Abstract:
:1. Monkeys were trained to react to an arm perturbation according to an instruction delivered prior to the perturbation. There were two possible instructions (push or pull), and monkeys learned to respond accordingly regardless of the direction (push or pull) of the triggering perturbation. 2. Pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) in contralateral motor cortex arm area responded to the triggering perturbation with two dissociable components: 1) a relatively short-latency (20-25 ms) reflex component which depended on the direction of the perturbation, and 2) a longer latency (40-50 ms) intended component which depended on the prior instruction. 3. Intended PTN discharge could occur in arm area with latencies of 50 ms even following arm perturbations whose initial reflex effects on the PTN were inhibitory. 4. Intended PTN responses triggered by perturbations of the appropriate body part occur at shorter latencies than intended PTN responses triggered by auditory or visual stimuli. These short-latency intended PTN responses may play a role in thsshort-latency but volitionally controlled limb movements occurring in response to limb perturbations.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Evarts EV,Tanji Jdoi
10.1152/jn.1976.39.5.1069subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1976-09-01 00:00:00pages
1069-80issue
5eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In humans, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) appears to reflect affective and motivational aspects of pain. The responses of this reward-aversion circuit to relief of pain, however, have not been investigated in detail. Moreover...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00284.2013
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The alignment of the pupillary axes and of the visual axes has been measured in 23 normally reared cats ranging in age from 14 days to adulthood. 2. In agreement with a previous report, we find that pupillary divergence, as measured from photographs, tends to decrease during the first 2 mo of life. 3. The angle bet...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1978.41.4.848
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the responses of neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of cats to stimuli known to evoke the precedence effect (PE). This paper focuses on stimulus conditions that probe the neural mechanisms underlying the PE but that are not usually encountered in a natural situation. Experiments were conducted under bo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.3.1302
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have characterized selectivity and sparseness in anterior inferotemporal cortex, using a large data set. Responses were collected from 674 monkey inferotemporal cells, each stimulated by 806 object photographs. This 806 × 674 matrix was examined in two ways: columnwise, looking at responses of a single neuron to al...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00990.2010
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We studied the effect of zinc on the gamma-aminobutyric acid-C (GABAC) receptor in acutely isolated catfish cone horizontal cells using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. 2. GABA activates the GABAC receptor with a half-activation concentration (EC50) of 2.99 microM. The Hill coefficient is 1.32. Desensitization...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.73.2.916
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Across the rostrocaudal (RC) axis of the Xenopus tadpole optic tectum exists a developmental gradient. This gradient has served as a useful model to study many aspects of synapse and dendrite maturation. To compliment these studies, we characterized how the intrinsic excitability, the ease in which a neuron can fire a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00068.2014
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuromodulator acetylcholine (ACh) shapes neocortical function during sensory perception, motor control, arousal, attention, learning, and memory. Here we investigate the mechanisms by which ACh affects neocortical pyramidal neurons in adult mice. Stimulation of cholinergic axons activated muscarinic and nicotinic...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00716.2014
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Using floating electrodes, we recorded from neck-muscle spindle afferents in the C2 dorsal root ganglion of the decerebrate cat. Nerves to dorsal neck muscles were cut so that the afferents presumably originated mainly from ventral and ventrolateral perivertebral muscles and sternocleidomastoid. One goal of our exp...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1989.62.4.917
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The macaque middle temporal area (MT) is exquisitely sensitive to visual motion and there is a large amount of evidence that neural activity in MT is tightly correlated with the perception of motion. The mechanisms by which MT neurons achieve their directional selectivity, however, have received considerably less atte...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00473.2004
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phasing of neuronal activity in a rhythmic motor network is determined by a neuron's intrinsic firing properties and synaptic inputs; these could vary in their relative importance under different modulatory conditions. In the lobster pyloric network, the firing of eight follower pyloric (PY) neurons is shaped by t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00440.2005
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons of the motor nerve net of the jellyfish Cyanea were impaled with microelectrodes for intracellular recordings. The cells have conventional, negative resting potentials and produce variable-amplitude action potentials with complex waveforms. The variability and complexity of these spikes is due to the superimpo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1983.50.3.671
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using extra- and intracellular recording techniques, we investigated the epileptiform activity induced by low concentrations (5 and 10 microM) of bath-applied 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in the CA3 subfield of rat hippocampal slices. We also studied the effects of 4-AP on the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductance ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1987.57.6.1911
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noise is a major concern in circuits processing electrical signals, including neural circuits. There are many factors that influence how noise propagates through neural circuits, and there are few systems in which noise levels have been studied throughout a processing pathway. We recorded intracellularly from multiple...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00607.2011
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pyramidal cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) show three characteristic discharge patterns in response tones: pauser, buildup, and regular firing. Experimental evidence suggests that a rapidly inactivating K+ current (I(KIF)) plays a critical role in generating these discharge patterns. To explore the role of I...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.523
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The exercise pressor reflex (EPR) is generated by group III and IV muscle afferents during exercise to increase cardiovascular function. Muscle contraction is triggered by ACh, which is metabolized into choline that could serve as a signal of exercise-induced activity. We demonstrate that ACh can induce current in mus...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00035.2014
更新日期:2014-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::1. Here we study the variability in extracellular records of action potentials. Our work is motivated, in part, by the need to construct effective algorithms to classify single-unit waveforms from multiunit recordings. 2. We used microwire electrode pairs (stereotrodes) to record from primary somatosensory cortex of a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.6.3823
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skeletal muscle force can be transmitted to the skeleton, not only via its tendons of origin and insertion but also through connective tissues linking the muscle belly to surrounding structures. Through such epimuscular myofascial connections, length changes of a muscle may cause length changes within an adjacent musc...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00937.2015
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Slowness of voluntary movements in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be due to various factors, including attentional and cognitive deficits, delays in motor conduction time, and impairment of specific central nervous system circuits. In 13 healthy volunteers and 20 mildly disabled, relapsing-remitting MS pati...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00591.2014
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural correlates of gap detection in three auditory cortical fields in the cat. Mimimum detectable gaps in noise in humans are independent of the position of the gap, whereas in cat primary auditory cortex (AI) they are position dependent. The position dependence in other cortical areas is not known and may resolve t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1999.81.5.2570
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The small cardioactive peptides (SCPs) are potent modulatory neuropeptides in Aplysia. Buccal ganglia neurons B1 and B2 are the largest neurons that exhibit SCP-like immunoreactivity. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-bioassay and in vivo radiolabeling procedures confirm that these neurons contain and synt...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.59.5.1613
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. To examine the effect of disruption of basal ganglia output on limb stability and movement, muscimol was injected into the internal globus pallidus (GPi) of monkeys trained to make arm movements to visible or remembered targets in a two-dimensional workspace. 2. Injections of as little as 0.25 micrograms muscimol a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.75.3.1087
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Without intervention after spinal cord injury (SCI), paralyzed skeletal muscles undergo myofiber atrophy and slow-to-fast myofiber type transformations. We hypothesized that chronic spasticity-associated neuromuscular activity after SCI would promote recovery from such deleterious changes. We examined segmental tail m...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00622.2006
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS) is the initial central termination site for visceral afferents and is important for modulation and integration of multiple reflexes including cardiorespiratory reflexes. Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the nTS and is removed from the extracellular milieu by e...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01054.2015
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Action potential firing rates are generally limited by the refractory period, which depends on the recovery from inactivation of voltage-gated Na channels. In cerebellar Purkinje neurons, the kinetics of Na channels appear specialized for rapid firing. Upon depolarization, an endogenous open-channel blocker rapidly te...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00261.2004
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the effects of selective inactivation of the cerebellar nuclei in the cat on the control of multijoint trajectories and trajectory adaptation to avoid obstacles. Animals were restrained in a hammock and trained to perform a prehension task in which they reached to grasp a small cube of meat from a ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.4.1886
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this tribute to Reggie Edgerton, I briefly review the spinal mechanisms that coordinate locomotion and the interaction between the different sensory mechanisms that help coordinate the locomotor movements and the central locomotor network. The step cycle has four distinct parts, the support phase, the lift off, the...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00656.2020
更新日期:2020-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Slow covariations in neuronal resting potentials can lead to artefactually fast cross-correlations in their spike trains. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 3345-3351, 1998. A model of two lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) cells, which interact only through slow (tens of seconds) covariations in their resting membrane potentials, is...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.6.3345
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on non-GABAA receptors were investigated with intracellular recordings in CA1 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampal slices in the presence of antagonists of GABAA receptors (50 microM bicuculline and 50 microM picrotoxin), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.69
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A generalized three-dimensional state space model of visual vestibular interaction was developed. Matrix and dynamical system operators associated with inputs from the semicircular canals, otolith velocity estimator, and the visual system have been incorporated into the model, which focus on their relationship to t...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1991.66.4.1410
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In the intact pond snail Planorbis corneus, a rapid tilt in any plane evoked a defense reaction consisting of a fast movement of the shell towards the head, shortening of the foot, inhibition of locomotion and of rhythmical feeding movements. This reaction was similar to the first phase of the general defense react...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.3.898
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00