Abstract：
:Our objective was to evaluate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk-factor assessment and counseling behavior in 86 medical house staff and to ascertain the effect of question format (closed versus open) on reported physician behaviors. We designed a cross-sectional survey using a self-report questionnaire; we received 78 returns of 86 questionnaires (91% response) from one-year and three-year medical housestaff at two general medical clinics in a university-affiliated Bronx municipal hospital. House staff reported assessing sexual behavior (51%) and intravenous drug use (81%) in new patients significantly less often than they assessed smoking (95%) or alcohol use (94%). Counseling to reduce the risk of HIV transmission among all patients occurred even less frequently (41%, all P < .05). Question format (closed versus open) significantly affected response rate; respondents to closed-format questions reported far more behaviors performed. Intravenous drug users (IVDUs) received more frequent advice than general clinic patients about reducing HIV transmission (85% versus 41%), but house staff may ignore sexual risks in IVDUs. Resident confidence that IVDUs would change sexual or drug risk behavior was equally low, 1.5 on a 4-point scale. They reported greater discomfort discussing sexuality than drug use (2.4 versus 1.7; 4-point scale, P = .003). Discomfort discussing sexuality inversely associated with sexual history-taking in multi-variate analysis. Greater involvement with HIV positive patients and fewer perceived barriers to counseling were also associated with more assessment or counseling about risks for HIV transmission. These results suggest that enhancing house staff assessment and counseling efforts to reduce risks for HIV transmission requires interventions that foster involvement with HIV positive patients, emphasize the importance of sexual transmission in IVDUs, facilitate competence in discussing sexual behavior, and address provider belief that IVDUs will not change risk behaviors. Results also demonstrate a significant effect of question format on reported physician behavior.
journal_name
Am J Prev Medjournal_title
American journal of preventive medicineauthors
Wheat ME,Hyman RB,Devons C,Solomon Ssubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-09-01 00:00:00pages
307-16issue
5eissn
0749-3797issn
1873-2607journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:The death of a parent is a major family disruption that can place children at risk for later depression and other mental health problems. DESIGN:Theoretically based randomized controlled trial for parentally bereaved children. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS:Two-hundred and forty-four children and adolescents and the...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.004
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:In 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration extended the licensure for human papillomavirus vaccination to include everyone aged 27-45 years. In 2019, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices issued a recommendation that adults aged 27-45 years and their providers engage in shared clinical decis...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.031
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Sickle cell disease (SCD) research is hampered by disparities in participation due in part to mistrust of research among racial/ethnic minorities. Beyond the historic context of research misconduct, little is known about the associations of social ecologic factors with mistrust and of mistrust with SCD cli...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2016.01.024
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study is to identify whether weather-related factors moderate the effect of a physical activity (PA) intervention. METHODS:Participants (N=204, 77% female, mean age 33 [SD=11] years, mean BMI 28.2 [SD=7.1]) from the Make Better Choices 1 trial, enrolled April 2005 to April 2008, were r...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.025
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The workplace is an important domain for adults, and many effective interventions targeting physical activity and weight reduction have been implemented in the workplace. However, the U.S. workforce is aging, and few studies have examined the relationship of BMI, physical activity, and age as they relate to ...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.035
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The central evaluative question about a national HIV prevention program is whether that program affects HIV incidence. Numerous factors may influence incidence, including public investment in HIV prevention. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between public investment and the HIV epidemic i...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.033
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In 2000, the USDHHS released Healthy People 2010 (HP2010), a series of disease prevention and health promotion objectives for the nation. Thirty-nine of these objectives were dedicated to injury prevention and six of these objectives related to adolescents, who were tracked through CDC's National Youth Risk ...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2011.08.011
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Few prospective cohort studies have examined the association between physical activity (PA) and insomnia prevention, and the effective PA intensity remains unclear. This prospective study explores how PA intensity prevents incident short sleep duration and subjective insufficient sleep in middle-aged and o...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2014.12.006
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The motor-vehicle crash risk of novice teen drivers is unacceptably high. This article examines the historical trends in fatal crash rates for male and female teen drivers as compared to adult drivers by both population and person-miles driven. The effect of motor-vehicle policies on teen driver crashes, characteristi...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2008.06.022
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Addressing veteran homelessness is a major federal priority, but there has been little research on the period between military discharge and homelessness. There are public concerns about new waves of homelessness among recent veterans and questions about a possible sleeper effect, that is, a delayed risk t...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2020.03.001
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic/antipyretic; overdoses can lead to liver damage. Little is known about the relationship of health literacy to exceeding the recommended maximum daily dose (4 g). METHODS:Subjects were recruited at 23 U.S. malls in 2011. Health literacy was measured by Rapid Estim...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.005
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A review of randomized controlled trials of weight-management interventions for pregnant or postpartum women was conducted to assess whether effective weight-management interventions exist for this population. METHODS:The MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, and CINAHL databases were searched,...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2008.02.010
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because the instruments used to measure current practices among primary care physicians in a broad range of prevention activities are limited, we developed a study to test a tool that would evaluate current prevention knowledge and applications, including items regarding activities to prevent AIDS and other sexually t...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The increase in teenage smoking, and the fact that concern about body weight is given as a reason for smoking initiation by girls, suggest that food intake may be compromised in female teens who smoke. Daily consumption of a variety of foods is important due to the health-protective constituents they contain...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00418-x
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Institute of Medicine has called for increased population-based training for healthcare professions students, and particularly medical students. For this to be effective, students should receive such training in the locations where population-based approaches to care take place, such as public health dep...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2005.08.044
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Hepatocellular carcinoma disproportionately affects minorities. Southern states have high proportions of black populations and prevalence of known risk factors. Further research is needed to understand the role of southern geography in hepatocellular carcinoma disparities. This paper examined racial dispar...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2018.05.030
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Lipid management is less aggressive in blacks than whites and women than men. PURPOSE:To examine whether differences in lipid management for race-sex groups compared to white men are due to factors influencing health services utilization or physician prescribing patterns. METHODS:Because coronary heart dis...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2014.10.025
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Sexual minority youth often experience increased social stress due to prejudice, discrimination, harassment, and victimization. Increased stress may help explain the disproportionate use of substances like tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use by sexual minority youth. This study examined...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2017.06.011
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Few successful treatment modalities exist to address childhood obesity. Given Latinos' strong identity with family, a family-focused intervention may be able to control Latino childhood obesity. PURPOSE:To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a family-centered, primary care-based approach to control ...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2012.11.026
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Secondary and tertiary prevention of chronic illness is a major challenge for the United States healthcare system. Controlled studies show that interventions can enhance secondary prevention in primary care practices, but they shed little light on implementation of secondary prevention outside the experiment...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2007.04.001
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Infant mortality rates are higher in nonmetropolitan areas versus large metropolitan areas. Variation by race/ethnicity and cause of death has not been assessed. Urban-rural infant mortality rate differences were quantified by race/ethnicity and cause of death. METHODS:National Vital Statistics System lin...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2019.09.010
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The contributions of community health workers (CHWs) in the delivery of culturally relevant programs for hypertension control have been studied since the 1970s. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of CHWs in supporting the care of people with hypertension. METHODS:Computerized searches were co...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2007.01.011
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past 30 years, prevention science in the adolescent health field has moved from interventions focused on preventing single problem behaviors to efforts employing a dual approach, addressing risk factors that predict problems while simultaneously nurturing protective factors and promoting positive development....
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2016.07.037
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The disparity in health status between black and white Americans exists chiefly because of an excess of preventable disease in blacks. This situation calls for an increase in preventive services for blacks, services which might best be implemented or directed by black specialists in preventive medicine. However, there...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medical systems and associative communities are two distinctive social tools. To promote health, tools of community are more significant than system tools. Medical systems were created to serve many needs efficiently and to produce standardized procedures and outcome. Clients are a necessary component of a medical sys...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:This study examines the implementation of North Carolina's statewide naloxone standing order and identifies community characteristics associated with pharmacy stocking and willingness to sell naloxone under the standing order. METHODS:In April-June 2019, a mystery caller protocol was completed to assess i...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2019.11.009
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build a Healthier America was charged to identify strategies beyond medical care to address health disparities in the U.S. related to social and economic disadvantage. Based on insights gained while providing scientific support for the commission's efforts, this paper p...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2010.09.026
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:This study reviews collective evidence on the longitudinal impact of housing disadvantage (based on tenure, precarity, and physical characteristics) on mental health. It is focused on temporally ordered studies where exposures preceded outcomes, a key criterion to establishing causal evidence. EVIDENCE ACQUISI...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2019.03.018
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Harnessing engagement in online searching and social media may provide complementary information for monitoring alcohol use, informing prevention and policy evaluation, and extending knowledge available from national surveys. METHODS:Relative search volumes for 7 alcohol-related keywords were estimated fr...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.027
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Healthy People 2020-specific respiratory diseases objectives seek to increase the proportion of people with current asthma who receive appropriate asthma care. For adults, this includes a discussion of whether asthma is work-related. PURPOSE:To establish a baseline measure of physician-patient communication...
journal_title：American journal of preventive medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.amepre.2012.03.021
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
