. The sample included 13 345...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.191890
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty-nine per cent of 1,900 randomly selected adult Health Plan members received one or more tetanus injections during a 10-year period of continuous eligibility. Age-specific immunization rates decreased from 47 per cent for 20-39 year olds to 28 per cent for those over age 70. Nearly half of the elderly, age 60+, ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.8.841
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We reviewed the outpatient medical records of 265 homeless children less than 5 years of age in New York City and compared them with children of similar low socioeconomic status (SES) attending the same pediatric clinic. The frequency of health problems among the homeless children, including delayed immunizations, ele...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.9.1232
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the prevalence of abortion among population groups and changes in rates between 2008 and 2014. METHODS:We used secondary data from the Abortion Patient Survey, the American Community Survey, and the National Survey of Family Growth to estimate abortion rates. We used information from the Abortion ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304042
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined associations between unfair treatment, attributions of unfair treatment to racial discrimination, and cumulative disease damage among African American women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS:We used multivariable regression models to examine SLE damage among 578 African American w...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302727
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologists have expressed concern about constraints upon the conduct of epidemiological research imposed by Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), attorneys, and both institutional and individual health services providers. The epidemiologists assert that these constraints, not necessarily required by law or sound po...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.10.1155
更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines artificial reproduction (AR) within a broad comparative perspective and with specific reference to Czechoslovak law, medicine, and demography. It proceeds form an analysis of the social context that gives rise to technologies of AR to a review of the two principal technologies, artificial inseminat...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.1.57
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.300012
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.062950
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the joint impact of states' Medicaid expansion and participation in Medicaid enrollment outreach at the take-up of other means-tested public programs (Women, Infants, and Children [WIC], Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program [SNAP]). METHODS:Data were used from the American Community Survey, ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304592
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a theoretical framework to organize obesity prevention interventions by their likely impact on the socioeconomic gradient of weight. The degree to which an intervention involves individual agency versus structural change influences socioeconomic inequalities in weight. Agentic interventions, such as stand...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302066
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined associations between premigration political violence exposure and past-year intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among immigrant men attending community health centers in Boston. METHODS:A convenience sample of immigrant men (N = 379; aged 18-35 years), largely from the Caribbean and Cap...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.120634
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the role of body mass index (BMI) and other factors in driver deaths within 30 days after motor vehicle crashes. METHODS:We collected data for 22 107 drivers aged 16 years and older who were involved in motor vehicle crashes from the Crashworthiness Data System of the National Automotive Samplin...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.058156
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Between April and September of 2009 we evaluated the accuracy of the OraQuick HCV rapid antibody test and assessed its feasibility for use by community-based organizations (CBOs) serving populations at high risk for HCV in New York City. METHODS:We compared the results of screening by OraQuick (oral swab) a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300251
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An ever-present challenge for the oral health profession is to reduce the extent of oral disease among racial and ethnic minority populations. Adding to this complex dilemma is the linkage between oral health and systemic health. We describe enhanced cultural competency, in the context of individual cultural beliefs, ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303721
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the relationship between ability to speak English and receipt of Papanicolaou tests, clinical breast examinations, and mammography in a multiethnic group of women in the United States. METHODS:We used longitudinal data from the Study of Women Across the Nation to examine receipt of breast and ce...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.041418
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00