Abstract:
:ICP0 is a potent activator of herpes simplex virus type 1 gene expression in transient assays and in productive infection. A role for ICP0 in reactivation from latency in vivo has also been suggested on the basis of the observation that viruses with mutations in both copies of the diploid gene for ICP0 reactivate less efficiently than wild-type virus. Because the ICP0 gene is contained entirely within the coding sequences for the latency-associated transcripts (LATs), ICP0 mutants also contain mutations in LAT coding sequences. This overlap raises the question of whether mutations in ICP0 or the LATs, which have also been implicated in reactivation, are responsible for the reduced reactivation frequencies characteristic of ICP0 mutants. Two approaches were taken to examine more definitively the role of ICP0 in the establishment and reactivation of latency. First, a series of ICP0 nonsense, insertion, and deletion mutant viruses that exhibit graded levels of ICP0-specific transactivating activity were tested for parameters of the establishment and reactivation of latency in a mouse ocular model. Although these mutants are ICP0 LAT double mutants, all nonsense mutants induced the synthesis of near-wild-type levels of the 2-kb LAT, demonstrating that the nonsense linker did not disrupt the synthesis of this LAT species. All mutants replicated less efficiently than the wild-type virus in mouse eyes and ganglia during the acute phase of infection. The replication efficiencies of the mutants at these sites corresponded well with the ICP0 transactivating activities of individual mutant peptides in transient expression assays. All mutants exhibited reduced reactivation frequencies relative to those of wild-type virus, and reactivation frequencies, like replication efficiencies in eyes and ganglia, correlated well with the level of ICP0 transactivating activity exhibited by individual mutant peptides. The amount of DNA of the different mutants varied in latently infected ganglia, as demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction analysis. No correlation was evident between reactivation frequencies and the levels of viral DNA in latently infected ganglia. Thus, replication and reactivation efficiencies of ICP0 mutant viruses correlated well with the transactivating efficiency of the corresponding mutant peptides. In a second approach to examining the role of ICP0 in latency, a single copy of the wild-type gene for ICP0 was inserted into the genome of an ICP0- LAT- double mutant, 7134, which exhibits a marked impairment in its ability to replicate in the mouse eye and reactivate from latency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Cai W,Astor TL,Liptak LM,Cho C,Coen DM,Schaffer PAdoi
10.1128/JVI.67.12.7501-7512.1993subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-12-01 00:00:00pages
7501-12issue
12eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514journal_volume
67pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) alpha protein ICP27 regulates the transition between the delayed-early and late phases of the viral infection. Previous genetic analyses have suggested that the important functional domains of ICP27 map to its carboxyl-terminal half. One striking feature of the primary sequence ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.4.1778-1787.1993
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated how the broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody 2F5 affects the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein as it undergoes receptor-induced conformational changes and show that 2F5 binds both native and fusion-intermediate conformations, suggesting inhibition of a late step in virus ent...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.78.5.2627-2631.2004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:An understanding of the antigen-specific B-cell response to the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) is critical to the development of universal influenza vaccines, but it has not been possible to examine these cells directly because HA binds to sialic acid (SA) on most cell types. Here, we use structure-based...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.03422-13
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The small RNA segment (S segment) of Uukuniemi (UUK) virus encodes two proteins, the nucleocapsid protein (N) and a nonstructural protein (NSs), by an ambisense strategy. The function of NSs has not been elucidated for any of the bunyaviruses expressing this protein. We have now expressed the N and NSs proteins in Sf9...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.7.4233-4241.1992
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dengue virus (DEN) causes dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome, which are major public health problems worldwide. The immune factors that control DEN infection or contribute to severe disease are neither well understood nor easy to examine in humans. In this study, we used wild-type and cong...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.78.6.2701-2710.2004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The susceptibility of monocyte-derived cultured dendritic cells (DCs) to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and their role in viral transmission in the immune response were studied in detail. We observed that highly purified cultured DCs were infected with the T-tropic Lai strain of HIV type 1 (HIV-1Lai) via...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.7.4544-4547.1995
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies indicate that expansion of NKG2C-positive natural killer (NK) cells is associated with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV); however, their activity in response to HCMV-infected cells remains unclear. We show that NKG2C(hi) CD57(hi) NK cells gated on CD3(neg) CD56(dim) cells can be phenotypically identified as ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01096-13
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease (PR) makes five obligatory cleavages in the viral Gag polyprotein precursor. The cleavage events release the virion structural proteins from the precursor and allow the virion to undergo maturation to become infectious. The protease cleavage between the matrix p...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00317-09
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::ICP0, one of the five immediate-early (IE) gene products of herpes simplex virus (HSV), is a potent activator of transcription. To assess the biological activities of ICP0 and to explore its mechanisms of action, two helper-independent recombinant adenoviruses were constructed. In each recombinant, the E1 region was s...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.12.4544-4553.1988
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental evidence from the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of AIDS has shown that the nef gene is critical in the pathogenesis of AIDS. Consequently, nef is of considerable interest in both antiviral drug and vaccine development. Preliminary findings in two rhesus macaques indicated that a deletion of on...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.8.5117-5123.1995
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphorylation of the expressed NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a member of the Hepacivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae, has been demonstrated in mammalian cells and in a cell-free assay by an associated kinase activity. In this report, phosphorylation is also shown for the NS5A and NS5 proteins, respec...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.7.6199-6206.1998
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the 5' ends of Hantaan virus (HTN) genomes and mRNAs to gain insight into the manner in which these chains were initiated. Like those of all members of the family Bunyaviridae described so far, the HTN mRNAs contained 5' terminal extensions that were heterogeneous in both length and sequence, presumably be...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.9.5754-5762.1995
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In July 1991, an influenza A virus, designated A/Maryland/12/91 (A/MD), was isolated from the bronchial secretions of a 27-year-old animal caretaker. He had been admitted to the hospital with bilateral pneumonia and died of acute respiratory distress syndrome 13 days later. Antigenic analyses with postinfection ferret...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.4.2051-2058.1994
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Half of the world's population is exposed to the risk of dengue virus infection. Although a vaccine for dengue virus is now available in a few countries, its reported overall efficacy of about 60% is not ideal. Protective immune correlates following natural dengue virus infection remain undefined, which makes it diffi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01096-16
更新日期:2016-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::A/chicken/FJ/G9/09 (FJ/G9) is an H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) strain causing high morbidity that was isolated from broilers in Fujian Province of China in 2009. FJ/G9 has been used as the vaccine strain against H9N2 AIV infection in Fujian Province of China. Here, we report the complete genome sequenc...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01623-12
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Second-site revertants from replication-incompetent molecular clones of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contain base substitutions adjacent to the TATA motif. The altered TATA box motifs were analyzed for their effect(s) on virus infectivity, long terminal repeat (LTR)-directed expression in transient transfection ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.5.3298-3307.1994
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella and establishes latency in sensory nerve ganglia, but the characteristics of VZV latency are not well defined. Immunohistochemical detection of the VZV immediate-early 63 (IE63) protein in ganglion neurons has been described, but there are significant discrepancies in esti...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02416-09
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) establishes a lifelong infection in mice and is used as a model pathogen to study the role of viral and host factors in chronic infection. The maintenance of chronic MHV68 infection, at least in some latency reservoirs, appears to be dependent on the capacity of the virus to reactiva...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01717-08
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interferons inhibit the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), but not of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), in mouse JLSV-11 cells. We report the isolation of clonal derivatives from this cell line in which the replication of both viruses is impaired by interferons. These clones were selected from the paren...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.9.3175-3181.1988
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hpt-13 is a Chinese hamster cell line deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) and sensitive to a medium containing 10(-4) M hypoxanthine, 5.5 X 10(-6) M aminopterin, and 10(-4) M thymidine. In this cell line there is a high incidence of cells resistant to this selective medium after an incubat...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.38.1.184-190.1981
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA-dependent RNA polymerases were found to be associated with two salmonid rhabdoviruses: infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus and the virus of hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS). The protein composition of these rhabdoviruses closely resembles that of rabies virus rather than that of vesicular stomatitis virus (M...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.22.3.839-843.1977
更新日期:1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse-adapted dengue type 4 virus (DEN4) strain H241 is highly neurovirulent for mice, whereas its non-mouse-adapted parent is rarely neurovirulent. The genetic basis for the neurovirulence of the mouse-adapted mutant was studied by comparing intratypic chimeric viruses that contained the three structural protein gene...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.11.6567-6575.1993
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Establishment of persistent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection requires transition from a program of full viral latency gene expression (latency III) to one that is highly restricted (latency I and 0) within memory B lymphocytes. It is well established that DNA methylation plays a critical role in EBV gene silencing, ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.05923-11
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The minor glycoproteins from hepatitis B surface antigen, GP33 and GP36, contain at their carboxy-terminal part the sequence of the major protein P24. They have 55 additional amino acids at the amino-terminal part which are coded by the pre-S region of the viral DNA. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.46.2.626-628.1983
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we investigated the expression levels of host restriction factors in six untreated HIV-1-positive patients over the course of infection. We found that the host restriction factor gene expression profile consistently increased over time and was significantly associated with CD4+ T cell activation and vir...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01771-14
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following the initial detection of viral infection, innate immune responses trigger the induction of numerous interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) to inhibit virus replication and dissemination. One such ISG encodes cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol to form a solub...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01047-18
更新日期:2018-08-29 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Virions vary in size by at least 4 orders of magnitude, yet the evolutionary forces responsible for this enormous diversity are unknown. We document a significant allometric relationship, with an exponent of approximately 1.5, between the genome length and virion volume of viruses and find that this relation...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00362-14
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::2G12 is a broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 monoclonal human IgG1 antibody reactive with a high-mannose glycan cluster on the surface of glycoprotein gp120. A key feature of this very highly mutated antibody is domain exchange of the heavy-chain variable region (V(H)) with the V(H) of the adjacent Fab of the same immuno...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01111-10
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The family Asfarviridae contains only a single virus species, African swine fever virus (ASFV). ASFV is a viral agent with significant economic impact due to its devastating effects on populations of domesticated pigs during outbreaks but has not been reported to infect humans. We report here the discovery of novel vi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00638-09
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell extracts from murine A9 or human HeLa cells containing wild-type copies the NS1 polypeptide of minute virus of mice (MVM), produced from a recombinant vaccinia virus, can support the resolution of viral 3' termini from palindromic junction fragments of dimeric, replicative-form MVM DNA. Resolution resulted in the...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.67.3.1579-1589.1993
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00